1、【外研版创新设计】2011高考英语一轮复习提能训练 必修1Module 1My First Day at Senior High能 力 闯 关 .单词拼写1Whats your _(态度)to solving the problem?2The teacher asks to write a _(描述)of our schoolyard in English.3He tells people that hell move to another p_ from Shandong.4Be quiet and follow the onscreen i_.5The _(行为)of the other
2、students shows that they like her,too.6Group work activities wont make you _(难堪)7The Chinese school s_ is quite different from that of the US.A.8The teachers are very _(热心的)and friendly.9There must have been some m_.I didnt order all these books.10Considering your right attitude to dealing with the
3、correction to the students homework,you are a b_ teacher.答案:1.attitude2.description3.province4.instructions5.behaviour6.embarrassed7.system8.enthusiastic9.misunderstanding10.brilliant.单项填空1After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced _ cars in 2005 as the year before.Aas twice many Ba
4、s many twice Ctwice as many Dtwice many as解析:倍数表示法是把倍数或分数放在最前面,类似的表达方式有twice as many.as.,twice more.than,twice the number of.等。答案:C2The questions the reporter asked sometimes were _ and they made me _.Aembarrassed;embarrassing Bembarrassing;embarrassedCembarrassed;embarrassed Dembarrassing;embarrass
5、ing解析:embarrassed表示对人的感情,“对感到尴尬的”;embarrassing表示“令人难堪的”。答案:B3When they retired,Mr. and Mrs. Scott preferred a house in the country to spend their late years to _ in a large city.Athis Bone Cit Dthat解析:one用来代替上文的单数泛指名词;that用来代替上文的不可数名词是特指;it指上文提到过的那件事,此处表泛指。答案:B4Do you know Anna telephone number?_.As
6、 a matter of fact,I dont know any Anna,either.AI think so BIm afraid not CI hope so DId rather not解析:根据答语可知,回答方不知道安娜的电话号码,实际上并不认识安娜。I think so“我认为是这样”;Im afraid not“恐怕不知道”;I hope so“希望如此”;Id rather not“我宁愿不是这样”。答案:B5My room gets very cold at night._.ASo is mine BSo mine is CSo does mine DSo mine doe
7、s解析:句意:我的房间晚上很冷。我的也是。so引导的倒装句表后者与前者情况相同。该句式中助动词的选择应依前面句子中的动词而定。又如:I can swim.So can he.I have finished the task.So has he.此题中第一句话中动词为gets,故后句倒装须用助动词do/does。注意:如果so后句子不倒装,则只表对前者的肯定。答案:C6The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.Acovering Bcovered Ccover Dto cover解析:句意是:野花像地毯一样覆盖
8、着沙漠,非谓语动词cover是主动的,故选A项作伴随状语。答案:A7My sister _ the League last month and she has decided to _ the activity to help the aged next week.Ajoined;join in Bjoined in;join Cjoined;join Djoined in;join in解析:考查动词(词组)辨析。join表示“加入某组织并成为其中一员”;join in表示“参加活动”。答案:A8_ and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize
9、.ASurprising BSurprised CBeing surprised DTo be surprising解析:此题考查过去分词作状语。句意是:又惊又喜,托尼站起来领了奖。此处用surprised and happy描述托尼的心情,作状语。要注意C项中的Being没有必要,可省略。答案:B9Its burning hot today,isnt it?Yes._ yesterday.ASo was it BSo it was CSo it is DSo is it解析:句意为:“今天太热了,是不是?”“是呀,昨天也一样”。如果表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一者,要用so+助动词/情态
10、动词/系动词+主语。答案:A10She wanted the man she was looking forward _ stay with her.Afor to Bto with Cto to Dwith to解析:the man后省略了引导词who,who为look forward to的宾语,答案中第二个to为want sb. to do sth.的to。答案:C11I _ what he said the first time I saw him.Aimpressed with Bwas impressed with Cimpressed on Dwas impressed on解析
