大学生英语竞赛作文概要课件.ppt

1、图表作文图表作文评分标准评分标准作文评分标准作文评分标准一、评分原则：一、评分原则：1.1.本题满分为本题满分为I 10I 10分；分；II 20 II 20 分，按四个档次给分。分，按四个档次给分。2.2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整本档次，最后给分。次的要求来衡量、确定或调整本档次，最后给分。3.I 3.I 词数少于词数少于100100，II II 词数少于词数少于160160，从总分中减去，从总分中减去2 2分。分。4.4.如书写较差，以致影响阅卷，将分数降低一档。如书写

2、较差，以致影响阅卷，将分数降低一档。二、各档次给分范围和要求：二、各档次给分范围和要求：第四档（很好）：第四档（很好）：I 9-10I 9-10分；分；II 16-20 II 16-20 分分完全符合写作格式的要求，覆盖所有内容要点，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性很好，完全符合写作格式的要求，覆盖所有内容要点，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性很好，基本上无词汇和语法错误。基本上无词汇和语法错误。第三档（好）：第三档（好）：I 6-8 I 6-8 分；分；II 11-15 II 11-15 分分基本符合写作格式的要求，有个别地方表达思想不够清楚，文字基本通顺、连贯，有少量基本符合写作格式的要求，有

3、个别地方表达思想不够清楚，文字基本通顺、连贯，有少量词汇和语法错误。词汇和语法错误。第二档（一般）：第二档（一般）：I 3-5 I 3-5 分；分；II 6-10 II 6-10 分分未恰当完成写作格式的要求，漏掉内容要点，表达思想不清楚，文字多处出现词汇和语法未恰当完成写作格式的要求，漏掉内容要点，表达思想不清楚，文字多处出现词汇和语法错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。第一档（差）：第一档（差）：I 1-2 I 1-2 分；分；II 1-5 II 1-5 分分未完成写作格式的要求，明显遗漏主要内容，表达思想紊乱，有较多词汇和语法的重大错未完成写作格式的要求，明显遗漏

4、主要内容，表达思想紊乱，有较多词汇和语法的重大错误，未能将信息传达给读者。误，未能将信息传达给读者。0 0分分白卷；作文与题目毫不相关；内容太少，无法评判；所写内容无法看清白卷；作文与题目毫不相关；内容太少，无法评判；所写内容无法看清。Pie Chart（饼状图）（饼状图）percentage 比例比例land degradation 土壤退化土壤退化This pie chart shows leisure activities British teenagers liked best in 2009.From this graph,it can be seen that 41%of the

5、British teenagers chose listening to music as their favorite leisure activity.The second popular leisure activity for teenagers in the UK(accounting for/constituting 23%)was playing computer games.Watching sport and playing sport enjoyed equal popularity,chosen by 13%of the teenagers in question res

6、pectively.Only one in ten of the subjects considered reading as their favorite leisure activity.常用词汇常用词汇1.句式要有变化。句式要有变化。2.用词要有变化。用词要有变化。3.客观描述，数据至上，避免不必要的评论。客观描述，数据至上，避免不必要的评论。图表作文开头段常用替换图表作文开头段常用替换1.show:describe,demonstrate,reflect,indicate,reveal,present,illustrate,provide an overview（概览）（概览）of,p

7、rovide an overall view of,provide a breakdown(细分）细分）of,2.“占据占据”A takes up/account for/constitute/make up X%of total e.g.在在2009年，英国喜欢在休闲时间听音乐的青少年占总青少年人数的年，英国喜欢在休闲时间听音乐的青少年占总青少年人数的41%。In 2009,teenagers who liked listening to music in their leisure time took up 41%of the total in England.A is composed

8、of/is made up of X%of B,Y%of C e.g.发电的能源由发电的能源由50%的煤，的煤，30%的水力发电和的水力发电和20%的油构成。的油构成。The energy source for power generation is composed of 50%of coal,30%of hydro power and 20%of oil.The percentage/proportion of A is X%.e.g.2002年，食物开销占的比例为年，食物开销占的比例为45%。The percentage of expenditure on food was 45%in

