大学英语六级议论文写作1课件.ppt

1、*议论文写作方法议论文写作方法提出议题，辨明自己的态度，观点鲜明，提出议题，辨明自己的态度，观点鲜明，开门见山。开门见山。提出正反两方面的观点，形成对照的对提出正反两方面的观点，形成对照的对比法。比法。列出错误的观点，逐条批驳的驳论法。列出错误的观点，逐条批驳的驳论法。用推理法、归纳法得出结论。用推理法、归纳法得出结论。*写作类型及写作模板写作类型及写作模板 现象阐释型 问题解决型 对比选择型 观点论证型 利弊评述型*要求根据题目所给的论点，按照题目要求要求根据题目所给的论点，按照题目要求通过摆事实、讲道理的方式对该论点进通过摆事实、讲道理的方式对该论点进行论证或反驳。行论证或反驳。基本结构：

2、基本结构：1.提出要论证或反驳的论点；提出要论证或反驳的论点；2.提出论据对其进行论证或反驳；提出论据对其进行论证或反驳；3.表明自己的立场和看法。表明自己的立场和看法。*2015年年6月六级月六级真题真题题目题目1：write an essay commenting on the saying“Knowledge is a treasure,but practice is the key to it.”You can cite one example or two to illustrate your point of view.题目题目2：I have no special talents

3、.I am only passionately curious.*In this constantly changing world,how to put the knowledge acquired every day into reality has intrigued numerous people.As a proverb goes,“Knowledge is a treasure,but practice is the key to it.”Apparently,this saying aims to deliver the message that if we truly want

4、 to master the knowledge we learn,we ought not to stop practicing it.*There are several reasons accountable for this statement.To begin with,human being are forgetful beings;therefore,only when we use knowledge,make mistakes,and try to use it again will we be able to remember it by our heart.Moreove

5、r,knowledge has become growingly complicated and we can seldom genuinely grasp the essence of it if we do not practice it and ponder it over again and again.*For instance,there used to be simple diseases,such as the cold and measles,and a doctor might have the knowledge to treat all the common ones.

6、However,with our living environment becoming ever increasingly harsher,the diseases have evolved into weird,irremediable,and unpredictable ones.Therefore,the medication has been divided into numerous branches,and doctors of each one have to practice for years only in order to cure the diseases belon

7、ging to the similar sort.*Practicing,to sum up,is of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well.Not only does it assist people to remember knowledge better,but we are able to catch up with the speed of the evolution of knowledge.As a student,I hope that the young can fo

8、cus more attention on practicing what they learn than on remembering it blindly so that the knowledge will become our real treasure and make our life more splendid.*The above saying from Einstein vividly echoes a piece of quotation:stay hungry;stay foolish,which is put forward by Steven Jobs,the lat

9、e CEO of Apple Inc.Undoubtedly,both of the two great men attach importance to curiosity.To some extent,we may safely maintain that without curiosity,without success.*In the first place,curiosity is the premise of innovation,which can be seen as the key to success.Besides Einstein,a case in point is

10、Steven Jobs,who always keeps curious,devoted to innovation.So,there is no exaggeration to say that the success of Apple Inc doesnt surprise us at all.In the second place,the quality of being curious provides us with the drive to go forward.To put it another way,where there is curiosity,there is adva

11、ncement.For example,if a scientist desires to make progress in his research field,he must possess a curious mind;otherwise,his research will eventually go into a corner.*In conclusion,it is not too much to say that curiosity plays an indispensable role both in personal and corporate success.So,it is

12、 wise for us to bear in mind the great mens sayings concerning curiosity and practice them as much as possible.*II.基本结构：基本结构：1.描述现象并说明其现状；描述现象并说明其现状；2.分析这种现象的原因或分析这种现象的原因或批驳批驳；3.最后提出建议或总结观点。最后提出建议或总结观点。*2014年年12月六级作文月六级作文 Write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a b

13、rief description of the picture and then discuss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicant.You should give sound arguments to support your views.*According to the picture,an employer turns down a job applicant,for his degree is less advanced than the other applicants,even though he

14、 has a good resume.Actually,whats behind the cartoon is the tendency that employers focus on the applicants academic performance when hiring.*No one disputes that a college or higher degree opens doors.Despite that,I firmly believe that academic degree should not be the primary criteria in selecting

15、 talents.First of all,academic degrees only represent the applicants proficiency in their school work,and cannot demonstrate their personality or other abilities.For instance,the responsibility of a human resources manager is to deal with people,and thus it requires advanced personal skill which is

16、by no means shown in the diploma.*Second,emphasis on degrees may hinder the development of the company.They will lose real talents if they judge people only by their educational background,while it is often the case that college drop-outs like Bill Gates,Michael Dell,Steve Jobs,etc.,run wildly succe

17、ssful enterprises.Therefore,instead of running after applicants with higher degrees,companies should become more concerned about what it takes to do the job and what a college education actually provides.*比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对问题或事物的态度或观点。问题或事物的态度或观点。基本结构：基本结构：1.对要评价的事物或现象进行整体介绍；对要评价

18、的事物或现象进行整体介绍；2.陈述两种不同的观点或做法及其理由；陈述两种不同的观点或做法及其理由；3.表明自己的观点或态度。表明自己的观点或态度。*2014年年12月六级作文月六级作文You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss whether there is a shortcut to learning.*As is depicted in the cartoon,a student is asking a librarian whether there is a b

