初中英语语法：形容词和副词课件.pptx

1、.一、定义一、定义 说明人或事物的说明人或事物的特征、特征、性质或状态性质或状态，常用来修饰名，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。词或不定代词的词叫形容词。a beautiful castleShe looks so happy.1作定语作定语There are many _colourful_flowers in the park.The boy is old_enough to go to school.He has something_interesting to tell his mother.放在被修饰的名词前，不定代词或副词后。放在被修饰的名词前，不定代词或副词后。二、用法及位

2、置二、用法及位置注意：基数词可与名词注意：基数词可与名词(用连字符相连用连字符相连)构成复合形容词，用作定语。构成复合形容词，用作定语。如：如：a 5yearold girl，fiveminute walk.2作表语作表语Mother looked happy when she received our presents.一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。如：一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。如：glad,happy,pleasedsorry,sad,sureready,afraid,ableeasy,difficult+to do sth.be放在放在系动词之系动词之后。后。

3、系动词有：系动词有：look,feel,taste,smell,sound等。等。.常见形容词有常见形容词有good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead 等。等。4“the形容词形容词”表示一类人或物。表示一类人或物。The poor dont have their own houses.3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语You must keep your eyes closed_when you do eye exercise.放在放在宾语之宾语之后。后。.5常见形容词词尾：常见形容词词尾：n .的人的人 y 充满充

4、满.的，多的，多.的的 en.材质的材质的al 有有.属性的属性的 ern.方位的方位的 able 可能的，可以的可能的，可以的 ful.的的 less 无无.的的 Indian,American rainy,snowy wooden personal,natural eastern,southern confortable helpful,useful careless,endlessanything else?.（1）有些形容词）有些形容词只能用作表语只能用作表语，不能作定语不能作定语。这类形容词主要有这类形容词主要有afraid，alone，asleep，alive，awake，ill等

5、。等。（2）有些以）有些以ly结尾的词是结尾的词是形容词形容词而而不是副词不是副词。如：。如：friendly，lively，silly，lovely等。等。注意：注意：.（3）以）以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人。结尾的形容词通常修饰人。如：如：interesting(有趣的有趣的)，interested(感兴趣的感兴趣的)exciting(令人兴奋的令人兴奋的)，excited（兴奋的）（兴奋的）（4）常见形容词的近义词归类。）常见形容词的近义词归类。largebig，gladhappy/pleased，cleverbright，dea

6、rexpensive，brokenworn out，harddifficult，finewell，illsick，nicekind/fine/good/beautiful，alonelonely.1.Mum has bought a lot of _ food from the supermarket nearby.(freeze)2.I wont do business with such a(n)_ man.(honest)3.The man was still _ when he was sent to the hospital.(life)4.He went to Canada sev

7、eral years ago.Now he is a _ citizen.(Canada)5.Drinking too much fruit juice can be _ to childrens teeth.(harm)6.We have very _ weather here,especially in the winter.(change)7.We should save _ expenses.(necessary)8.Some parents choose _ presents for their children.(education)词性变换词性变换frozendishonesta

8、liveCanadianharmfulchangeableunnecessaryeducational.副词是用来说明副词是用来说明时间、地时间、地点、程度、方式点、程度、方式等概念的词，等概念的词，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。副词或整个句子。一、定义一、定义Horses run fast.He never goes to school early.(1)时间副词。时间副词。如：如：now,often,usually,always,early,then,soon,before,ago等。等。(2)地点副词。地点副词。如：如：here,there,out,

9、above,below,outside,up,down等。等。(3)方式副词。方式副词。如：如：hard,well,badly,fast,slowly,quietly等。等。(4)频度副词：频度副词：如：如：always,often,frequently,seldom,never，sometimes 二、分类二、分类.(5)程度副词。程度副词。如如:very,much,still,almost,quite,so,too等。等。(6)疑问副词。疑问副词。如如:how,when,why,where等等(用于特殊疑问句句首用于特殊疑问句句首)。(7)关系副词。关系副词。如如:when,where,w

10、hy(放在引导的定语从句句首放在引导的定语从句句首)。(8)连接副词。连接副词。如如:how,where,why,whether等等(放在名词性从句句首，主要是宾语从句放在名词性从句句首，主要是宾语从句)。.副词修饰动词作状语，位于副词修饰动词作状语，位于动词后动词后;修饰形容词作状语，位于修饰形容词作状语，位于形容词前形容词前；修饰副词作状语位于修饰副词作状语位于另一副词前另一副词前。例如：例如：He walked quietly into his bedroom.You have a very nice watch.You are driving too fast.三、用法及位置三、用法及

