（英语）高一英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)及解析.doc

1、【英语】高一英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Sometimes we start a day with the previous day still in mind. We think about the mistakes we made in the previous day, how things went wrong, and how we felt bad about it. No wonder it becomes difficult to focus on the current day. Here are some steps on how t

2、o start your new day fresh: Take time to evaluate your day At the end of a day, take some time to think about it. The purpose of this thinking time is not to regret how bad your day was, how things went wrong, or how people treated you badly. This wont do you any good. Instead, the purpose of this t

3、hinking time is to extract（吸取）lessons which you can bring to the following day. Make a commitment to apply the lessons After you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to apply them. To do so, find some actionable things you can do to apply the lessons. Next, remind yourself to do them. Y

4、ou may write them down if you want to. “Close” your day After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day. You are done with it; dont think about it anymore. Bring only the lessons to the next day and nothing else After you “dose” a day,

5、 you should not bring anything out of it to the next day except for the lessons you extract. Focus on applying the lessons to the present. This way you will be able to start your day fresh without the burden of yesterday.（1）What will happen if we think too much about the past? A.There will be a disa

6、ster.B.There will be good results.C.We wont have a peaceful mind.D.We surely wont finish todays task.（2）When should we draw lessons from the past mistakes? A.At the end of a day.B.When we make mistakes.C.At the beginning of a day.D.When we regret making the mistakes.（3）Why should we extract lessons

7、from the past day? A.To set them down.B.To consider them again.C.To make a better decision.D.To apply them for future use.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D 【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。本文告诉我们不能每天太多地想过去的事，这样会让我们难以把注意力放在当天，文中还告诉我们一些开始新的一天的四个步骤。（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，如果我们每天一开始就想前一天所犯的错误的话我们就很难把注意力放在当前的这一天，那么我们的心情就很难平静下来分析选项可知，C项（我们不会有和

8、平的心态。）符合题意，故答案选C。（2）此题属于细节理解中的语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。根据 “Close” your day中的After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day.：在一天结束前，你花时间思考过去的一天并汲取教训后，这一天就结束了，即在这一天结束时来思考过去的一天并吸取教训。题干When should we d

9、raw lessons from the past mistakes?文章内容After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day. 与At the end of a day相符，故答案选 A。（3）细节理解题。根据Make a commitment to apply the lessons部分中的After you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to a

10、pply them. To do so, find some actionable things you can do to apply the lessons.可知，我们应该从过去吸取教训就是在以后运用。分析选项可知D项（将它们应用于将来）符合题意，故答案选D。【点评】推理题的解题方法 1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。 4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。 6. 结合已有的知识进行推断。2阅读理解 Japan has made a lot of noise in recent year

11、s about removing the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work. So it was shocking when, on August 7th, Tokyo Medical University (TMU), a distinguished medical school, admitted marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class b

12、elow 30%. Their defence was that women are more likely to drop out to marry and have children. To judge female applicants to medical school purely on their academic performance would leave Japan with a shortage of doctors, they said. The admission has caused outrage. Doctoring has long been a male f

13、ield. But it is not the only one. Discrimination is common in banks and trading firms, where stamina (耐力) and loyalty, qualities somehow associated with men, are prized, says Mari Miura, a political scientist at Sophia University. All this embarrasses a government that has promised to make women shi

14、ne. The policy seems based on the need for more workers rather than on genuine concern for women. Shinzo Abe, the prime minister, says he wants to bring millions more women into the workforce to make up for a labour shortfall caused by its ageing and declining population. In the field of politics, t

15、he record under Mr. Abes premiership (首相任期) is disappointing. Just two members of his 20-strong cabinet are women, including Seiko Noda, in charge of womens rights. Ms. Noda, who makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr. Abe in a leadership contest next month, has just published a book called

16、Grab the Future, her public declaration for pulling Japan into line with global standards. She has almost no chance of winning.（1）According to the passage, what has aroused the publics shock and rage in Japan? A.Women being more likely to drop out of school to marry and have children.B.TMU judging f

17、emale applicants to medical school merely on their test score.C.TMU putting a lower grade on female applicants to keep a low percentage of women in each class.D.Japan tending to abandon the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work.（2）What do we know about Seiko Noda?

18、A.She is quite likely to win the leadership contest.B.She never fails to show her ambition in public.C.She is the only female member in Abes cabinet.D.Her newly released book Grab the Future is a bit hit.（3）What does the passage mainly talk about? A.Doctoring has long been a male field in Japan.B.Pr

19、ofessions like banking and trading are tailored to men.C.Shinzo Abe performed poorly in dealing with labour shortfall.D.Discrimination against women in careers in Japan is a big concern.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了最近的日本尤其是医药大学对女性性别的歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“So it was sh

20、ocking when, on August 7th, Tokyo Medical University (TMU), a distinguished medical school, admitted marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%.” 在 8 月 7 日，当声望卓著的医学院东京医科大学承认压低了女性申请者的考试分数，以将每个班级中女生的比例维持在 30%以下时，社会一片哗然。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Ms