9、2002.常用句型常用句型93.“倍数倍数”翻番翻番:double/triple e.g.M公司公司9月的利润比月的利润比5月翻了一倍。月翻了一倍。The profit of company M doubled from May to September.A是是B的的X倍倍 e.g.女生的数量大约是男生的三倍。女生的数量大约是男生的三倍。倍数倍数+that of+n.The number of girls is about 3 times that of boys.倍数倍数+as.as The number of girls is about 3 times as big as boys.倍数

10、倍数+比较级比较级+than The number of girls is about twice bigger than boys.常用句型常用句型Line Chart 线状图线状图tendency趋势趋势Population of birds in Europe over a period of 24 yearsThe line graph/chart shows the change of the bird population in Europe,measured in million,from 1977 to 2001,in three-year intervals.Overall,

11、the graph indicates the population decreased over time.In 1977,the population was 120 million birds.This increased to a peak of about 126 million in 1980,and then dropped sharply over the next six years to approximately 98 million in 1986.It then rose significantly to about 112 million in 1989.It fe

12、ll sharply over the next three years to about 95 million in 1992 and remained relatively stable after that at between 96 and 90 million birds.The graph shows a trend of a gradual decrease in the number of birds since 1995.1.客观性写作：客观性写作：描述图表信息，不表描述图表信息，不表达个人观点达个人观点千万不可以出现千万不可以出现 I think 我认为这些字我认为这些字样

13、。样。2.详尽性写作：详尽性写作：起点，拐点，终点，起点，拐点，终点，变化趋势必须交代清楚变化趋势必须交代清楚曲线趋势曲线趋势1.上升上升,增加：增加：go up,climb up,increase,rise,show an upward trend 增加了增加了 increase by 增加到增加到 increase to 2.急剧上升急剧上升,大幅度上升：大幅度上升：(1)jump,shoot up,surge,soar(不加修饰语不加修饰语)(2)go up/increase/rise/climb up+sharply/rapidly/dramatically/significantly

14、/substantially（3）a sharp/dramatic/significant/substantial increase in.3.下降下降,减少：减少：decrease,decline,fall,drop,go downshow a downward trend 4.急剧下降，大幅度下降：急剧下降，大幅度下降：plummet,plunge(不加修饰语不加修饰语)+sharply/rapidly/dramatically/significantly/substantially 5.波动波动,(在在间间)起伏不定：起伏不定：fluctuate v.用法：用法：fluctuate be

15、tween and fluctuate over the period of fluctuate over these 24 hoursfluctuation n.用法：用法：rise with some fluctuations(总体趋势总体趋势-上升）上升）6.保持平稳，平衡，静止不动：保持平稳，平衡，静止不动：remain/stay/keep stable/unchanged at+数字数字/百分比百分比7.拐点拐点This increased to a peak of.增加至最高点增加至最高点+数据数据XX shows an upward trend,peaking at.呈现出增加的

16、趋势，达呈现出增加的趋势，达到最高点到最高点+数据数据Self-esteem was lowest among young adults,but increased throughout adulthood,peaking at age 60,before it started to decline.自尊心在年轻的成年人中为最低，随着年龄的增高也逐步提高，自尊心在年轻的成年人中为最低，随着年龄的增高也逐步提高，在在60岁时达到了顶峰，然后开始下降。岁时达到了顶峰，然后开始下降。The number/percentage reached the bottom bar graph(柱状图）柱状图）

17、comparison 比较比较比较：比较：类比：类比：similarly,likewise,对比：对比：unlike,conversely,in/by contrast,on the contrary,in comparison,A,while/whereas/whilst BSample Writing1.开头综述部分不可少。开头综述部分不可少。2.Make comparisons where relevant.对比并不是针对图表中任一数据进行对比，对比并不是针对图表中任一数据进行对比，而是针对图表的主要特征来进行对比。而是针对图表的主要特征来进行对比。3.做到句式用词有变化，语言清晰准确，

