1、小学英语音标学习1) 单元音 i 发音组合:i代表单词:sit bit kick pick e 发音组合:e ea a 代表单词:pen egg best bread heaven many 发音组合:a代表单词:cap map bad 发音组合:u o代表单词:up cup but monk onion 发音组合:o代表单词:hot not u 发音组合:oo u ou代表单词:foot good pull full should would 发音组合:a er or代表单词:appear again alike teacher mother brother actor monitor i:
2、 发音组合:e ee ea ie ei代表单词:me he we bee feel deep seat beat leadchief believe achieve receive : 发音组合:ar ear al代表单词:far dark farm heart half: 发音组合:al oo aw ou ore au or ar代表单词:talk ball door floor law sawbought thought before ignore caught naughty force born warnu: 发音组合:o oo ou u代表单词:food fool shoot tom
3、b group blue clue二、辅音部分:p 发音组合:p代表单词:pay put speed spendt 发音组合:t代表单词:tea tip meetk 发音组合:c k ck代表单词:cake car can kite sky pick backf 发音组合:f ph代表单词:five life fat photo telephone发音组合:th代表单词:think teeth thank both mouths 发音组合:s c代表单词:seem set say face race ice price 发音组合:sh s ss ch代表单词:ship fish sure as
4、sure machineh 发音组合:h wh代表单词:hot home hate wholeb 发音组合:b代表单词:bird big bagd 发音组合:d代表单词:do did deer bedg 发音组合:g代表单词:go gap bag v 发音组合:v代表单词:vote very leave 发音组合:th代表单词:this then thoughz 发音组合:z s代表单词:prize raise eyes 发音组合:s代表单词:pleasure usualm 发音组合:m代表单词:some come mother: 发音组合:or ir er ur ear代表单词:work w
5、orm bird dirty term burn surf learn2) 双元音ei 发音组合:ei a ai ay代表单词:eight cake lake makepaid main day mayai 发音组合:y i uy代表单词:cry my bike time kite buy guyi 发音组合:oy oi代表单词:boy toy noise voice coini 发音组合:eer ear ere代表单词:beer deer hear near here 发音组合:air ear are ere代表单词:hair fair chair bear swear dare hare
6、thereu 发音组合:oor our代表单词:poor touru 发音组合:o ow oa代表单词:host nose cope own low boat coa tau发音组合:ou ow代表单词:house out sound town nown 发音组合:n代表单词:note no gun 发音组合:ng n代表单词:king thing ink tankl 发音组合:l代表单词:late let tell dealr 发音组合:r wr代表单词:rice right free write wrongj 发音组合:y 代表单词:year yes you w 发音组合:w wh代表单词
7、:wait will wheel what when 发音组合:ch代表单词:cheap catch watch 发音组合:j g dg代表单词:jeep joke change judgedr 发音组合:dr代表单词:dream drawtr 发音组合:tr代表单词:tree trip treatts 发音组合:ts代表单词:sits parentsdz 发音组合:ds代表单词:needs spends元音字母:a e i o u 辅音字母:b d g v r z n p m t c (k g) f s h j x l 半元音字母:w y开音节1、相对开音节:辅音+单个元音+单个辅音(r除外
8、)+不发音的e” 即“元”+“辅(除r)”+“e”例如:exer-cise, satel-lite,name, these, bike, home, excuse, like,ape,ice . 这个元音字母发它本身的音。如:name, fine。2、绝对开音节:一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。也就是“辅音+元音”的结构。例如:al-so ze-ro pho-to no she he we . 这个元音字母发它本身的音。总结来说就是:开音节包括绝对开音节和相对开音节。其中,以一个发字母本身音的元音字母结尾的重读 音节叫绝对开音节wewi:; 以一个元音字母+r除外的辅音字母+不发音的e结尾,元音字
9、母发本身音,这种重读音节叫相对开音节nameneim闭音节什么叫闭音节:元音+辅音或辅音+元音+辅音。单个元音字母后面有辅音字母组成(r w y 除外),且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。例如:bag begin fish not cup重读闭音节:一个单词的元音字母不发它的字母音,以一个辅音音节而且是重读音节结尾,即两个辅音中间夹一个元音。如:sit-sitting begin-beginning put-putting swim-swimming重读闭音节改变时态时要双写词尾,同时最后只有一个辅音字母,元音字母发短元音。举两个很经典的例子:forbid-forbidding (重读闭音节,双写)
10、prohibit-prohibiting (重读在第二音节,非重读闭音节,不双写)travel-travelled(traveled)(重读在第二音节,但是次重读在第一音节,重读闭音节或非重读闭音节两者兼可,所以可双写或不双写)总结特点开音节特点1)以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。例:be,he。结构:辅音+一个元音2)以辅音字母(r .w.y 除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。例:make,like,cake。结构:辅音+一个元音+一个或几个辅音+不发音的e闭音节特点以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节,称为闭音节。例:map,desk,is。在重读的闭音节中元音字母读作
11、短元音。元音字母开音节和闭音节中的读音a在开音节中einame,plane,Jane,baby,cake在闭音节中bag,dad,hat,map,black,backe在开音节中i:he,these,me,Chinese在闭音节中ebed,let,pen,desk,yes,eggi在开音节中aibike,drive,time,nice,kite在闭音节中ifish,big,drink,sit,milk,swimo在开音节中uthose,close,go,hoe,home,no在闭音节中clock,not,box,shop,socku在开音节中i.ju:student,excuse,duty,T
12、uesdayii.元音字母u在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时读u:音,例如:June,blue,ruler,super。在闭音节中bus,cup,jump,much,lunch元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音a在w音后面want,what,watch,wash,quality在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th前:after,plant,graph,ask,grasp,glass,fast,fatheri在-nd,-ld和gh前aifind,child,light,higho在-st,-ld前umost,postcard,old,cold在m,n,v,th前come,monkey,love
13、,mother元音字母在非重读音节中的读音aChina,another,woman,breakfast,orange,comrade,village,cabbage动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读ei音,例如:operate,a处在开音节位置ehundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,pocket,begin,childreniiholiday,beautiful,family,animalaiexercise,satelliteosecond,tonight,somebody,welcomeualso,zero,photouautumn,difficultj
