1、【英语】中考英语总复习-定语从句及解析一、定语从句1Everyone _ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.AwhyBwhoseCwhoDwhich【答案】C【解析】【分析】【考点定位】:考查定语从句。【详解】试题分析:句意:去过上海的每个人都说它是一个现代化的城市。why为什么;whose谁的;who谁,可以引导定语从句,主语是人;which哪一个,可以引导定语从句,先行词指物。根据句意可知,这里考查的是定语从句,先行词是Everyone,指代人,根据句意可知选C。2One is filled with knowledge alway
2、s behaves with elegance(优雅).AwhichBwhoChowDwhat【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:一个学识渊博的人总是举止优雅。考查关系代词。A. which关系代词,引导定语从句时,指代物;B. who关系代词,引导定语从句时,指代人;C. how关系副词;D. what不能引导定语从句。根据One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance(优雅).可知,先行词one指代人,所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句,同时在定语从句中作主语,结合选项可知B选项符合题意,故答案选B。3I will n
3、ever forget the people and the things_ I saw on the Great Wall.AwhoBwhichCwhomDthat【答案】D【解析】句意:我永远不会忘记我在长城看到的人和事。本句考察定语从句的关系词。A. who关系词,先行词为人;B. which关系词,先行词为物;C. whom关系词,先行词为人,在句中作宾语; D. that关系词,先行词为人或物。在定语从句中,当先行词既指人也指物时,如:the people and the things,关系词采用that。故选D。4(江苏省淮安市2015年中考英语试)- What are you d
4、oing? -Im reading the book _you lent me last week.AwhatBwhoCwhenDthat【答案】D【解析】【分析】考点:考查关系代词。【详解】试题分析:句意:-你在做什么?-我正在读你上周借给我的书。what 什么,不引导定语从句;who谁,先行词是人;when什么时候,先行词是时间;that那个,先行词是人或物。根据句意可知,这里是一个定语从句,修饰前面的名词the book,指物,故应选D。5Jack likes being with the classmates _ are outgoing and kind.AwhereBwhichCw
5、henDwho【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:杰克喜欢和性格开朗、和蔼可亲的同学在一起。A. where在哪;B. which哪个;C. when何时;D. who谁。这里是定语从句,先行词是the classmates是名词,表示人,关系词用who。根据题意,故选D。6What are you looking for?Im looking for the storybook you lent to me last week.AwhoBwhichCwhen【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意“-你正在找什么?-我正在找你上周借给我的故事书”。本题考查定语从句。A.who指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;B
6、.which指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;C.when表示时间,在从句中作状语。本句话中,先行词为the storybook,指物,且在从句中作宾语,故选B。【点睛】做定语从句时,可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词,要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分,从而做出正确的判断。7Tomorrow is Fathers Day. Whats your surprise for your father? The first thing_ I will do is to make a card for him.AwhoBwhereCwhoseDthat【答案】D【解析】【详解
7、】句意: 明天就是父亲节了。你想给你的父亲什么样的惊喜? 我要做的第一件事就是为他做一张卡片。A. who谁;B. where哪里;C. whose谁的;D. that用来引出从句。当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时,引导词用that来引导。空前面的先行词是The first thing,是序数词,因此本题的引导词应该用that。故选D。8Do you know the boy over there?The one is holding a ball? Oh, thats my neighbor Phil.AwhatBwhichCwhoD不填【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意: 你认识那边那个男孩
8、吗? 那个拿着球的人?哦,他是我的邻居菲尔。本题考查定语从句。A. what什么;B. which哪一个;C. who谁。what引导的是主语,表语和宾语从句。what不能引导定语从句。因为定语从句是形容词性质的。而what所引导的是名词性从句。两者结构不同。所以排除A;分析句子The one is holding a ball? 的结构可知,本题缺少的是主语,且关系词在定语从句中做主语,不能省略。故选项D不对;我们知道:who 的先行词是人,which的先行词是物。本题的The one是指上文的the boy over there,指人的先行词,因此应该用who来引导。故选C。9Ill ne
9、ver forget the story _.Athat cheers me upBwho cheers me upCwhat cheers me up【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:我将永远不会忘记那个使我振作起来的故事。that cheers me up使我振作起来;who cheers me up使我振作起来的人;what cheers me up使我振作起来的。根据句子结构可知,该空应该是一个定语从句,修饰空前的名词the story,指物,故B不对,who引导的定语从句,先行词应该是人;C选项中what不能引导定语从句,也不对。故应选A。10Sitting down after a
10、walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat_tell you your weight?A/BwhoCwhomDthat【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:散步后坐下来很令人放松。但是你愿意坐在一个能告诉你体重的座位上吗?考查关系词辨析。本句是定语从句,who和whom用于先行词是人时,前者多做主语(也可做宾语),后者只做宾语;that指人或物,可省略。本句先行词seat是物,可排除BD两项;引导词做从句的主语,that不可省略,故选D。11On Monday April 15, 2019, the fire_broke out in