11、位置.位置位置 (1)频度副词，如频度副词，如always，often，sometimes，usually等等通常放通常放在动词之前。但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们在动词之前。但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。如果有系动词之后。如果有系动词be，也要放在系动词之后。，也要放在系动词之后。He usually has lunch in the factory.The boy is often late for class.(2)enough作形容词修饰名词时，一般放在所修饰的词之前；作作形容词修饰名词时，一般放在所修饰的词之前；作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所

12、修饰的词之后。副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所修饰的词之后。I have enough money to buy the book.Hes tall enough to get the book down.(3)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面，也可把时同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。间副词放在句首。They went swimming in the river yesterday.Yesterday they went swimming

13、 in the river.(4)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。放在动词和宾语之间。My father works hard.Tom speaks Chinese very well.Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends.(5)“及物动词副词及物动词副词”组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时，该名词放组成的动词词组有名词作

14、宾语时，该名词放在副词前或后均可，如是代词作宾语，则必须将该词放在副词前。在副词前或后均可，如是代词作宾语，则必须将该词放在副词前。Can I try on the shoes，please?Dont cut it down!.(6)程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。词和助动词之后。Im very sad to hear that.(7)某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句前。某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句前。Suddenly he had a good idea.(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状

15、态时用形容词原级。说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。The pictures on the wall are nice.(2)有表示绝对概念的副词有表示绝对概念的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修等修饰时用形容词原级。饰时用形容词原级。The man is very tall.(3)表示表示A与与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。肯定句中的结构：肯定句中的结构：“A.as形容词原级形容词原级asB”English is as important as Chinese.否定句中的结构：否定句中的结构：“A.no

16、tas/so形容词原级形容词原级asB”I am not so fast as Lucy.表示表示“A是是B的的倍倍”时，用时，用“A.倍数倍数as形容词原级形容词原级asB”结构。结构。(两倍：两倍：twice；三倍以上：数字；三倍以上：数字times)Our school is three times as big as his.This table is twice as long as that one.“half as形容词原级形容词原级as”表示表示“是是的一半的一半”。His apples are half as many as his sisters.1.规则变化规则变化 1)

17、一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级er，最高级最高级est 如：如：clevercleverercleverest,fewfewerfewest smallsmallersmallest等。等。2)以以e结尾的词，比较级结尾的词，比较级r，最高级，最高级st 即可。即可。如：如：nicenicernicest cutecutercutest largelargerlargest.3)以辅音字母以辅音字母y结尾的变结尾的变y为为ier或或est。如。如:easyeasiereasiest ,happyhappierhappiest

18、 再如：再如：early,busy,heavy,dirty,lazy也如此。也如此。4)多音节词和部分双音节词多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加在其前加more,most少数单音节词也是这少数单音节词也是这样，如：样，如：pleasedmore pleasedthe most pleased tiredmore tiredthe most tired 5)中读闭音节词双写后面的辅音比较级中读闭音节词双写后面的辅音比较级er，最高级，最高级est如：如：bigbiggerbiggest,thinthinnerthinnest.2.不规则变化：不规则变化：good better best well

19、better best badworse worst many/much more most far farther farthest (距离远距离远)far further furthest (程度深程度深)old elder eldest (长幼长幼)old older oldest (年龄年龄).用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空。用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空。1.Bob is _(young)than Fred but _(tall)than Fred.2.Tony is not as _ (tall)as Jack.3.Almost all the students faces a

20、re the same but Li Deming looks _(fat)than before.4.He is _(clever)boy in the class.5.Annie says Sally is the _(kind)person in the world.6.A dictionary is much _(expensive)than a storybook.7.He is _(bad)at math.He is much _(bad)at Chinese and he is the _(bad)at English.ertallterthe estestworsemore b

21、ader worst.(1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A.比较级比较级thanB”。The oranges in this bag are bigger than those in that bag.(2)有表示程度的副词有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot,much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。等修饰时，用形容词比较级。It is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin.(3)表示两者之间进行选择表示两者之

