16名词性从句 .ppt

1、1英语成人高考复习指导英语成人高考复习指导 句子成分除了可由短语充当外，还可以是句子成分除了可由短语充当外，还可以是分句。分句。在句子中充当一定成分的分句称为在句子中充当一定成分的分句称为从句从句，由从属连词引导；而从句所依附的分句称由从属连词引导；而从句所依附的分句称为为主句主句。含有从句的句子称为含有从句的句子称为主从复合句主从复合句。从句可。从句可分为：分为：名词从句、定语从句、状语从句。名词从句、定语从句、状语从句。名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句subject clause 宾语从句object clause 表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句app

2、ositive clause在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句：请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句：What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.(主语从句主语从句)(宾语从句宾语从句)(表语从句表语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定从)引导名词从句的连词引导名词

3、从句的连词1.连接连词连接连词：that、if、whether、as if、as though无意义无意义2.连接代词连接代词：who、whoever、whom、whomever、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever3.连接副词：连接副词：when、whenever、where、wherever、why、how、however“是否是否”“好像、好像、似乎似乎”Note：连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又：连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。1.介词后的连词介词后的

4、连词;2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.不可省略的连词不可省略的连词主语从句是在复合句中作主语的从句。通常放在主句主语从句是在复合句中作主语的从句。通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句末。代替，而本身放在句末。主语从句引导词有主语从句引导词有:连词：连词：that,whether,if;代词：代词：who(ever),what(ever),wh

5、ich(ever),whom(ever)；副词：副词：when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why等等.主语从句主语从句 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet

6、fixed when he will go to America.)1.It+be+形容词 that从句It is necessary/important/obvious that2.It+be+-ed分词 that从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to us all that.众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定3.It+be+名词 that从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that.令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是4.It+不及物动

7、词 that从句It appears that 似乎It happens that.碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起Note：在主语从句中用来表示在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此如此等语气时，谓语动词要用等语气时，谓语动词要用 虚拟语气虚拟语气“(should)+do(动词原形动词原形)”，常用的句型有：常用的句型有：It is necessary(important,natural,strange,pity,etc.)that It is a pity that she should think so.很遗憾，她竟然这样想。

8、很遗憾，她竟然这样想。It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that It is suggested that each of them should write an article.1.That he will succeed is certain.2.Whether he will go there is not known.3.What he said is not true.4.Where he hid the money is to be found out.5.Whoever comes is welcome.请思考？请思

9、考？1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前即主语在前,谓语在后谓语在后.例例:误误:When will he come is not known.2).连接词连接词that在主语从句中无实际意义在主语从句中无实际意义,但不能省略但不能省略.例例:误误:He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.正正:When he will come is not known.正正:That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.主语从句中语序与主语从句

10、中语序与that的省略：的省略：注意注意 主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”：3).主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单主句的谓语动词用单数形式数形式.That they will come _certain.4).What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定语的单复数决定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareis 1_in the regulations that you should not tell

11、 other people the pass word of your e-mail account.(2005上海上海)A.What is required B.What requires C It is required D.It requires 2.The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(2006 北京北京)A.This B.There is C.That is D.It is 3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling t

12、he earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海上海)A.where B.what C.that D.how Exercises表语从句表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于联系动词之表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于联系动词之后。一般结构是后。一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句”。可接。可接表语从句的连系动词有表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，等。另外，常用的还有常用的还有the reason is that 和和It is because 等结构。

13、等结构。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。样。e.g.The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.This is _ we cant get the support of the people.But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus.wheth

14、er/howwhythatwhythatNote：在在that引导的表语从句中，如主句的主语为引导的表语从句中，如主句的主语为command,demand,order,idea,suggestion等表等表示示要求、建议要求、建议的名词，谓语动词要用的名词，谓语动词要用 虚拟语虚拟语气气“(should)+do(动词原形动词原形)”：Her idea is that you should stick to your plan.她的意见是你要坚持按计划进行。她的意见是你要坚持按计划进行。Translation问题是我们是否可以信任他。问题是我们是否可以信任他。我建议买台大电脑。我建议买台大电脑。

15、她看起来要哭了。她看起来要哭了。The question isMy suggestion is He looked whether we can rely on him.as if he was going to cry.that we(should)buy a big computer.请思考？请思考？1)表语从句一律用陈述句的语序表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2)表语从句的引导词表语从句的引导词that无实际意义无实际意义,但不能省略但不能省略.3)表语从句只能用表语从句只能用whether,而不能用而不能用if 引导引导.4)需要注意的，当主语是需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句

