（精准解析）河北省“五个一名校联盟”2021届高三上学期第一次诊断考试英语试卷.doc

1、河北省“五个一名校联盟”2021届高三第一次诊断考试英语第一部分 听力（共两节）第一节（共5小题）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1Where is the woman speaker now?AIn the bedroom. BIn the living room. CIn the kitchen.2What did the man buy?AGreen tea. BOrange juice. CHot chocolate.3What does the wo

2、man ask the man to do?AMove some boxes. BMake a phone call. CDrive a car.4Where are the speakers most probably?AIn the cafeteria. BIn an office. CIn the womans house.5What are the speakers talking about?AWhich film to watch. BWhether to watch a film. CWhen to watch a film.第二节（共15小题）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独

3、白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6What is the purpose of the mans call?ATo confirm an appointment.BTo cancel an appointment.CTo postpone an appointment.7When will the woman go to the clinic?AOn July 16th. BOn July 20th. COn July

4、 21st.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8How did the man feel about his trip to Florence?AHe hated the crowd everywhere.BHe particularly liked the Italian food.CHe loved everything except for the hotel.9What does the man suggest the woman do?ALearn Italian. BBuy a suitcase. CReserve a hotel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10Who is t

5、he Best Car Design Prize winner?AMr. Giddings. BMs. Miller. CMr. Zarba.11Where is the Hyatt Hotel?AOn the left side of Granville Avenue.BOpposite a department store.CAcross from a bank.12What do we know about the Best Car Design competition?AIt was very fierce.BThere were few competitors.CThe winner

6、 will receive much money.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13Why did Marta quit her first job?AIt was really badly paid.BThe staff were quite unfriendly.CThe boss took no interest in her ideas.14What does Marta find most surprising about the mobile restaurant?AAll is advertised online.BFood is never thrown away.CMen

7、us can be easily changed.15What is the best thing about the mobile restaurant for Marta?ACustomers pay in advance. BShe can work outdoors. CNo waiter is needed.16What brought difficulty to Marta when she did a meal on a beach?AThe sun. BThe wind. CThe rain.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17What can we learn about

8、 the bands music?AIt is nice to hear while eating.BIt is intended for young people.CIt is easy for people to dance to.18How many people are there in the band?ASix. BEight. CTwelve.19How did the speaker get to know the band?AFrom a friend. BFrom a newspaper. CFrom a band member.20Why was the speaker

9、chosen to join the band?AHe was good at playing the guitar.BThey were looking for a singerCThey heard him singing somewhere.第二部分 阅读（共两节）第一节（共15小题）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThere are many places worth visiting in the world. Here are some of the places that almost every person wants to see in t

10、heir life.SantoriniThis is one of the most amazing places in the world. It is said to have been destroyed in the 16th century. It has been rebuilt and its beauty increases with every passing day. There are a lot of islands in Greece and sunbathing on any of these would be an unforgettable experience

11、.The Capilano Suspension BridgeAn amazing place to visit in the world is the Capilano Suspension Bridge. This bridge is located in Vancouver in British Columbia, a province of Canada. Its beauty appeals to visitors from all over the world. Its almost 140 meters long and 70 meters above the river.Rom

12、eAnother beautiful place to visit is the ancient city of Rome in Italy. It is also known as the center of Western civilization. This city was founded in 753 BC. The Colosseum (罗马斗兽场), which is one of the worlds most symbolic monuments, is also in Rome.The Taj MahalIt is also a good choice to visit t

13、he Taj Mahal in India. It is called the monument of love and built to show Mughal Emperor Shah Jehas love for his wife. It is located on the south bank of the Yamuna River. Its ivory-white color attracts many tourists and it is one of the miracles of the Mughal art of building.1. What can visitors d

14、o in Santorini?A. Go sunbathing.B. Visit the monument of love.C. Climb the suspension bridge.D. Experience western civilization.2. To which country does the Capilano Suspension Bridge belong?A. Italy.B. Greece.C. England.D. Canada.3. What do we know about the Taj Mahal from the passage?A. Its roof i

15、s made of ivory.B. It is a typical Mughal style building.C. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah as his tomb.D. It is located on the north bank of the Yamuna River.【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B【解析】这是一篇应用文。世界上有许多值得参观的地方，文章主要介绍了四个旅行目的地的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are a lot of islands in Greece and sunbathing on a

16、ny of these would be an unforgettable experience.(希腊有很多岛屿，在其中任何一个岛屿上进行日光浴都将是一次难忘的经历)”可知，游客在圣托里尼岛可以进行日光浴。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“This bridge is located in Vancouver in British Columbia, a province of Canada.( 这座桥位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华)”可知，卡皮拉诺吊桥属于加拿大。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Its ivory-white color attracts m

