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英语中考考点必读.doc

1、最新2014中考英语考点解读(考前必看)一单项选择方面冠词: 冠词: (1)a/an 的区分: 注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母 u 本身的音/ju:/,前面加a. 如.a useful book, a university, . a usual chair; 如果发以外的音, 前面加 an:如an unusual chair, an unimportant, an umbrella, 常考还有 an honest boy . a European country (2) 球类,棋类运动和三餐饭前不加 the play football ,play chess. have breakfast

2、.西洋乐器前加 the play the violin,play the piano (3)高难度竞赛题 a“u” ;an“h” ;an “s” ;an “x”连词 (1) 连词现象: Although ,though 与 but 通常不连用。 because 与 so 不连用 。if (如果)与 then 不连用。 (2) 就近一致连词 neither.nor , either.or ,not only.but also not.but. there be句型(3) 句型转换常见的:连接句子与 to do 形式 ,because +句子(有完整主谓结构)because of +介词宾语(名词

3、等), in order to do (in order not to do ) 和in order that +句子, so as to和 so as that +句子 ,so.that +句子 与too.to do 及enough to do ,so good a book that +句子与 such a good book that+句子 so good that+句子 (4) 重要联词的应用 最近中招常考 unless(=if not)除非, or 否则(威胁,劝告), as if / as though (仿佛), even if / even though (即使), not.u

4、ntil (直到.才) ,介词 (1) 介词+doing 介词+ 代词宾格形式 Neither of us is late. The book is for you. The knife is used for cutting things. Tom is sitting between him and me.(禁用“I” ) 关联记忆:介意 Mind + doing Would you mind my smoking here? (2) on in at 的用法: 表时间:on(天优先,只要涉及天的概念就用 on) in(时段) at (时刻) ; ; on the morning of A

5、pril 1st. on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜晚 at the same time (3) 表伴随: with / without ,或 doing She is a girl with long hair. She is a girl wearing a new dress.(4)表方式: by bike,on foot 没有冠词“a”或名词复数 What time is it by your watch. . The boss pays us by week. He beat her with a book.(with 后要带 a 或复数) speak in Engl

6、ish Write in ink (5)介词(不加 the)+名词 at table 在桌旁,且在吃饭(两层意思)at the table 在桌旁,具体干什么不清楚 in hospital(生病住院)和in the hospital(在医院)的区别 名词 (1) 单复数特殊变化: 男man-men、女woman-women、脚 foot-feet、牙tooth-teeth、鹅 goose-geese、孩子child-children、 people(可数名词),sheep, deer(鹿)fish 单复数同形。 中日不变,英法变,其余后面加s Americans,Germans (2) 名词的

7、复数重心转移: This is an old pair of shoes. I want a new pair . (3) 带性别的复合词组: 有woman 和man两个表示性别的词做定语修饰后面的名词时变复数,两者同时变复数。2 women(变)doctors(变),4 men teachers ,6 bus lines(只变最后一词)动词 (1)动词变化三大黄金法则:主谓一致 ,就近一致, 双动词关系 主谓一致:谓语动词跟着主语发生变化 第三人称单数现象(集体名词做主语) Our class are playing football now (与人有关的动作) Our class is a

8、 small one (整体) 主谓一致之就近一致(必考) : There be 句型、 Either or、 Neither.nor. 、not only.but also. Not only they but also I am wrong. 时态一致:从句与主句时态一致 He said he had been there for an hour. He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态) He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误,应改为一般现在时态) 时态一致

9、之时态变异(必考) : A瞬间动词的-ing 形式表将来 The plane is taking off in an hour. The old man is dying.(将要死了) B条件状语从句:一般现在时表将来 I dont know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you. I will ring you as soon as I finish my work. I wont go out until my homework is done. 典型考题: AI will go swimming. BIf you g

10、o, so will I. 双动词关系:单句中,若有两个动词(be 动词,行为动词,不包括助动词) ,他们的关系有四种: and 连接连接两个动词动作先后或并列发生,前后形式一致 有些动词如forget 、remember等词后接 to do表示动作未做,准备做 改为 doing动作正在做或已做 某些动词后改为-ed 形式后一动作被动发生 特例:* 使、让(make ,let, have) 主动不带 to,被动带 to make sb. do /make sb not do/be made to do let sb. do * The teacher asked the students to

11、 stop talking and to listen to her. * I have my car repaired.(我请人修理了我的车。车被人修) I have repaired my car.(我修理了我的车。现在完成时态) I have him repair my car.(我让他修我的车。Have sb. do sth) 动词分类与句型转换 be 动词 am, is, are, was, were 助动词(1)do, does, did帮助行为动词做句型转换 (2)have, has, had will, would, shall, should 帮助表时态 (3)can, ma

