短文填词解题技巧课件.ppt

1、 高考英语高考英语解题思路解题思路一、题型说明一、题型说明 二、短文填词题八大考点二、短文填词题八大考点三、学生普遍存在的二大问题三、学生普遍存在的二大问题 四、短文填词题三大解题策略四、短文填词题三大解题策略五、实战演练五、实战演练主要考点：短文填词以考查实词为主，兼及虚词。短文填词以考查实词为主，兼及虚词。2009年福建省质检和高考试题中短文填词部分考查的要点。年福建省质检和高考试题中短文填词部分考查的要点。考点考点名词名词动词动词形容词形容词副词副词代词代词介词介词省质省质检检stampsinterestwritelisteningbelookingmodestmyselfwhichdu

2、ring高考高考grammarbeginningincludesgivenbenefitpossiblecarefullyourselveswhichin.strategies:根具体的命题特点，我们可采用：根具体的命题特点，我们可采用：确定词确定词 确定词性确定词性 确定词形确定词形三部曲的方式来完成。三部曲的方式来完成。a.确定词。确定词。解答给汉语提示的单词拼写题时，解答给汉语提示的单词拼写题时，切忌不考虑句意切忌不考虑句意简单翻译，汉语和英语在互译时并不是永远能一一对简单翻译，汉语和英语在互译时并不是永远能一一对等的。等的。b.确定词性。分析应填词担任的确定词性。分析应填词担任的句子成

3、分句子成分，正确判断，正确判断所缺单词的所缺单词的词性词性。c.正确、工整、清楚正确、工整、清楚地拼写出所填单词正确形式。地拼写出所填单词正确形式。Tips:1.通读全文，获取大意。2.根据前后已知信息确定单词，并判断词性。3.结合语境，确定词性。正确拼写单词。4.重读课文，核查答案。1.形式形式：替换试卷中原短文改错题，重点考查单词拼写、语言基础重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。考生必须在理解短文内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。2.选材选材：符合学生的书面表

4、达水平，短文词数在130左右，共设10小题，第一行不设题，其余每行挖空一处设一题；考查以实词为主，考查以实词为主，兼顾其他词性兼顾其他词性。3.提示方式提示方式：有首字母提示、汉语提示、语境提示，其中首字母提示、汉语提示各34个，语境提示23个。每个空格根据提示用一个单词的适当形式单词的适当形式填空。4.答案的唯一性答案的唯一性。如果出现与标准答案不同,但符合题目要求的答案也可以接受，具体由阅卷点裁定。每个空格只能填入一个答案，超过一个的，该小题以零分计。短文填词共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分1、名词：、名词：可数、不可数，可数名词的单复数形式；特别容易忽略名词的单复数，知道了名词的单复数

5、，有时特别容易拼错，尤其是一些可数名词单复数的特殊变化，以及动名词之间的转换；如：leafleave;mediummedia;adviseadvice,practisepractice;succeedsuccess;2、动词：、动词：时态、语态、非谓语及动词形式的不规则变化；broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)广播 equip(equipped,equipping)装备注意：quarrel,signal,travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）3、形容词、副词：、形容词、副词：形容词与副词的区别（也可能考比较级及最高级）；Simplesimply,fi

6、shfisherman,possiblepossibly 可能的,practicalpractically 实际的4、数词、数词：主要考序数词。容易拼错的序数词，如：1.twentytwentieth,2.ninth第九 3.forty四十 4.twelfth第十二 5.常见短语的掌握常见短语的掌握Call on号召，拜访（后接sb）/call in召集/call at拜访某地;in good health;focus on关注/concentrate on 集中注意力6.常见从句的掌握，定语从句与宾语从句的区别常见从句的掌握，定语从句与宾语从句的区别 7.同义词的辨析同义词的辨析Cloth布

7、料/clothes衣服/clothing衣服总称,celebrate庆祝/congratulate祝贺,hungry饿/starve饥饿,disturb打搅/bother打扰 8.形近易混词的区分形近易混词的区分quality质量/quantity数量,similar相似的/familiar熟悉的,adapt适应,改编/adopt收养，采纳首先：首先：单词拼写问题，很多可能知道要填的单词，但拼写往往出错；其次：其次：如何确定所填词的词性，有些空确实特别需要注意的是细节的把握：如名词的单复数，和动词形式的变化以及词性之间的变换。关键找搭配信息关键找搭配信息第一对于首字母提示和语境提示的空格：第一

8、对于首字母提示和语境提示的空格：如何判断其意义及词性，关键看搭配，重点找已知信息。搭配包括：主谓搭配，动宾搭配，前置定语（形容词、动词分词）+名词或名词+后置定语（形容词，动词分词，介宾短语或者定语从句），谓语+状语（副词），副词修饰形容词等等。空格前后的已知信息词决定着空格词的词性；第二：汉语提示题相对简单：第二：汉语提示题相对简单：大部分我们可以根据汉语提示直接写出答案。但需特别注意的是有时题中给出我们的意思能够理解，但词性的选择和单词的选择还是需要根据具体的搭配信息确定。而且中文往往是模糊的，与之相近的意思的单词或许不止一个词。这时更需要我们根据文中已知信息来确定。For example