11、:句意:我第一次见到他时他说的话给我留下深刻印象。本题考查impress sb. with sth.的变通形式,be impressed with sth.使深感。答案:B12The door opened _.Afor itself Bby itself Cof itself Ditself解析:of oneself表示“自动地”;by oneself表示“独自地”;for oneself表示“亲自”。答案:C13Todays _ of birth control make it possible for a couple to choose whether or not to have a
12、 child.Away Bmeans Cmanner Dmethods解析:method指系统地,有条理地办事的方法或思路;manner指行为,举止;way也指方法或手段,但在此句中应用复数形式;means指工具或策略。根据句意,应选methods。答案:D14Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.Aexplanations Binstructions Cdescriptions Dintroductions解析:此题考查近义名词在特定语境中的使用。explanation解
13、释;instruction说明;description描述;introduction介绍;序言。句意是:总是要仔细阅读药瓶上的说明书,并 且要适量吃药。答案:B15The _ children were opening their _ Christmas presents.Aexciting;exciting Bexcited;excited Cexciting;excited Dexcited;exciting解析:本题考查表示情绪变化的一类现在分词与过去分词的区别。通常现在分词说明人或事物的特征,译成汉语为“令人感到的”,如:This is an exciting story./The s
14、tory is exciting.过去分词表示人或动物的一种感受,译为“感到的,觉得”,如:The excited woman cried in a loud voice./The woman was excited at the news.根据题意判断,答案应是D。答案:D.翻译句子1汤姆的健康令人担忧,父母都很担心他。(worry)_2父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。(impress.with)_3自从他告诉我以来我就一直盼望能见到你。(look forward to)_4汤姆每两周回家,他的队友也是。(so引导倒装)_5我们想像不到我们会过上如此幸福的生活。_答案:1.Toms healt
15、h is worrying.His parents are worried about him.2My father impressed me with the value of hard work.3I have been looking forward to meeting you ever since he told me.4Tom goes home every other week,and so do his teammates.5We didnt imagine we could live so happy a life.阅读理解Flu is a common infection
16、of the nose and throat,and sometimes the lungs.The cause is a virus that passes from one person to another.The virus spreads through the air when an infected person expels air suddenly.Flu develops after the virus enters a persons nose or mouth.The flu causes muscle pain,sudden high body temperature
17、,breathing problems and weakness.Generally,most people feel better after a week or two.But the flu can kill.It is especially dangerous to the very young,the very old and those with weakened defenses against disease.Medical experts have recognized for some time that people become infected with flu du
18、ring the winter months.But they did not really know why until recently.American researchers say they now know why the flu virus spreads in the winter and not in the summer.They say it is because the virus remains in the air longer when the air is cold and dry.Researchers in New York carried out twen
19、ty experiments with guinea pigs to investigate how the virus spreads.The researchers found the virus spread the most when the temperature was about five degrees Celsius and the humidity was twenty percent.Few of the guinea pigs developed flu as the temperature increased.The virus stopped spreading c
20、ompletely at thirty degrees Celsius and eighty percent humidity.The researchers also found that the animals spread the virus among themselves nearly two days longer when the temperature was low.One of the researchers said the study shows that flu virus is more likely to infect people during an outdo