19、ook on how to perform well in school without learning,and the librarian tells the student that to do well in school without studying only happens in fictions.Undoubtedly,the cartoonist aims at reminding us of a fact that there is no shortcut to learning.*The rapid living tempo influences our life de

20、eply,but while running after high-efficiency,we should hold a correct attitude toward learning,because learning requires long-term and pains-taking effort and diligence.In fact,hardly can we achieve success without persisitent learning attitude.As competition in all lines of work grows increasingly

21、fierce,we must defeat our rivals through diligent learning.Numerous examples available can be given,but a case in point is Thomas Edison,who in 1879,after more than 1,000 trials,eventually invented an inexpensive alternative to candles:the lamp.Edisons story vividly echoes a well-known proverbRome i

22、s not built in one day.*Hence,it is vital for us to derive positive implications from the above picture.For one thing,we should frequently use it to enlighten the young.For another,we should cultivate their awareness that correct and proper learning attitude carries great importance.Only by doing so

23、,can the younger generation become winners in the face of learning and life.*议论文段落总结议论文段落总结引入段（引入段（Introductory Paragraph）1、背景、背景 1）直接引入法）直接引入法 2）提问或名言警句）提问或名言警句 2、观点的表达、观点的表达*some methods of introduction:(1)Begin with a broad,general statement of your topic and narrow it down to your thesis stateme

24、nt;(2)Start with an idea or a situation that is the opposite of the one you will develop;(3)Explain the importance of your topic to the reader;(4)Use an incident or a brief story;(5)Ask one or more questions;(6)Use a quotation.摘自美国大学英语写作*主体段（主体段（Body Paragraph）主题句（主题句（Topic Sentence）论证点论证点 支撑句（支撑句（S

25、upporting S.）论据论据两类论据：两类论据：分析性论据分析性论据 实例性论据实例性论据*段落发展方式段落发展方式1）分类）分类 Books are an important part of many peoples lives in the world today.Within the wide variety of topics that books are written,they can be broadly classified into fiction and non-fiction.These two types each have their own merits an

26、d it would not be fair to only read about“real events,real people”,when there can be so much to learn from imaginary events and imaginary people.*2）举例）举例 But too much sport,or improper guidance,can be harmful.Being too involved usually results in the child feeling tired all the time,or having sports

27、 taking up too much time that was originally meant for study or play.Children can easily get too worked up in competitions and if this goes without steering,the child may develop wrong views towards winning and losing,and life in general.It may also be harmful towards a childs body.Gymnastics,for in

28、stance,is known to be harsh towards the gymnasts,bodies usually ending them up small and short.Many sports are dangerous,and children may be crippled when injured in the course of game.*3）对比）对比 Dissatisfaction and a permanent need or want starts at a very young age.Even while we are babies,we want t

29、his toy,and that doll,and no matter how many of them we have we ask for more.Scientists say that when a baby is given a familiar toy,he or she will play with it,but after a while,he or she will get used to it and become less enthusiastic.While on the other hand,when a baby is given a new toy,he or s

30、he will have to play with it for a couple of days,and he or she will be very interested until again he or she will get accustomed to it and a new toy will take its place.Things that we do not own or did not see before look more attractive to us than the ones that we have.*4）问答）问答 Why do some people

31、think that working with objects or machines is more advantageous than working with people?For one thing,objects or machines are easier to deal with.Since both objects and machines have no wills,they do not argue with us.On the contrary,they are always ready to follow our directions.For another,objec

32、ts or machines are reliable.Unlike people who sometimes hurt our feelings,they never cheat us.In addition,I suppose,these people cannot adapt themselves to the human world of competition.*5）因果）因果 People vary,and that is why you often find various approaches to life.For those who are content with the

33、 direction their life is heading,the idea of change would probably send shivers through them.This is due to the fact that they are at a point where they are satisfied with the way they have maximized their God-given potential.That is a positive reason for dreading change.*6）类比）类比 The perfect short s

34、tory is written with a poets sensitivity for language,with a poets precision.The shape and sounds and rhythms of the words are more commonly part of the effect that they usually are in the novel.Just as in a poem,the bare words themselves are never the complete meaning.They interact with each other.

35、Their sounds do things.How they are placed on the page matters.The poem tries to create a piece of truth,an insight into being human,and the form is so tight,so sparse that we can argue over exact meanings long into the night.*7）定义）定义 A computer is a machine designed to perform work mathematically a

36、nd to store and select information that has been fed into it.It is run by either mechanical or electronic means.These machines can do a great deal of complicated work in a very short time.*结尾段结尾段（Concluding Paragraph）Some methods of conclusion:(1)End with a summary and final thought;(2)Include a tho

37、ught-provoking question or short series of questions,such as:A.Why the subject of your paper is important;B.What might happen in the future;C.What should be done about the subject;D.Which choice should be made.(3)End with a prediction or recommendation.摘自美国大学英语写作*Group BrainstormingChoose either of the two topics:Topic 1：write an essay commenting on the remark“Earth provides enough to satisfy every mans need,but not every mans greed”.You may cite some examples support you view.Topic 2：Smile is the shortest distance between two people.*Writing Assignments One:www.pigai.org第第490375号作文号作文*