16、要时，表语从句要用用that引导而不是引导而不是because。应使用。应使用The reason is that 或或 This/it/that/is because等句型等句型.表语从句注意事项表语从句注意事项注意注意今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.误误:The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.正正:The reason why he was late this morning is that t

17、here was a lot of traffic on the road.或或:He was late this morning.That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.表语从句注意事项表语从句注意事项注意注意宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的从句，通常放在主句谓宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词语动词(及物动词及物动词)或介词之后。或介词之后。宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同。宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同。She did not know what had happ

18、ened.(作作动词的宾语动词的宾语)Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.(作介词的宾语作介词的宾语)I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.(作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语)it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。We thought it good news that the fog had

19、finally gone.We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.Exercises 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A.it B.that C.these D.them 2.I feel _ strange that he should be so careless.A./B.it C.that D.how 3.It worried her a b

20、it _ her hair was turning grey.Awhile B.that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.themABBC 在在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示等表示要求、要求、命令、建议、决定命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用句常用“（should）+do(动词原形动词原形)”。I insist that she(s

21、hould)do her work alone.The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.Note：1、当、当主句动词是主句动词是现在时或将来时，现在时或将来时，从句根据自从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。I know(that)he studies English every day.I know(that)he studied English last term.I know(that)he will study English next year.I know(that)he has

22、 studied English since 1998.宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“时态呼应时态呼应”2、当主句动词是过去时态（、当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America He told me he was prepa

23、ring for the examination.The teacher tell us light travels in a straight line.宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“时态呼应时态呼应”宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“否定转移否定转移”若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为:think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think he will

24、 come here.I dont think the dress fits you well。1.I wondered _ you were so angry.2.It all depends on _ they will support us.3.I cant imagine _made him act like that.4.Im delighted _I have passed the exam.5.I find it necessary _ we should do the homework.用适当的连接词填空用适当的连接词填空why whether what that that请思

25、考？请思考？1)宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序。宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序。2)whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句，都可以引导宾语从句，但但:(1)当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时,不用不用if;例例:I dont know _I will stay or not.(2)介词后面的宾语从句不能用介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.例例:I worry about _ I hurt her feeling.宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项注意注意whetherwhether3)引导宾语从句的连词引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义也无实际意义,多数情况下多数情况下可以省略。但部分情况

26、不可省略。可以省略。但部分情况不可省略。(1).在主在主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句中从句中(真正宾语真正宾语)的句型中不省略：的句型中不省略：We must make it clear that we mean what we say.(2).由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中,that 不省略不省略.He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项注意注意同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语

27、的名词同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句，一般放在名词之后，用以说明或解释前性从句，一般放在名词之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词。可接同位语从句的名词通常是面的名词。可接同位语从句的名词通常是概括性、概括性、抽象名词，少为复数，且通常带冠词抽象名词，少为复数，且通常带冠词，常见者有：，常见者有：fact,news,idea,promise,thought,answer,hope,demand,doubt,decision,explanation,suggestion,order,problem,question,remark,reply,report,belief,truth,wi

28、sh等。等。同位语从句引导词同位语从句引导词一般由一般由that(不能省略不能省略)引导引导；少数情况下也可用少数情况下也可用whether,how,when,where,why等引导等引导。The fact that he was killed made us surprised.I have no idea when he will be back.We heard the news that our team had won.Can you find the answer to the question what was wrong with the computer?He made a

29、 suggestion that we(should)read some original English literature works.在在that引导的同位语从句中，如所说明的是引导的同位语从句中，如所说明的是demand，order，suggestion等表示等表示要求、要求、命令、建议命令、建议等意义的名词，谓语动词用等意义的名词，谓语动词用“（should）+do(动词原形动词原形)”。They received the suggestion that the work(should)be redone.Note：1)同位语同位语从句从句一律用陈述句的语序。一律用陈述句的语序。2

30、)由除由除that外的其他引导词引导同位语从句时，外的其他引导词引导同位语从句时，从句前常有介词从句前常有介词of。We have no idea of what he suffered in those days.Do you have any idea of why they are so interested in our affairs?同位语从句注意事项同位语从句注意事项注意注意(1)定语从句中的定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语）作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与

31、从句的作用，是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任不充当句中任何成分。何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征描述它的性质或特征；同位语从；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。说明。同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别e.g.The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（他告