21、or walk on a cold day than in a warm room.He said cold air helps the virus survive in the air and low humidity helps it stay there longer.That is because particles of the virus ride on the extremely small drops of water floating in the air.When the air is very humid,water droplets fall to the ground
22、 more quickly.The researchers say,however,that people should not stay in warm places all the time in cold weather to avoid the flu.They say the best way to prevent the sickness is to get yearly injections of a vaccine that prevents flu.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文,讲述流感在冬天容易传播的原因。1From the passage we can conclude
23、 that _.Aflu sometimes is deadly to weak peopleBflu virus can be killed by the warm weatherCflu virus can be killed by the low humidityDanimals get infected with flu easier than human beings解析:推理判断题。文章第二段提到:It is especially dangerous to the very young,the very old and those with weakened defenses ag
24、ainst disease.所以对于身体比较弱的人来说,流感有时是致命的疾病。答案:A2According to the passage,why is a person infected with the flu easily in winter?ABecause in winter people tend to stay in the warm room.BBecause in winter some people stay outdoor for long.CBecause flu virus survive longer in cold and dry weather.DBecause
25、people are weaker in winter.解析:细节理解题。文章第四段提到:the virus remains in the air longer when the air is cold and dry.答案:C3Which of the following words can replace the underlined word in the first paragraph?AExposes. BBreathes. CFrees. DFaces.解析:词义猜测题。从文意知病毒是通过空气传播的,故此处指当一个被感染的人突然呼气。所以用breathe。答案:B4Which of
26、 the following will probably be discussed next?AHow many kinds of flu have been identified.BHow bird flu affected human being.CHow the government controlled the flu.DHow much the vaccine will cost.解析:推理判断题。前面讲了流感是什么,有什么样的危害,在什么情况下最容易感染,并提出了解决办法。所以后面最可能说明目前知道有哪几种流感。答案:A阅卷现场(教师用书独具)英语阅卷中发现各题型的常见问题与解决方
27、法第一节题型顺序与备考目标最近几年英语高考命题是新旧交替的时期,独立命题省份逐年增加,总体可分为大纲区、课改过渡区和课改区,英语试卷以稳定为前提,在考试内容、考试形式及试卷结构上基本保持不变,同时试卷保持稳中有进的特点,较好地体现了稳中求变、变中求新、突出语篇、强化语境的命题指导思想,符和新课改的趋势和要求,试卷难度适中,有利于考生水平的正常发挥。试卷的选材与考生的日常生活密切相关,不论听力、完形,还是阅读理解等题型的选材,都呈现出多样化的特点,时代感强。一、题型顺序在近年的高考中,英语试卷呈现稳中渐变的趋势,各个题型的题型顺序大体如下:北京卷有听力,单选,完形,阅读,情景作文和开放作文。上海
28、卷有听力,单选,完形,阅读,翻译和作文。全国I卷有听力,单选,完形,阅读,短文改错和作文,全国卷有单选,完形,阅读,单词拼写,短文改错和作文。另外,一些自主命题的重点省份的英语高考卷也大致为以上几种题型。因此为了照顾全国大部分考生,我们按照以下题型顺序来为考生们进行一一讲解问题一:听力部分常见问题及解决方法问题二:单项选择题常见问题及解决方法问题三:完形填空题常见问题及解决方法问题四:阅读理解题常见问题及解决方法问题五:短文改错题常见问题及解决方法问题六:作文(书面表达)常见问题及解决方法二、不同题型的备考目标(一)听力题高考英语听力一般从以下几方面考查考生对口头语言的理解能力:1领略主旨大意
29、。概括话题内容 这类试题在高考听力试题中约占2小题,它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会,抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的,有时主旨大意较明显,有时则需要归纳、概括。常见的提问方式有: Whats the passage mainly about?Whats the topic of the passage?What are the two speakers doing?What are the two speakers talking about?What is the dialogue/conversation about?为了把握所听内容的主