17、any tourists and it is one of the miracles of the Mughal art of building.(它象牙白色的颜色吸引了许多游客，它是莫卧儿建筑艺术的奇迹之一)”可知，泰姬陵是一个典型的莫卧儿风格的建筑。故选B。BThe cola wars became a cultural phenomenon. Credit for that goes to Donald Kendall, PepsiCos brilliant former boss, who died on September 19th aged 99. A gifted salesma

18、n, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firms top sales and marketing executive at the young age of 35.Seven years later he was named CEO. In 1974 he invested in the Soviet Union, which allowed Pepsi to become the first Western product to be legally sol

19、d behind the iron curtain. By the time he resigned as boss in 1986, PepsiCos sales had shot up nearly 40 times, to $ 7.6 billion. His legacy continues to shape the industry. Mr. Kendall offered a mix of strategic vision, principled leadership and marketing talent. Two years after taking charge he ac

20、quired Frito-Lay, a leading producer of snacks, giving PepsiCo an advantage of diversity that continues to this day. PepsiCo brought in $ 67 billion last year in sales compared to Coca-Colas $ 37 billion. But his most famous move was the all-out marketing blitz (闪电战) against Coca-Cola, long the glob

21、al market leader in non-alcoholic drinks. The two firms had competed for decades, but they mostly fought low-grade battles. Mr. Kendall changed that, by forcing both companies into an advertising arms race. In 1975 Coca-Cola spent around $ 25 million on advertising and PepsiCo some $18 million. By 1

22、985 those figures had shot up to $ 72 million and $ 57 million, respectively. In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $112 million to $ 82 million. This was a risky strategy for both cola competitors but it paid off by helping non-alcoholic drinks win a greater share of throat. Last year Coca-Cola and PepsiC

23、o remained in the leading position as usual. Also, the cola wars benefited both companies by turning them into the worlds best marketers. Today a decades-long addiction to cut-price quantity growth has been replaced by a focus on income and profits.4. What was Donald Kendalls first position in Pepsi

24、Co?A. CEO.B. A worker.C. A salesman.D. Marketing executive.5. What can we learn about Cola companies from the passage?A. PepsiCo has always been ahead of Coca-cola in sales.B. Coca-Cola preferred low-grade battles to marketing wars.C. Coca-Cola bought a snack firm to enrich its product diversity.D.

25、PepsiCo spent $ 30 million more than Coca-cola in advertising in 1995.6. Why does the author list the figures in the fourth paragraph?A. To prove the success of both Cola companies in advertising products.B. To suggest both Cola companies spent too much money in advertising.C. To describe how PepsiC

26、o got ahead of Coca-Cola in the fierce marketing wars.D. To confirm marketing wars between the Cola companies were a wise move.7. What is the passage mainly about?A. Donald Kendall was to blame for the cola cultural phenomenon.B. Donald Kendall was the most successful boss in PepsiCo history.C. Dona

27、ld Kendall started the cola blitz wars and achieved great success.D. Donald Kendalls marketing strategies benefited both Cola companies.【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了百事可乐杰出的前任老板唐纳德肯德尔利用营销策略，发动可乐大战并取得巨大成功的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his

28、 start on the bottling line to become the firms top sales and marketing executive at the young age of 35”可知，Donald Kendall作为一名有天赋的推销员，他最一开始在生产线上工作，在35岁的时候迅速晋升为公司的销售和营销高管。由此可知，他最一开始是生产线上的一个工人。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $112 million to $ 82 million”可知，1995年百事可乐的支出是1.12亿美元，超

29、过可口可乐是8200万美元。由此推知，百事可乐在1995年在广告上的花费比可口可乐多30万美元。outspend意为“开支比更大，花费超过”。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In 1975 Coca-Cola spent around $ 25 million on advertising and PepsiCo some $18 million. By 1985 those figures had shot up to $ 72 million and $ 57 million, respectively. In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $11

30、2 million to $ 82 million”可知，1975年，可口可乐在广告上花了大约2500万美元，百事可乐花了大约1800万美元。到1985年，这些数字分别上升到7200万美元和5700万美元。1995年百事可乐的支出超过可口可乐1.12亿美元，达到8200万美元。很明显，列举这些数字就是为了说明两家公司为了获取市场，在广告方面的激烈竞争。结合选项，C选项表达此意。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。第一段提到：可乐大战成为了一种文化现象。这要归功于唐纳德肯德尔。二段主要介绍了Donald Kendall对百事可乐公司的巨大贡献。第三段主要介绍肯德尔收购了零食生产商菲多利，使百事可乐公