32、诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中在从句中作宾语）作宾语）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）在句中不作任何成分）同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句that（连词）连词）只起连接的只起连接的作用作用,不充当句子成分不充当句子成分that(关系代词关系代词)充当一定的充当一定的句子成分句子成分(主，宾，表）主，宾，表）同位语从句与前面的名同

33、位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，表示这词是同位关系，表示这个名词的内容个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰作定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示用，表示“的的”。同位语从句的同位语从句的that 一般一般不能省不能省而定语从句中的关系代词而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾语，当其在从句中做宾语时，常常可以省略时，常常可以省略That在同位语从句与定语从句的区别在同位语从句与定语从句的区别（I）试比较下面两个例句）试比较下面两个例句:1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion t

34、hat the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导定语从句引导定语从句,作宾语作宾语,可以省略）可以省略）（that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,在从句中不担在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）当任何成分，但不可以省略）同位语从句的简易判断方法同位语从句的简易判断方法 我们可以在名词和从句之间加我们可以在名词和从句之间加be,使之构成使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起

35、来的。结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.The belief is that the earth is flat.1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.判断：定语从句判断：定语从句 /同位语从句同位语从句2.The news that is spreading around the airport is coming.3.The sugg

36、estion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.5.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句名词性从句综合知识点综合知识点that引导名词性从句时在从句中引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意不做任何成分，也没

37、有具体的意义义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough moneyShe expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.Note：that引导的主语从句中，位于句首时引导的主语从句中，位于句首时that不可省略，用不可省略，用it代代替主语从句做形式主语时替主语从句做形式主语时that可省

38、略。可省略。It is quite true(that)he is still alive.名词从句中名词从句中that不能省略的情况不能省略的情况1.)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。但不能省略。2).It 做形式宾语的宾语从句：做形式宾语的宾语从句：I dont think it necessary that you should read English loudly.3).并列宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省略并列宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省略He told me(that)his father had die

39、d and that he had to make a living alone.4).当当that宾语从句中状语部分位于从句前部时，宾语从句中状语部分位于从句前部时，Tell him that if he comes tomorrow,please call me.5).当当that 前有插入语时前有插入语时Tom didnt know,Im sure,that his sister was going to Japan.6).当当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。The reason lies in that she works harder than the

40、 others do.名词从句中名词从句中that不能省略的情况不能省略的情况that/(that)exercises1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father

41、 had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatwhat与与that 在引导从句时的区别在引导从句时的区别 What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true.that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。且在宾语从句中有时可省。what 既既起起连接作用连接作用,又在从句中作主语又在从句中作主语,宾语宾语,表语表语(且在名词性从句中

42、只有且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）可作表语）1._ he said so made us angry._ he said at the meeting made us angry.2.A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do.3.中国不再是过去的样子了。中国不再是过去的样子了。4.A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.whereThatWhatChina is no longer _

43、it used to be.whatwhatwhether与与if的辨用的辨用 1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.whether/ifwhetherwhether 5.It depends on _ we will have enough money.6._ they can do it matters little to us.7._ you are not free to

44、morrow,Ill go without you.whether与与if的辨用的辨用whetherWhetherIf 请你归纳请你归纳a.a.主语从句并在句首主语从句并在句首b.b.表语从句表语从句c.c.同位语从句同位语从句e.e.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f.f.直接加动词不定式只能用直接加动词不定式只能用whether（to do）g g whether or not 直接连用时不用直接连用时不用if只能使用只能使用whether 的情况：的情况：请你归纳请你归纳1._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not k

45、nown yet.A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That 2._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where高考题选萃高考题选萃that 表肯定意义表肯定意义whether表疑问表疑问There is no doubt_ he will win the first place.that其它连接代词和副词的连用其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的正确的选择选择who、which、when、where、wh

46、y、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘

47、记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.WhenwhowhatwhereWhatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑问意义。不含疑问意义。Whatever=anything that;whoever=anyone who1.Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished.Anyone who

48、2.They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do.anything thatWhatever/whoever 的功用的功用 1._ was said here must be kept secret.2._ we need is more time.3._ has taken away my bag is unknown.4._ breaks the law will be punished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverAnyone who疑问词疑问词+ever和和no

49、 matter+疑问词的区别疑问词的区别 疑问词疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。的成分。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑问词疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished,Whatever you do,you must do it well.no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句

50、疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do,you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule,he must be punished.1.Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.which B.thatC.whatever D.all what2.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.A.which B.thatC.wh