30、旨要义,要从说话人的语气上体会主旨大意,抓住关键词,对语段进行整体理解。而不应纠缠在某些小细节上,这样往往会造成以偏概全。2捕捉主要细节,确认具体事实这类试题在高考听力试题中约占8小题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息,准确理解具体细节,如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时,还要求我们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理,比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容,领会说话者意图,这是听力考查的重点内容。常见的提问方式有:Where is the woman going?How does the man pay for the
31、 tickets?Whats wrong with the girl?When does the woman plan to arrive?Whats the mans house number?How many hours does Tom sleep a day?Why does the man thank the woman?Which of the following is true?细节问题一定是与整段材料的话题中心密切相关的,而不是纯粹为了追求细枝末节而设置的,这就需要在整体理解所听材料的基础上把听到的具体信息联系在一起,然后做出正确的理解与判断。3推测谈话背景,辨认角色关系 这类
32、试题在高考听力试题中约占5小题,要求我们从谈话或说话的话题和语气来推断出对话双方(或说话人)的职业身份,彼此之间(或与他人)的关系,对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。常见的提问方式有:Where does this conversation take place?Where is the woman speaking?Where did the conversation most likely happen?When does the dialogue take place?Who do you think the woman probably is?Whats the probable rela
33、tionship between the speakers?判断背景场合与说话者的身份对理解所听话语的真实含义是至关重要的。从某种意义上来说,对谈话或者说话发生的背景、说话者之间的关系的理解程度,也体现了我们对语篇整体输入或整体理解的能力。4领会弦外之音,揣摩观点意图这类试题在高考听力试题中约占5小题,它要求我们从话语中听出其中可能有的“弦外之音”,也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度等,常见的提问方式有:What can we learn from the conversation/speakers?What can we know/learn about the woman?What doe
34、s the man mean?What do the speakers want to tell us?What is the probable result of the conversation?Whats the womans opinion about the mans dress?How does the woman think about the mans way of working?Which of the following words best describe the day the speaker had?俗话说“听话要听音”,推测说话人的真实意图,把握了解其观点或态度
35、是有一定难度的。这类问题常涉及语言文化背景知识,需要我们在语言学习和听力理解训练中培养文化意识,提高自己的领悟能力。(二)单项选择题英语的基础知识主要是词汇和语法知识。英语高考的各个题型都渗透着对基础知识的检测,单项填空是较为集中考查如何运用基础知识的题型之一。用考试大纲上的话来说就是“测试考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况”。简单表达形式要表达的内涵非常丰富,不仅可考查习语,还可考查如省略、口语中的交际用语等,这就突出了对语言的交际能力的考查。高考的单项填空共15个题,计15分(湖北省为10个;浙江省为20个,计10分;四川省(2009年)为20个,计20分;广东省无单项选择题
36、)。考查的四项要点是语法知识,词语辨析,口语交际和惯用法。一个小题考查多项知识是很普遍的现象,而且有的题还设两空。高考单选以涉及动词的题为主,辨析题常是动词短语的辨析。每年的题虽以基础题为多数,但总有个别怪题出现。做好单选题的关键是仔细看题干,不要只读带空格的那一句。要瞻前顾后,上挂下连,首尾呼应。含两个空的题,先确定有把握的那一个。要根据平时做题经验,努力找出命题的意图。审题时要注意情感分析,交际原则,不可死抠语法规则。(三)完形填空完形填空题的两空之间一般相隔710个词,短文第一个句子一般不设填空题,其特点总结如下: (1)本题型设空以考查文意为主,信息词汇(或通常所说的“实词”名词、动词
37、、形容词和副词等)比重极大,且有逐年增加的趋势。(2)降低对单词本身词义的考查要求,以突出本题的主要测试目的:理解全文,通篇考虑,掌握大意,注重关联。(3)增加了考查连词的题,涉及考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及语句之间关联的理解,恰到好处。(4)注意结合文意考查对词语用法的掌握。主要涉及两个方面:词义辨析与惯用搭配。同义与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义。如果只是一一对应地背记单词的中文意思,不注意具体语境中单词的确切含义,是难以分辨一些词汇的细微差别的。(5)题目的类型可分为:语言知识型,如各种语法规则、句型、句式等;还包括词汇型,测试单词在一定语境下的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以
38、及对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵活运用。判断推理型,考查对篇章的整体理解、上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理能力综合型,即对知识和能力综合运用的考查。完形填空有多种形式,但它的基本设计原则都是一致的,都是从短文中删去若干词,让学生根据上下文填入适当的词。高考中完形填空的题型一般可见到:阅读短文后所给的四个选项A,B,C和D从中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。根据短文内容及所给的首字母,在每个空白处填入一个适当的词,完成下列短文。用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,使短文正确,通顺(每个词语限用一次)。完形填空考查形式有多种,但最为常见的是在给出的一篇文章中,挖去20个关键词语(上海卷为15个