22、间进行选择“哪一个更哪一个更”时，用句型时，用句型“Which/Who is形容词比较级，形容词比较级，A or B？”表示。表示。Which book is newer，this one or that one?(4)表示表示“几倍于几倍于”时，用时，用“倍数比较级倍数比较级than”表示。表示。Her house is twice bigger than mine.(5)表示表示“两者之间较两者之间较一个一个(of the two)”时，常用时，常用“the比较级比较级”结结构。如：构。如：Tom is the taller of the two boys.(6)表示表示“越来越越来越”，

23、用比较级重叠结构，即，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级比较级and比比较级较级”，当形容词是多音节词和部分双音节词时用，当形容词是多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more形容词原级形容词原级”。Its getting warmer_and_warmer in spring.Our school is becoming more_and_more_beautiful.(7)表示表示“越越就越就越”时，用时，用“the 比较级，比较级，the另一比较级另一比较级”结构。如：结构。如：The_more we get together,the_happier well be.1.Are yo

24、u _ to reach the picture on the top of the blackboard?A.very tall B.so tall C.too tall D.tall enough2.She is feeling _ better than before.A.much,more B.far C.even more D.more3.Is Mr Smith _ the man?A.so strong as B.more strong than C.stronger than D.much stronger as4.In the exam,the _ you are,the _

25、mistakes youll make.A.carefully,little B.more careful,fewer C.more careful,less D.more carefully,fewer.(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。短语来表示范围。He is the youngest in our class.Marys handwriting is the best of the three gir

26、ls.(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Who isthe最高级，最高级，A，B or C？”结构。结构。Who is the oldest,Mary,Nancy or Lily?(3)表示表示“最最的的之一之一”时用时用“one of the形容词最高级形容词最高级”结构，结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。The pen is one of the most beautiful pens.(4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最第几最”。Th

27、e Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(5)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。Tomorrow will be my busiest day.(6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。Li Lei is the_tallest_student in his class.Li Lei is taller_ than_in his class.Li Lei is t

28、aller_than _ in his class.Li Lei is taller_than _ in his class.any other student the other students anyone else.特别注意：特别注意：(1)ing形容词与形容词与ed形容词形容词ing形容词表示形容词表示“令人令人的的”，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising“令人惊讶的令人惊讶的”，exciting“令令人兴奋的人兴奋的”，interesting“有趣的有趣的”等。等。ed形容形容词表

29、示词表示“感到感到的的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.beed形容词介词形容词介词”结构。结构。.如：如：surprised“感到惊讶的感到惊讶的”，excited“感到兴奋的感到兴奋的”，interested“感感兴趣的兴趣的”等。等。We are all excited about the exciting news.(2)在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。(在不同范围内比较时，主体可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较在不同范围内比较时

30、，主体可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较)。如：如：China is larger than any_other country in Asia.China is larger than any country in Africa.1.Where would you like to go on your summer holiday,Mike?Id like to go_.A.nowhere interesting B.interesting anywhereC.somewhere interesting D.interesting somewhere2.As we all know,smokin

31、g is bad for us,_for children.A.especially B.recently C.probably D.nearly3.If you dont work_enough,I dont think your dream will come_.A.hardly;truly B.hardly;true C.hard;true D.hard;truly 4.He said he would come to see us _ the next afternoon.A.sometime B.some time C.sometimes D.some times.5.Jack is

32、 good at drawing.I think no one draws _.A.better B.best C.worse D.worst6.Its too late to invite any more people._,you know how Tim hates parties.A.Besides B.However C.Still D.Instead 7.Do you often go to the gym?No,_.I dont like sports at all.A.always B.never C.sometimes D.usually8.Did Kate do best

33、in the finally exam?No,but of all the students she did _.A.the most careful B.more careful C.most carefully D.more carefully .9.Our family has bought a car so we can travel _ than before.A.most easily B.less easily C.easily D.more easily 10.My father told me a story last night.It is _ one Ive ever h

34、eard.A.the funniest B.funniest C.funnier D.the funnier 11.The _ friends you have,the _ you will be.A.more,happy B.many,happy C.more,happier D.many,happier 12.When he heard a cry for help,he ran out as _ as he could.A.hardly B.quickly C.finally D.slowly 13.This place is not big enough for Lucys birthday party.We should find a _ one.A.big B.small C.bigger D.smaller.