14、u:popular,congratulation,January在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读u或u:音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读的音,也可以读i的音。-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音ar:car,farm,dark,sharpener在w音后面:warm,quarter,towardsor:forty morning short:word worker worseer,ir,ur:certainlybirdThursday注:辅音字母r双写时,前面的 元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读
15、闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。-r音节在非重读音节中通常读音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音arecare,dare,hareereihere,mere,ereireaifire,hire,wireore:more,score,beforeurejupure,cure-recentre,fibre,titre,saltpetre注are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读音,例如:picture,pleasure。重读元音字母加r,再加非重
16、读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读r音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。元音字组在重读音节中的读音ai,ayeiafraid,rain,wait,day,playairair,hair,chair,pair,repairal在l,k前:small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,:always,also,salt,almost在f,m前:half,calmau,aw:autumn,daughte
17、r,draweai:teach,easy,cheap,pleaseeheavy,bread,sweater,weathereibreak,greatearihear,dear,near,clear,yearbear,pear,wear,swear:earth,learn,earlyeei:jeep,week,green,threeeeripioneer,deer,beerei,eyeieight,neighbour,theyi:seize,keyeu,ew在j,l,r,s后ju:new,few,newspaperu:flew,brew,jewelryie,eis音之后i:piece,field
18、,receiveoaucoat,Joan,boat,goaloar,oor:roar,board,door,flooroi,oyinoise,point,boy,toiletoou:broom,food,tooth,school,book,look,cook,foot,goodou,owauflower,house,count,downuknow,row,throw,thoughyoung,country,enoughu:group,you,soupour: course,your,fourauour,hour,sour:journeyouluwould,should,could(主要是情态动
19、词、助动词)ui在j,l,r,s后ju:ifluid,suicide,tuitionu:juice,fruit,suit非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音ai,ay,ei,eyiSunday,foreign,monkeyowuyellow,sparrow,tomorrow注:元音字组在非重读音节中通常读音或i音。例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour-sion,-tionnimpression,nation在元音字母后nvision,decision,occasion在s后tnquestion,suggestion-stensnlisten-stle
20、swhistle-surepleasure,measure-turetpicture,culture元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everydayei,handbag,blackboard:。有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:sun(太阳)+dayei(日子)=Sunday(星期天);holy(神圣)+dayei(日子)=holidayi(假日):break(中断)+fast:(斋戒)=breakfast(早餐)
21、;cup(茶杯)+board:(木板)=cupboard(碗柜)。辅字组的读音bb bike,bus,bag不发bomb,tombc在e前或在i,y前sface,decide,cinema其他情况kcake,picture,coat,musictcellochtmuch,chick,rich,teacherkschool,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词)machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词)-ckkcock,pocket,black,knockczt Czechdddoctor,bread,hand,day-dg(e)dbridge,fridgedr-d
22、rchildren,driver,drinkdsdzhands(主要用于可数名词复数)fffive,four,breakfastggbag,garden,godorange,large,Germangenre,massageghfcough,enough不发light,daughter,highgu-,-guegguess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)gwlanguage,anguishhhhot,head,house,hand不发hour,honestjdjeep,jar,joke,join,JuneJacques(用于法国人名hJuanita(用于西班牙人名)k
23、kkind,bike,skate,make,weekkn-nknife,know,knocklllife,lead,lot(出现在元音前面)milk,school,tall出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前,也可出现在辅音后(词尾)mmmonkey,come-mnmautumn,column,solemnnnnot,shine,ten,note在k,g音前uncle,thank,hungry-ngmorning,young,wrongpppaper,plane,pig,ship,penphfelephant,photo,telephone,graphqkIraqqu-kwquality,quit
24、errred,rubber,rulerrz Zabrze(扎布热)s在词首、清辅音前ssit,sleep,desk元音字母间或浊辅音前zmusic,husbandsc-skscarletsmuscle,sciencesch-schedule英edju:l,美skedulshshe,fish,shirt,washttten,letter,meet在弱读字母ia,ie,io前patient,nationtchtwatchththin,thirty,methodthe,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠词、代词、介词、连词中,以及在词尾-the,-the
25、r中tr-trtree,train,country,truckts,tztsTsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用于可数名词复数)quartz,Hertz英h:z,美h:rts(用于德国人名)vvvery,voice,love,leavewwweek,win,wake,sweet,wait不发answer,two,swordwh-wwhat,when,white,why在字母o前hwho,whose,wholewr-rwritex在重读元音前ksbox,text,exercisegzexample,exist,exactzxylophoneyjyes,yard,yellow,youngzzpuzzle,zero,zooazuretspizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词)zh zhoosh英语共有48个音素,其中元音20个,辅音28个.元音分为单元音和双元音.辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音.元音部分:
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