18、简做到句式用词有变化，语言清晰准确，简洁客观。洁客观。图表作文开头段的写法图表作文开头段的写法开头段的写法：改写转述题目开头段的写法：改写转述题目1.改变题干中关键词的改变题干中关键词的词性词性2.改变题干中关键词的改变题干中关键词的位置位置3.同义替换同义替换,同义转换同义转换4.加入图表中的其他文字信息加入图表中的其他文字信息(时间，性别，国时间，性别，国家家,对象对象)5.开头段永远是一般现在时开头段永远是一般现在时原题干原题干:The graph below shows the enrollments of overseas students and local students in

19、 Britains universities.The given bar chart demonstrates the (说明图表类型）说明图表类型）(同义替换同义替换)proportion of foreign students and local(添加新信息添加新信息)(同义替换同义替换)students enrolled in Britains universities (关键词词性和位置关键词词性和位置)from 1989 to 1999.(添加新信息添加新信息)开头段开头段1.饼状图的题干：饼状图的题干：The graph below shows us the information

20、how electricity is used in an average English home.范例范例1.The pie chart above provides a breakdown(分类）分类）of what the electricity is used for in a common English family/household.范例范例2.The given pie chart demonstrates the percentage/proportion about what the electricity is used for in a common English

21、 family.1.饼状图主体段写法饼状图主体段写法第一句话：说明饼状图的组成部分第一句话：说明饼状图的组成部分第二句话：说明占比例最大的部分第二句话：说明占比例最大的部分第三句话以后：说明占比例第二的部分（或第三句话以后：说明占比例第二的部分（或者：把剩下的几部分分类，把比例相同的者：把剩下的几部分分类，把比例相同的部分捏合到一起说明）部分捏合到一起说明）主体段第一句开头主体段第一句开头“由图可见由图可见”的常用表达：的常用表达：It can be clearly seen from the chart that As can be clearly seen from the chart,I

22、t is apparent/obvious/evident/manifest from the.chart that单曲线图开头段单曲线图开头段开头段：开头段：The line chart illustrates the data about people at a London subway station from 6 a.m.to 10 p.m.线状图主体段写法线状图主体段写法 第一句：描述曲线的总体趋势第一句：描述曲线的总体趋势 第二句：从第二句：从起点起点开始描述开始描述 第三句以后：第三句以后：拐点，最高点，最低点，终点，拐点，最高点，最低点，终点，变化趋势变化趋势必须交代清楚，不

23、必交代所有数据必须交代清楚，不必交代所有数据（曲线图（曲线图6大要素）大要素）.This humourous/witty睿智的睿智的/profound 深刻的深刻的/enlightening 富于启发性的富于启发性的/instructive 具有教育意义的具有教育意义的/influential quotation/remark by XXX makes one pause to reflect on/ponder on.大作文模板句大作文模板句Simple as the sentence may sound,it definitely tells us a profound truth tha

24、t.it contains abundant life philosophy and informs us of.这句话听起来似乎简单，却的确告诉了我们这句话听起来似乎简单，却的确告诉了我们这样一个深刻的道理这样一个深刻的道理./却包含着丰富的人生却包含着丰富的人生哲理，提醒我们哲理，提醒我们.其他开头方式其他开头方式George Washington Carver tells us that(高度总结引言内涵）高度总结引言内涵）(p.19)(举例证明引言正确）。举例证明引言正确）。Just like what Thoreau has said,Many men go fishing all

25、of their lives without knowing that it is not fish they are after.(p.51)P.68(阐述引言内涵）阐述引言内涵）According to the definition of the dictionary,_is a fool.Some_belong to this group.The wise men,however,know themselves to be foolish,which means_.The famous quotation by William Shakespear is known to us sinc

26、e his time.In my personal point of view,the fool.the wise men.句子多样性句子多样性长短句子结合，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句，简单句、长短句子结合，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句，简单句、并列句和复合句交替使用。并列句和复合句交替使用。灵活运用各种句子结构，如倒装句、省略句、强调句、灵活运用各种句子结构，如倒装句、省略句、强调句、非谓语动词，使文章语言生动，富于表现力。非谓语动词，使文章语言生动，富于表现力。句子写作多样化的方法句子写作多样化的方法一、改变句子开头一、改变句子开头二、巧用连接词二、巧用连接词 三、长短句交替三、长短句交替 四、利用

27、倒装结构四、利用倒装结构 句子写作的多样化句子写作的多样化一、改变句子开头一、改变句子开头 写作中多用写作中多用主谓宾，主系表结构容易让读者厌倦。主谓宾，主系表结构容易让读者厌倦。A.Peoplethroughout the country have demanded all kinds of nutritious food.B.There is a 点评：既改变了主语谓语宾语单调句型，又把想点评：既改变了主语谓语宾语单调句型，又把想强调的意思突出出来。强调的意思突出出来。demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food.1.