12、y, must, need 帮助表情态 行为动词 like, cry, smile.等等(占 99%) 行为动词的所有句型转换均需 do 家族三兄弟 do、does 或 did 帮忙 Be 动词、助动词不需任何帮忙 I dont have lunch at home. Neither do you. (前后主语不一样,Neither do you 主谓倒装) I have been here an hour. So have you. (前后主语不一样,Neither do you 主谓倒装) A I bought a new book ,Tom. B So you did.(I 和 you

13、指同一个人,主谓不倒装) (3) 初中重点动词短语 四个 to 后接ing 形式的短语(to 在该短语中作介词用) prefer doing sth.to doing sth.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. like . better than.-prefer to do sth. be used to doing (习惯于.) used to do (过去通常) be used to do (被用来做.) look forward to doing 盼望 make a contribution to doing 采取措施/为.做贡献 重要短语或相关

14、词 turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down ,take off,land on ,put on, wear, dress, wear out, in red, eat up, sell out, put away, put off 人花费 spend. (in) doing sth 。spend on sth 。pay. for. 。payment 报酬,repay to回复物花费 It takes. to do cost cost 价值 speak in English, say it in English,say a word tell a story/

15、joke, talk about sth.、 talk with sb. 、talk to sb. (4) 表事物特征常用一般现在时 The pen writes well. The music sounds nice. The food tastes nice. The book sells well.形容词、副词 (1)比较 A=B as +原形+ as / not as (so). +原形+. as. AB more.than.比较级标志词than A B less.than. 最高级 典型标志词:in ,of , among 最高级和比较级的转换: The Changjiang Riv

16、er is the longest river in China. The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. The Changjiang River is longer than any river in India. AB 用比较级解释句子 This food isnt so delicious as that food. This food is less delicious than this food. 或 That food is more delicious than this food. 必须掌握

17、的修饰比较级的四个词: much, a little, even, far He is much taller than Tom. 比较级、最高级的不规则变化: 口诀:两病两多并两好,距离老远少迟到 bad/badly/ill : worse worst much/many : more most good/well : better best far : farther farthest-further furthest old : older oldest- elder eldest little :less least后接形容词的动词 be 动词 感官动词:look taste smel

18、l feel sound 使和让: make let 变与不变: get go change turn keep remain He looks tired The food tastes nice so it sells well. 特殊句型:比较级 and 比较级.“越来越.” more and more 越来越多 He is growing taller and taller. The +比较级,the +比较级.“越.越.” The sooner you come, the earlier we would arrive. She cant be more beautiful!(她漂亮

19、极了。 ) I have never seen a more beautiful girl! She cant help crying.(cant help doing 忍不住) She cant wait to open the box.(cant wait to do 迫不及待) 数词 分数 three sixths= 3/6 three and three is six 3+3=6 I want a few more.还要一点 once more. 再来一遍 two books more 再来两本书 a quarter =1/4 three quarters / three fourth

20、s = 3/4 200 个 two hundred 几百个:hundreds of代词 介词/代词宾格形式 all of us,each of them 反身代词: help yourself to ., Tom. /help yourselves to., boys. /I study for myself.宾语与主语指向一致,用反身代词 物主代词: yours = your book Thank you = Thanks * something nice/ something else * another 是 an other 的缩写 others = other books one. t

21、he other. I have two books. One is old, the other is new.(总数为 2 ,2-1=1 ,后面的数量为准确的 1) 20. the others. There are forty people in the room. Ten of them are Young, the others are old. (总数准确,20-10=10,后面的数量也为准确且超过 1) some. others. There are a lot of people in the room. Some are Young, others are old. (总数不

22、准确,后面的数量也为不准确) 不定代词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数 eg. Is everyone here No, they arent. some water 一些水 someone 某个人 sometimes的意思是“有时”,是副词(相当与at times,和always,often,usually等词用法相同) sometime也是副词,意思是“在某个时候”。可用于一般过去时与将来时(不定代词,和somebody等一样). some time是名词短语,它的意思是“一段时间”(time是不可数名词,后面不加s)。some times也是一个名词短语,time在这里用作可数名词,意思是