11、Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the worldAthatBwhoCwhere【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:2019年4月15日,周一,巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。A. that先行词是人或物,B. who先行词是人;C. where先行词是地点名词。本句先行词是 fire,指物,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词用which/that。故答案为A。【点睛】在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who, whom,
12、 that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。3)
13、which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用,例如:Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。12Hey, Anna. Would you like to see The White Storm with me?You mean, the new police story _was filmed b
14、y Chen Musheng?AwhoBwhatCwhoseDwhich【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句引导词辨析。句意:嘿,安娜。你愿意和我去看电影白色风暴吗?你的意思是由陈木胜拍摄的新警察故事?定语从句的先行词story是物,关系代词在句中做主语,所以引导词用which,故选D。【点睛】关于定语从句中的关系词的用法: 关系代词who 指人,在定语从句中作主语;whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语;whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语;which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语;that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语; 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,
15、可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面, 先行词既是人也是物的时候,关系代词用that。13Have you heard of the Huawei Company?Sure, its one of the _ companies _ make us Chinese proud.Agreat; whichBgreater; whichCgreatest; that【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:你听说过华为公司吗?当然,它是使我们中国人感到骄傲的最棒的公司之一。great伟大的;greater比
16、较伟大的,是比较级;greatest最伟大的,形容词最高级;which关系代词,可以引导定语从句,先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;that也是关系代词,先行词为人或物,引导定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语。第一个空考查句型one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数,表示“最的之一”,故排除A和B,应选C。第二个空是that引导的定语从句,在从句中作主语。14-How do you like the Sun Island?Is it worth visiting? -Sure. Its one of the best places I have ever been to.AwhichBtha
17、tCwho【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:-你觉得太阳岛怎么样?值得一游吗?-当然。这是我去过的最好的地方之一。考查定语从句引导词。本句先行词places是物,引导词在定语从句中作宾语,可知用that或which引导此定语从句,但先行词有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导此定语从句。故选B。【点睛】定语从句是用作定语的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。引导定语从句的词叫引导词,引导词分为关系代词(that/who/whom/which/whose)和关系副词(when/where/why)。引导词连接先行词和定语从句,在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关
18、系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。先行词是物时,用that或which引导定语从句;当先行词是人时,用who或that引导定语从句。(一)、当先行词是物时,只用that的情况:1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。3.当先行词本身是all的,用that.(all that=what).(that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略)4.先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything, thing等不定代词时,用that。5.当先行词前有all, much, little, many, (a) fe
19、w, every, some, any, no, only, the very, one of, the only, the last, the next等修饰语时。(二)、先行词既有人又有物时,或当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时,用that引导以避免混淆。7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时,用that。15The movie _ we saw last night was fantastic.AthatBwhatCwhoseDWho【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:我们昨晚看的那场电影好极了。考查定语从句引导词。本句定句从句的先行词The movie是物,并且关系代词在定语从
20、句中作宾语,可知使用关系代词that或which;故选A。16_ wants to go to the park this weekend, raise your hands, please.AAnyone whoBThose whoCAnyoneDWho【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:这个周末想去公园的人请举手。此句考查定语从句。先行词是anyone定语从句中缺少主语,用who引导定语从句,B项错在因为先行词是those,who引导的定语从句中应该是复数谓语,C项缺少关系代词who,D项who只能表示疑问,“谁”,不符合句意:选A。考点:考查定语从句。17(河南省2015年中考英语试题)W
21、hy dont you like fishing? Fishing is a hobby needs much patience, but Im not patient at all.AwhoBthatCitDwhat【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?钓鱼的爱好需要很大的耐心,但我根本没有耐心。考查定语从句的用法。who谁;that那;it它;what什么。先行词a hobby是物,在定语从句中作主语, 可知用关系代词that或which引导此定语从句,结合选项可知选B。18 What kind of musicians do you like? I like musicia