31、司占据优势。第四段主要介绍肯德尔的全面的营销策略，这使得百事可乐和可口可乐两家公司进入激烈的广告战。最后一段介绍了肯德尔发起的可乐大战带来的影响。因此整篇文章主要介绍了肯德尔发动可乐大战，并获得巨大成功的过程。C选项切题。故选C。CBritain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For more than a decade, several Conservative prime ministers have declare

32、d obesity a national emergency and promised to take thorough action, only to produce disappointing plans that fall far shy of what is required.It should not have taken a disease like Covid-19 to ram home the awful consequences of the UKs obesity. Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diab

33、etes and high blood pressure, is strongly associated with a higher risk of death from Covid-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest Covid death rate in Europe.As the Prime Minister, Boris Johnsons experience of catching the virus and being admitted to ICU has reported

34、ly resulted in a complete change in him, who has previously prided himself on his dislike to an over-controlling state. The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few monthsahead of a possible second wave of infectionsand the lon

35、ger term.This apparent change is welcome, but only if it results in a complete change in the governments approach, which doesnt rely on personal responsibility but on much tougher regulation, as with tobacco and alcohol.There is abundant evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent yea

36、rs report after report, including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer, have called for urgent action. Yet these calls were ignored by Conservative ministers who have seemingly put the food and drink industrys financial interests over the health of the nation.8. What have

37、Conservative prime ministers done with obesity in the past ten years?A. They have denied it is a national emergency.B. They have called for immediate action on it.C. They have taken thorough steps to control it.D. They have made unsatisfying plans to reduce it.9. What does the underlined phrase ram

38、home in the second paragraph probably mean?A. Make people rather tired of.B. Make people fully aware of.C. Make people highly skeptical of.D. Make people deeply ashamed of.10. What will the British government probably do next?A. It will probably issue a new strategy to cut obesity.B. It will probabl

39、y lay less stress on financial interests.C. It will probably set stricter limits on tobacco and alcohol.D. It will probably take action to reduce Covid-19 death rate.11. Whats the best title for the passage?A. Obesity, an Urgent Issue in the UKB. UK, a Country Suffering from Covid-19C. UK, a Country

40、 Ready for a Complete ChangeD. Obesity, a Cause of Highest Covid Death Rate【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国如今的肥胖问题已经成为了英国急需处理的问题，文章介绍了英国政府对这一问题所采取的一些措施和取得的成效。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“For more than a decade, several Conservative prime ministers have declared obesity a national emergency and p

41、romised to take thorough action, only to produce disappointing plans that fall far shy of what is required.(十多年来，几位保守党首相已宣布肥胖问题为国家紧急情况，并承诺采取彻底行动，结果却出台了令人失望的计划，远远达不到所需的目标)”可知，在过去十年里，保守党首相们制定了不令人满意的计划来减少肥胖问题。故选D。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes and high blo

42、od pressure, is strongly associated with a higher risk of death from Covid-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest Covid death rate in Europe.(肥胖以及与之相关的糖尿病和高血压与Covid-19死亡风险较高密切相关，而且毫无疑问将在英国成为欧洲Covid-19死亡率最高的一个因素)”以及“the awful consequences of the UKs obesity”可知，作者认为不应该

43、用Covid-19这样的疾病来让人们充分意识到肥胖的可怕后果，故画线词意思为“使人们充分意识到”。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few monthsahead of a possible second wave of infectionsand the longer term.( 政府预计将于本周制定一项新战略，旨在在未来几个月可能出现第二波感染之前以

44、及更长期内降低肥胖水平)”可推知，英国政府下一步可能会发布一项减少肥胖的新政策。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Britain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).(在经济合作与发展组织中，英国是第六大肥胖国家)”结合文章主要说明了英国如今的肥胖问题已经成为了英国急需处理的问题，文章介绍了英国政府对这一问题所采取的一些措施和取得的成效。可知，A选项“肥胖英国的一个紧迫问题”最符合文章标题，故选A。DRobots

45、are getting better at doing human jobs. Thats probably good for the economybut there are some serious downsides, too.Machines are expected to displace about 20 million manufacturing jobs across the world over the next decade, according to a report released by Oxford Economics, a global forecasting a

46、nd quantitative analysis firm.That means about 8.5% of the global manufacturing workforce could be displaced by robots. The report also notes that the move to robots tends to create new jobs as fast as it automates them; however, it could contribute to income inequality. The use of robots is on the

47、rise: at this point, every new robot that is installed (安装) displaces 1.6 manufacturing workers on average, according to the Oxford Economic model.Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers, in part because of the falling costs of machines. And they are increasingly capable of functioning i

48、n more complex processes and varied contexts. On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising.One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequality. This great displacement will not be evenly distributed around the world, or within countries, according to the report. Our r