23、“次数”。 掌握技巧: (1)few 和little 的区别:有就是有,没有就是没有,few 修饰可数名词复数,little修饰不可数名词。带有a表示有一些,肯定 a few books 有一些书 few books 没有书 a little water 一些水 little water 没有水 记:few fewerfewest littlelessleast(2)too much(太多,常修饰不可数名词 ) too many(太多 常修饰可数名词复数 ) much too(太多,常修饰形容词或放动词后面 ) many too(错误书写) 把前面的词划掉,后面的接什么,合起来就可以接什么 (

24、3) 英语的“两个与三个” 两个都both(作主谓用复) 两个都不neither(作主谓用单) 两者中任何一个either 三个都all 三者中任何一个any 两者之间between 三者之间among (4)也 either ,too,also,as well as . eg.You like English,I like it,too. You arent right, Im not, either. He can also swim. He as well as you is late. (注意非 and 连接,根据主语 He 决定谓语动词形式) (5)宾语从句:动词+w/h疑问词 +

25、主 + 谓( 宾语从句一般不用疑问语气(疑问词放在从句句首,但主谓不倒装) 正:He asked me where I had been the day before. 误:He asked me where had I been the day before. 此类宾语从句也可以替换成:动词+w/h疑问词+to do.(6)语交际三大原则: 学会道谢;学会道歉;学会欣赏和同情。礼貌原则 学会道谢别人帮了忙, 要感谢; 别人没帮上忙, 也要感谢, 如说 “Thank you all the same” ;受到别人的称赞,也要感谢。 学会道歉没帮上别人的忙,要道歉;弄错了,要道歉。 学会表示祝福

26、、欣赏和同情别人干得好,要给与赞扬;别人开始干某事,要给与 祝福;别人遇到不幸的事,要表示同情,如“I am sorry to hear that” 。 (7)How 和 what 引导的感叹句: How形容词/副词主语谓语!(主谓可省略)Whata/an形容词可数名词(单数)主语谓语!(主谓可省)What形容词可数名词复数(或不可数名词)主语谓语!注意:What感叹不可数名词时,名词前面不能加不定冠词a/an 。eg. What a good news it is!类似的有:What bad weather! What hard work! What delicious food!等(8)

27、there be 句型就近一致原则,与 have 表示“有”的区别。 There be 句型不能同时和have一起使用。Eg.There is going to be a basketball game here tomorrow.(9)三大从句 名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句)可用“什么”代替 诀窍:缺啥补啥,啥都不缺填 that 从句为疑问,基本语序为:8w,8h,if 或 whether+主语+谓语 定语从句起限定作用,可用“哪一个”之类的词代替 先行词+连接词+句子 连接词:没有 what 状语从句叙述事件发生的时间、地点、原因、目的等背景因素单项选择做题要点:先看选项,认清

28、是什么考点,考什语法点或知识点;再读题进行 斟酌。做题速度 2 题/分钟。 完型填空(先通读文章后填选项) 二. 完型填空(先通读文章后填选项) 此类文章词汇一般较简单。认真琢磨第一段第一句话的大意。弄清全文何时、 何地、 何人、何事四大要素之后才填选项。若考语法,则应用语法知识。 切忌未通读文章前边看边填。注意上下文的关联,尤其注意 文中 so、 and、 but 等连词透漏出的答案信息。 阅读理解(先看选项,再在原文找答案) 三. 阅读理解(先看选项,再在原文找答案) A、B 两篇,不能失分 划出文章中的重点句子 C、篇,拔高篇 划出考题中的对应词 有疑问的地方作好标记以便回头检查 实 在

29、 是 看 不 懂 原 文 , 就 采 取 蒙 的 办 法 选 择 所 有 最 长 的 选 项 ( 正 确 率 在 40%80%) 。 四. 完成句子 读原句识别考点 识别考点书写时注意动词的三大黄金法则: A 类 初中重点句型的对应 (1) What do you think of . How do you like. -How do you feel about(2) What is it like How is it (3) Spend doing sthspend On sth.sth. cost sb. It take sb.to dopay .for (4) more than no

30、t as. as . less than. not so/as.as (5) 最高级比较级 (6) too .+adj.+. to not+相反adj.+enough to so .+adj.+that cant. (7) so good a book such a good book (8) hear from receive letters from (9) be afraid of doing be afraid to do(10)Its time for sth.Its time to do sth. (11)prefer doing to doing prefer to do rat

31、her than dolike . better than (12)have a good time enjoy oneselfhave fun (13)形式主语it+ 谓语+ adj +to do sth :To learn English is very important. It 代替作形式主语 It is very important to learn English . 形式宾语的句子 主语 +谓语+ it +adj +to do sth. :I think it very important that we take part in the discussion.(make,thi