28、用副词开头用副词开头 Too often，students stray into the habit of cheating on tests.2.用同位语开头用同位语开头 Air，water and oxygen，everything that is necessary for life.3.用状语开头用状语开头 Dark and empty，the house looked very different from the way I remembered it.4.用表语开头用表语开头 Equally essential to the success in learning a langu

29、age are intense interest plus persistent effort.5.用宾语开头用宾语开头 My advice you would not listen to；my helps you laughed at.Now you will have what you asked for.6.以短语修饰语开头以短语修饰语开头 1）以介词短语开头）以介词短语开头 To me the news was very interesting，but to my wife，very boring.2）以分词短语开头）以分词短语开头 Disturbed by the discord o

30、f American life in recent decades，Manchester took flight for the pacific islands.3）以不定式短语开头）以不定式短语开头 To pass the exam，you should work very hard.The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world，and in spring it often overflows its banks，and the lives of many people are endangered.此句用an

31、d把三个分句一贯到底，表达乏味，如用关系代词which，语义更连贯，语言更流畅.The Mississippi River，which is one of the longest rivers in the world，often overflows its banks in the spring，endangering the lives of many people.二：二：简单句过多会造成简单句堆砌；句子结构松散。可以尝试用长句简单句过多会造成简单句堆砌；句子结构松散。可以尝试用长句使句子逻辑关系更清楚。使句子逻辑关系更清楚。长短句交替长短句交替 长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句和短句各

32、有其优点和缺点。长句长句，因用定语、状语较多，因用定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念内涵，比较精确、严密，但不够限制了概念的外延，增大了概念内涵，比较精确、严密，但不够活泼简便。活泼简便。短句短句，由于字数少，直截了当，较简洁、明快、有力，由于字数少，直截了当，较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂语义内容。在写作中，最好长短句交替使用。但不利于表达复杂语义内容。在写作中，最好长短句交替使用。既体现了节奏要求，也是意义需要。例如：既体现了节奏要求，也是意义需要。例如：（1）We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.（2）There are ma

33、ny trees along the streets.（3）There is a clean river in the city.（4）There are many fishes in the river.（5）There are willow trees on one side.（6）There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.（7）There are many flowers on them.You try!简单句，结构单一、表达单调。用从句、倒装句修改简单句，结构单一、表达单调。用从句、倒装句修改Just imagine th

34、e beautiful surroundings：Green trees line（耸立（耸立在在.两侧）两侧）the streets.A clean river winds through（蜿蜒流（蜿蜒流过）过）the city，in which a lot of fishes abound（大量存在）（大量存在）.On one side stand rows of willow trees and on the other side lies（静静躺（静静躺着）着）a stretch of grassland sprinkled with（被（被.点缀）点缀）many flowers.四、

35、利用倒装结构四、利用倒装结构 You cant find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games in any other places in the world.Freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances.In no other places in the world can you find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 O

36、lympic Games.Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests.句子多样性实例句子多样性实例一一、改变时态、改变时态 The bell is ringing now.一般一般 二二、改变语态、改变语态 People suggest that the conference be put off.一般一般 三、三、使用不定式使用不定式 He is so kind that he can help me.一般一般 四四、使用过去分词、使用过去分词 She walked out of

37、the lab and many students followed her.一般一般 Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.一般一般 There goes the bell.特殊特殊 It is suggested that the conference be put off.特殊特殊 He is so kind as to help me.特殊特殊 Followed by many students,she walked out of the lab 特殊特殊.Once seen,it can never be forgotten.特殊特殊五五