9、:1.They got lost in the desert and _(挨饿)to death.解析：并列连词and 连接二谓语动词，前后一致，前面是动词got,则后面也应是动词的过去时,故只能填starved,而不会是形容词hungry.2.Please give my _(祝贺)when you see her.3.They re going to _（庆祝）their victory with music and dancing.解析：庆祝和祝贺在中文看来是近似的，但在英文中的区别明显。Celebrate庆祝，后面接的宾语往往是胜利或是节日。而祝贺的宾语则是对个人成功等的祝贺。本题空格

10、在动词give的后面，故应填congratulation.而68题则应是celebrate.4.The book gives a short _（描述）of the city.解析：很明显该处应填名词description.注意：describe和description的词性转化。第三第三：单词的正确拼写：单词的正确拼写 1.1.名词名词：2.2.动词动词:3.3.形容词形容词 4.4.副词：副词：5.5.数词和月份，星期数词和月份，星期 6.6.短语：短语：7.7.主从复合句：主从复合句：1.名词名词：名词的单复数的确定主要根据：(1).并列连词 and,but以及or前后的名词或代词的单复

11、数，前后往往是一致的；(2).根据主谓一致的原则，关键看谓语动词或系动词的数。1.On the morning of April 29,2008,from 10:00 to 11:00,hundreds of millions of students from primary,middle schools and u_ all over China joined in a national student sports program.2.We aim at q rather than quantity.3.Eric came running into the room,out of b .4

12、.Nowadays most people use paper _(手帕).5Spring has come,and the trees are thick with green _（叶子）.qualityuniversities breath handkerchiefs leaves 2.动词动词:一定要注意动词的时态，语态及非谓语形式，这又和考查学生对动词ing及ed形式的变换的掌握能力息息相关。1.Letting the water run while you brush your teeth w water.2.The patient kept c_ all night.3.Do yo

13、u think_(游泳)is allowed in the canal.4.A fence at the back of the garden_(分开)us from the neighbors.5.I r_ Mike the moment I saw him.6 _（赢得）the support of the majority requires time,energy and devotion.7They finished _（测量）that piece of land last week.8.The boy spoke in a very low voice _(承认)he had bro

14、ken the glass.wastes coughing swimming separates recognized Winning measuring admitting 3.形容词形容词:特别注意名词转化形容:Asia Asian,AustraliaAustralian,EuropeEuropean(地名等专有名词第一字母必须大写)。1.Rice is grown in China,Japan and other A_ countries.2.The story is written by an _（澳大利亚）engineer.3.This plant is found in the _

15、(南部)parts of the country 4.She looks f_ to me,but I dont remember her names.5.My train was 20 minutes late in the morning and there was a _(相似的)delay in the evening.similar familiar southern Australian Asian 4.副词：副词：副词主要修饰形容词，和动词。1.Dont be frightened by the television camera.Just speak _(自然地).2.G_ s

16、peaking,parents care more about their childrens health than about their own.3.The telephone rang and he answered it i_.4Attention please,the game will begin （立刻）.5There are only five minutes left.Well have to walk q_ to get there on time.naturally immediately Generally quickly immediately 5.数词和月份，星期

17、数词和月份，星期 数词：主要考序数词。1.The _(第十二)man in a football team will play if one of the other players is ill.2.Their office is on the_(第九)floor.3.Ill go and see you next_(星期六).4._（一月）is the first month of the year.容易拼写错的数字。容易拼写错的数字。如：1.eighth第八2.ninth第九3.forty四十4.twelfth第十二5.twentieth第二十一个星期七天：一个星期七天：1.Monday

18、 2.Tuesday 3.Wednesday 4.Thursday 5.Friday 6.Saturday 7.Sunday一年十二个月一年十二个月:1.January 2.February 3.March 4.April 5.May 6.June 7.July 8.August 9.September 10.October 11.November 12.DecembertwelfthninthSaturdayJanuary6.短语：短语：1.Could you help Li and tell him how to get _ of this bad habit and return to

19、normal life again？2.He was p_ of the Olympic Gold Medal he won for his country.3.Not paying a_ to the road can be dangerous,even deadly.4.It is important for drivers to f_(关注)on what is going on around them.ridproudattentionfocus7.主从复合句：主从复合句：从样题分析来看，此题一般在12题左右。一般以考查从句的连接词为主，而宾语从句，定语从句以及时间状语从句的连接词出现频率较高。1.I think _ a good idea for us Senior students to have daily sports.2.We spend an hour a day on exercise,_ is well worth doing.3.His wife is worried and afraid t drinking will destroy their happy life as well as Li Hua himself.thatwhich it/its