21、. Noda, who makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr. Abe in a leadership contest next month, has just published a book called Grab the Future, her public declaration for pulling Japan into line with global standards”可知，野田毫不掩饰她在下个月的竞选中击败安倍的野心。她刚刚还出版了一本名为抓住未来的书，根据她的言行可知，她在公众场合表达自己的雄心，故选B。（3）考查主

22、旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述了最近日本尤其是医药大学对女性性别的歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境，出现了很大的问题。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple eat the same food as they do. Psychologists ha

23、ve discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them. During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advert

24、ised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time. The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in t

25、his relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine foods role in earning trust. In a test, participants were told to watch TV where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bar

26、s to nibble (咬), while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked. The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too. The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is

27、 not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions (交易) from the start.” Harley Street psycholog

28、ist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That me

29、ans negotiations are more likely to be successful.”（1）According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who _. A.has the same taste as themB.advertises his products on TVC.reduces the price of his productsD.pays attention to the quality of his products（2）The experiments c

30、onducted by researchers at Chicago University show that _. A.food plays an important role in earning peoples trustB.bosses like employees that have the same taste as themC.people who have similar tastes to their bosss earn moreD.people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV（3）What ca

31、n be inferred from the passage? A.People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.B.People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things.C.The effect of wearing similar clothes hasnt been proved by researchers.D.People are more likely to make friends with those we

32、aring the same clothes as them.（4）Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory? A.Honesty is the best policy.B.All good things come to an end.C.Birds of a feather flock together.D.Where there is a will, there is a way.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了相

33、似吸引理论在食物上也成立，芝加哥大学研究人员进行的实验表明食物对人的信任起着重要的作用。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar kind of food to them at the time.”可知，顾客很可能从味道相同的经销商那里购买产品。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of

34、 experiments to examine foods role in earning trust.“可知美国Chicago University研究表明食物在赢得人们的信任方面起着重要的作用。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have the common ground and can trust the other p

35、erson. Thai means negotiations are more likely to the successful.”可知，吃相似食物的人更容易信任对方。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据每条谚语的意思A. Honesty is the best policy. “诚实为上策”。B. All good things come to an end. “天下没有不散的筵席”。C. Birds of a feather flock together. “人以群分 物以类聚”。D. Where there is a will, there is a way.“有志者，事竟成”。可知C项符合

36、题意。选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 You can see a sea turtle named Herman, an octopus ( 章鱼) called Octavia, and a seal named Lidia at the Smithsonians National Zoo in Washington, D.C. Rather than real animals, they are actually artworks made out of pla

37、stic trash from the ocean. These artworks are part of a traveling exhibit called Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea. The Washed Ashore project, led by the artist called Pozzi, works to raise awareness about plastic pollution in Earths oceans. More than 315 billion pounds of plastic litter the worlds

38、 oceans today. Most of the plastic is garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that people leave on beaches. Rainwater, winds, and high tides bring the trash into the ocean or into rivers that lead to the ocean. Once it is under the waves, the plastic begins to break up into smaller and small

39、er pieces. Thousands of sea animals die each year from eating plastic bags and other things. Each year, millions more pounds of plastic end up in the ocean. A recent study found that if that continues, by 2050 the total weight of plastic will be more than that of all the fish in the ocean. The Washe

40、d Ashore project is working to stop that from happening. Since 2010, Washed Ashore volunteers have collected 38,000 pounds of plastic trash from more than 300 miles of beaches. They helped Pozzi create more than 60 artworks of sea creatures harmed by plastic pollution. These artworks are a powerful

41、reminder of our personal role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity (生物多样性) on land and in the sea, says Dennis Kelly, director of the National Zoo.（1）What is the purpose of the artworks shown at the Smithsonians National Zoo? A.To let people know about animals in the ocean.B.To intro

42、duce one way of recycling plastic trash.C.To warn people of plastic pollution in the ocean.D.To show Pozzis great gift for creating artworks.（2）According to the passage, what is the source of plastic pollution in the ocean? A.Garbage from towns and cities.B.Trash left on beaches by people.C.Plastic

43、bags broken up by waves.D.Litter created by human activities.（3）The data in Paragraph 5 is given to prove that . A.plastic pollution will be more serious in the oceanB.more and more artworks of sea creatures will be madeC.the Washed Ashore project has made great achievementsD.volunteers can solve th

44、e ocean pollution successfully by 2050（4）Whats Dennis Kellys attitude towards the artworks? A.Worried.B.Supportive.C.Doubtful.D.Unconcerned.（5）What would be the best title for the text? A.Turning Trash into ArtB.Working for Washed AshoreC.Collecting Plastic TrashD.Stopping Environmental Pollution【答案

45、】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B（5）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Pozzi用垃圾雕塑了海洋动物，来提醒全球的人们去保护海洋，禁止人们朝海洋扔垃圾。（1）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ These artworks are a powerful reminder of our personal role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity on land and in the sea.”可知这些艺术品展示了人们在海洋生物多样性保护中的个人作用。即：警醒人民注意海洋中的塑料污染。故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ More than 315billion pounds of plastic litter the worlds oceans,today. Most of the plastic is garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that people leave on beaches.”可知海洋中的塑料垃圾主要是由人类活动所产生的垃圾。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中所列的数字信息可以证明：该项目最近几年在清理海洋垃圾中所做的巨大成绩（已有3800