38、 使用使用 v-ing When he arrives，please give me an e-mail一般一般 If the weather permits,I will come tomorrow.一般一般 六六 使用名词性从句使用名词性从句 It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.一般一般 I happened to have met him.一般一般 To his surprise,the little girl knows so many things.一般一般 On arriving/his arrival,please gi

39、ve me an e-mail.特殊特殊 I will come tomorrow,weather permitting.特殊特殊 The fact that he didnt t turn up disappointed everybody.特殊特殊 It happened that I had met him.特殊特殊 What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.特殊特殊七七 使用定语从句使用定语从句 The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well

40、 written.一般 八八 使用状语从句使用状语从句 I wont believe what he says.一般一般 If you come back before six oclock,you can go out.一般一般 If she doesnt agree,what shall we do?一般一般 The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.特殊特殊 No matter what he says,I wont believe it.特殊特殊 You can go out on condition

41、 that you come back before six oclock.Supposing that she doesnt agree,what shall we do?特殊特殊 写长难句写长难句 How to develop complex sentences 步骤步骤 1.写出写出key words，确认中心骨架，确认中心骨架 2.逻辑排列，逻辑排列，logical arrangements 3.加工润色，加工润色，colorize 具体方法具体方法 1.写引导词：包括起承转合例（让句子变得有逻辑）写引导词：包括起承转合例（让句子变得有逻辑）.写插入语（让句子变得客观）写插入语（让句子

42、变得客观）3.写从句（让句子变得多样）写从句（让句子变得多样）4.写后置定语或定语从句（让句子变得高端）写后置定语或定语从句（让句子变得高端）加分结构：加分结构：插入语插入语插入语多半用逗号隔开，可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子，插入语多半用逗号隔开，可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子，例如：例如：that is to say换句话说换句话说to a certain extent在某种程度上在某种程度上 to some degree 一定程度上，一定程度上，to a larger degree 在很大程度上在很大程度上 for one reason or another 因为某种原因因为某种原因

43、to put it in another way 换言之换言之 directly or indirectly 直接或间接直接或间接 in other words 换句话说换句话说，as a matter of fact 事实上事实上 常用插入语常用插入语 副词副词：indeed的确，的确，surely无疑，无疑，obviously显然，显然，frankly 坦率地坦率地说，说，naturally自然，自然，briefly简单地说等。简单地说等。短语短语：strange to say说也奇怪，说也奇怪，needless to say不用说，不用说，most important of all，wo

44、rse still更糟糕的，更糟糕的，as a matter of fact 分词短语分词短语：strictly speaking严格地说，严格地说，generally speaking一般一般地说，地说，judging from根据根据判断判断 不定式短语不定式短语：to be sure无疑地，无疑地，to sum up概括地说，概括地说，to tell the truth老实说等。老实说等。例句：例句：The dictionary contains much information To be sure,the dictionary contains much information.加分

45、结构：加分结构：从句从句名词性定语从句名词性定语从句:that,who 时间状语从句时间状语从句:before,when,after,during 地点状语从句地点状语从句:where 原因状语从句原因状语从句:because,because of that.primarily/mainly owing to that,partly/partially due to that,in that条件状语从从句条件状语从从句:if,on condition that in case that 加分结构：加分结构：后置定语后置定语 扩展思路句意不够明确时，深入阐述：扩展思路句意不够明确时，深入阐述：“

46、这意味着这意味着”in other words,“，which means that”例例1.在线学习能避免不必要的注意力分散问题，这就意味着学生在线学习能避免不必要的注意力分散问题，这就意味着学生们能真正把注意力集中于他们课程当中。们能真正把注意力集中于他们课程当中。Online learning can avoid unnecessary distraction,which means that students can really focus on their course.例例2.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。He seems not to ha

47、ve grasped what I meant,which upsets me.As引导的非限定性定语从句：引导的非限定性定语从句：例例1.众所周知众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。As is well known to everybody,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.例例2.从图中可看出，手机用户人数从从图中可看出，手机用户人数从2001年至年至2009年增长惊人。年增长惊人。As can be seen from the bar chart,the number of mobile phone users is increasing surprisingly from 2001 to 2009.