32、nk,feel,find) (14)What is wrong with you What is the matter with you (15)be busy doing sth. be busy with sth. (16)What a good book it is!How good the book is! (17)Why not go with us Why dont you go with us (18)Hurry up, or youll be lateIf you dont hurry up, youll. (19)borrow from lend to (20)间接引语变直接

33、引语: “一主二宾三不变” B类 单句复合句 (1) not.until (2) both.and .neither .nor . not only.but also. (3) What to do how to do it I dont know what I should do. =I dont know what to do. =I dont know how to do it. C 类 句意解释 He is the same height as me. He is as tall as me. He founded the company He is the founder of th

34、e company. 五.作文 六. 听力. 加大词汇和句型基础,一定要熟练。答题前快速看完相关选项。2014 中考英语重点语法汇总 (一) 、动词+介词 1look at看,look like 看上去像,look for 寻找 look through 浏览 look after 照料 2listen to听 3welcome to欢迎到 4say hello to 向问好 5speak to对说话 6.get over 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。如: This is my new bike. Please look it after

35、.() This is my new bike. Please look after it.() ( 二)、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类: A动词(vt.)+副词 1put on 穿上 2take off 脱下 3write down 记下 此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能 放在副词的前面。试比较: First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. () First listen to the answer, then write

36、down it.() First listen to the answer, then write it down.() B动词(vi)+副词。 1come on 赶快 2get up 起床 3go home 回家 4come in 进来 5sit down 坐下 6stand up 起立 此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。 (三)、其它类动词词组 1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9

37、.watch TV/games 10. play games 介词短语聚焦“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将 Units l-16 常用的介词短语按用 法进行归类。 1in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着。如:in English,in the hat 2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade 等,表示“在排/队/班级/年级”等。 3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。 4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。 5i

38、n the tree 表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree 表示“在树上(为树本身所 有)”。如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 6in the wall 表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall 表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。 如:Therere four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无

39、the。 8at + 时刻表示钟点。如:at six, at half , past ten. 9like this/that 表示方式,意为“像这/那样”。 10of 短语表示所属关系。如:a picture of a classroom, a map of China. 11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。如:beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree. 12from 与 to 多表示方向,前者意为“从”,后者意为“到”。如:from one to ten, (go) to school/ b

40、ed/ work.另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike 等。 重点句型大回放 1I think意为“我认为”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常 用 I dont think,如:I think hes Mr Zhang. (L17)I dont think you are right. 2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把给”,动词 give 之后可接双宾语,可用这 两

41、种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用 give it/ them to sb. 如: His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57) 3take sb./ sth. to意为“把(送)带到”,后常接地点,也可接人。如: Please take the new books to the classroom. 4One, the other/One isand one is意为“一个是;另一个是”,必须是两 者中。如:One is red and o

42、ne is grey.(L50)或 One is red, the other is grey. 5Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带 to 的动词不定式,其否定式为 Dont let sb,do sth.,或 Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Lets 与 Let us 的含义不完全相同,前者包括听 者在内,后者不包括听者在内,如:Lets go for a walk./Let us try once more, please. 6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作

43、宾补,后 者用介词短语作宾补, 二者可以互换。 Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it. 如: 7What about?/How about?意为“怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意 见、 看法等。 about 为介词, 其后须接名词、 代词或 V-ing 等形式。 What/How playing chess 如: 8Its time to do/ Its time for sth. 意为“该做的时间了”,其中 to 后须接原形动词, for 后可接名词或 V-ing 形式。如:Its time to have sup

44、per. =Its time for supper. 9 like to do sth./like doing sth.意为 “喜欢做某事” 如: Lei and his friends like to play in the , Li tree house. (L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,试 比较: Tom likes swimming, but doesnt like to swim this afternoon. 10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中 ask sb.后应接动词不定式,如: Ask

45、 your friends to guess what is in it. (L44) 11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第 2 点。 如: Show your friend your family photo.(L36)/Show your family photo to your friend. 12 introduce sb. to sb. 意为 “把某人介绍给另一人” introduce to sb.则是 ; “向某人作介绍” 。 如:Introduce your family to her.重点短语快速复习

46、X k B 1 . c o m1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. eitheror或者或者,不是就是 3. neithernor既不也不 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因而著名 8. on ones way to 在途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital 生病住院 10. at the end of 在的尽头,在的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make on

47、es way to往(艰难地)走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先,第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室 23. at the head of在的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢,抛散 26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take ones temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as 一就 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stopfrom doing sth. 阻止干某事36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again 再三地,反复地 38.

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