22、ns can write their own lyrics.A which B who C whom【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:-你喜欢哪类音乐人?我喜欢那种能自己写词的音乐人。指人,在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词who引导定语从句,故选B。考点:考查代词的用法。19Carla cant stand the boy _ often plays jokes on her in front of the whole class.AwhichBwhoCwhatDwhom【答案】B【解析】句意:Carla无法忍受那个经常在全班面前取笑她的那个男孩。which引导定语从句,修饰事物,作主语或宾语
23、;who引导定语从句修饰人,作主语或宾语;what引导名词性从句,作主语或宾语;whom引导定语从句,修饰人,作宾语。此处先行词boy表示人,在定语从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句。故选B。20The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.AwhatBwhoseCwhoDwhich【答案】C【解析】句意:昨天我们见到的那位年轻的女士是我们的新数学老师。这里是定语从句,先行词是The young lady,这里关系词用who,在定语从句中做宾语,根据题意,故选C。21(题文)There will be a flower
24、show in the park _ we visited last week.Awho BwhenCwhat Dwhich【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:在我们上周参观的那个公园里有一个花展。修饰先行词the park的定语从句中,谓语动词visited后缺少宾语,故用代词which。故选D。考点:考查定语从句。22I still remember the mountain schools and teachers _ we visited last year.AwhereBwhoCthatDwhich【答案】C【解析】句意:我仍然记得我们去年参观过的山区学校和老师们。根据句意可知,这里是
25、一个定语从句。where引导定语从句时,先行词是地点,where在从句中作地点状语;who 引导定语从句时,先行词是人;which引导定语从句时,先行词是物。从句先行词是the mountain and the teachers,既有人,也有物,这时定语从句的关联词应该使用that,在从句中作visited的宾语,故答案选C。 点睛:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, w
26、hen, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。关系代词在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语;关系副词在定语从句中做状语。23Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。24 I saw the dog along with a girl _was the only guide dog in
27、our city.AwhoBwhichCwhomDWhat【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:我看见这个女孩和我们城市的唯一的一条导盲犬在一起。A.who谁;B. which 哪一个;C. Whom谁;D. What什么。本题考查定语从句的用法,由于先行词物。结合句意,故选B考点:考查定语从句。25The young man _ is a friend of mine.Awho I had a talk Bwhom I had a talk withCwhom I had a talk Dwhich I had a talk with【答案】B【解析】句意:和我交谈的那个年轻人是我的一个朋友。短
28、语have a talk with sb和某人交谈;空格处是定语从句,先行词 man是指人的,关系词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,故选B。26 The TV show Running Man is popular recently. Yes. It is the only program _ I watched this month.AwhoBwhenCwhereDthat【答案】D【解析】句意:电视节目奔跑吧,兄弟最近非常受欢迎。是的。它是这个月我唯一看过的节目。修饰先行词program的定语从句中动词watched缺少主语,故用代词that,故选D。27Do you know the
29、first man _ is talking to our teacher ?AwhomBwhoCthatDwhich【答案】C【解析】句意:你认识和我们老师谈话的第一个人吗?根据语义可知,本句为限制性定语从句。A. whom关系词,谁,宾格;B. who关系词,谁,主格;C. that关系词,指人或物;D. which关系词,哪一个。本题中the first man为先行词,关系词使用that。在限制性定语从句中, 当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词修饰时,只能用that。故选C。28Tom, could you lend me the book _ you talked about yeste
30、rday?Sure, here you are.AwhichBwhatCwho【答案】A【解析】句意:- 汤姆,你能借给我你昨天谈到的那本书吗?-当然了,给你。A.哪个B.什么C.谁,本题考查定语从句的关系代词,you talked about yesterday 部分使用来修饰“book”的,描述这本书是“你昨天谈到的”那本书,所以是book的定语从句,先行词book在定语从句中做宾语(做talk about的宾语),故选用关系代词that/which,故选A。29The photos successfully show the rich culture _makes Shiyan so f
31、amous.AwhatBwhichCwhoDwhy【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:这些照片成功地展示了使十堰非常出名的丰富文化氛围。A. what不能作为定语从句的连接词;B. which先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;C. who先行词是人,在定语从句中作主语;D. why引导定语从句时,在句中作原因状语。本句先行词是culture,指物,引导定语从句的关联词只能用which,故答案为B。【点睛】在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who, whom,
32、 that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。3)
33、which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用,例如:Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。30Yesterday Li Ming went to the village _ his family lived ten years ago.AwhenBwhichCwhereDthat【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:昨天李明去了他家十年前住的村子。定语从句修饰的先行词是the village,关系词在定语从句中作状语,故where符合题意。答案为C。
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