39、,广东卷为10个)。这些词多为动词,名词,形容词,副词等一些常用的实词,要求学生从四个选项中选出一个与文章内容相符的选项填空,使文章完整,即还原文章的本来面目。完形填空与单项填空和阅读理解有相似之处,但又不同于这两种题。它不同于单项填空之处在于,它不能局限于理解某一个句子,根据其语法和句法功能来选择正确的选项。它与阅读理解也不一样,因为它是以一篇不完整的文章出现,它要求考生还原文章的本来面目,要做题者根据文章的内容,排除三个错误选项的干扰,用正确的选项填补所缺的词,使文章完整与通顺。(四)阅读理解题存高考英语(NMET)试题中,总词汇量最多、阅读量最大、分值最高、考试分配时间最长的大题是阅读理
40、解。从高考情况来看,阅读理解题在逐年提高难度。因此,弄清高考命题的原则、特点、角度,掌握正确的答题步骤和解题技巧是做好阅读理解题的关键。1命题原则(1)阅读总量不少于1 000个单词,篇数不少于四篇。(2)题材尽量多样化,包括日常生活、传说、人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、经济等;信息丰富,有较为丰富的文化蕴涵。(3)体裁尽量避免单一化,一般包括记叙文、描写文、议论文、应用文等。2命题特点(1)NMET阅读理解始终坚持把阅读技能作为考查项目。NMET阅读理解字数近年逐年增加,加强对考生阅读速度的要求。语言更为地道,接近原文,并适当提高了试题难度。(2)语篇的语言难度相当,措辞浅显、生动、自
41、然、地道;语句灵活而富于变化;在语篇逻辑上经得起推敲,而且在“深度”上也达到较高层次。阅读语段则体现当代英语的特点:用词浅显简练,生动活泼,语句富于变化,避免冗长沉重。常用词的深层或引申意义处理得当。(3)阅读理解试题考点分布格局恰当,试题设计合理,有效地避免违背生活常识和语段本意的偏题、怪题;注意答案的唯一性,避免模棱两可的选项设计;题干简洁易懂,清楚明确,既避免长句、难句,又避免生硬的套语。(4)继续注重实用问题。学生需对较多的信息进行筛选,迅速找出适合题目要求的正确选项。干扰项只有涉及语篇的内容才有可能发挥干扰功能。命题人员把握住这一点,预测到领悟能力差的考生可能发生的失误点,有不少理解
42、题在干扰项的编制上水平较高。3考查目标国家教委考试中心在全国范围公布的考试说明对阅读理解的要求做了明确的规定,阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下能力:(1)掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;(2)了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节;(3)根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义;(4)既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系;(5)根据所读材料进行一定的判断,推理和引申;(6)正确领会作者的观点和态度。4能力要求(1)理解主旨要义。英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。借助对主题段和主题句的理解从而抓住其主旨要义。主题段通常在文章开头,也可能在文章的中间和结尾,简要概括文章的中心思想。当然,有时需从
43、文章的字里行间进行推断。(2)理解作者的意图和态度。每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的,或是向读者传递某个信息,或是愉悦读者,或是讲授道理。而这些信息通常不是明确表达出来,而是隐含在文章之中。因此,这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上,去领会作者的言外之意。(3)理解文中具体信息。一篇文章的主题和中心思想确定后,还需要有大量细节信息的支持。这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要,同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础,因而不容忽视。(4)根据上下文推测生词的词义。正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步,也是理解文章的基础。引导学生从构词法、上下文语言环境等方面去猜测词义,是帮助学生扩大词汇
44、量、正确理解文章的一个很好办法。(五)短文改错短文改错着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。它涉及词汇、语法、句型结构等方面的知识和逻辑情理的推断和综合辨析能力,是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。它是专门针对考生们平时学习英语过程中,尤其是写作练习中常犯的又是较为普遍的错误而设计的。对考生们而言,该题又是拉开距离和档次的题型。近几年的短文改错题都是一篇110120字左右的学生习作式的短文。短文中有10行标出了题号,要求考生判断各行是否有错。若有错误(每行只有一个错误),将它找出并改正;如果没错,则在横线上画一个对勾。命题者一般在行文逻辑、一
45、致关系、连接手段、平行结构、多词少词、母语干扰、冠词使用、名词数格、词语搭配、词性辨析等方面进行设计和考查。1短文改错的命题特点和命题趋向(1)错误类型设置相对稳定。从设错形式上看,基本上都是错词的占6行;没有错误的占1行;多词和缺词的共占3行左右。(2)短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广,分布合理。错误包括词法、句法、语篇结构、行文逻辑等,涉及名词、冠词、代词、介词、形容词、副词、连词、动词时态、动词语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致等语法知识。在改错题中,占相当大比例的主要是动词的形式变化,现在时第三人称单数,过去时,ed分词,ing分词及被动语态等。其他如名词复数的变化、主谓一致、词与词之间的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面也会交替出现。(3)短文改错试题的难度保持平稳,体裁以记叙文为主,记叙文较说明文和议论文更易理解;句子结构以简单句为主过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。句子的长度是控制难度的一个重要因素。句子越长难度越高。从近几年考试题来看,短文改错的句子平均长度趋于平稳,但几乎每篇都有一个长达20多个词的句子。这就需要考生在这个句子中判断出二到三个地方有错或无错,增加了试题的
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