七年级英语(仁爱版)语法讲解及练习.doc

1、 Be动词的用法be 是，有，存在, 主要表现为三种形式 am, is, are 。be动词的用法与代词紧密联系人称代词： I我 we 我们 you 你，你们 she 她 he他 it 它 they他们指示代词：this这个 that 那个 these这些 those那些I. 基本用法: 不同的人称代词、指示代词用be的不同形式 be动词的用法顺口溜：我用am你用are，is用于他、她、它; 单数is复数are，勿忘be的三变化。变疑问往前提，句末问号莫丢弃； 变否定更容易，be后not别忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑；Be开头的疑问句，Yes/No回答别忘记。I am a studen

2、t in Grade Seven. Im not in Class Eight. I am in Class Five. Are you a student? Yes, I am. No, Im not. You are in Class Five. He is in Class 5, too. But she isnt in Class Five.What class is she in? She is in Class 9. It is on the second floor.Is this a cat? No, it isnt. Its a cap. That isnt a cap. T

3、hats a dog.Are those oranges? No, they arent. Theyre apples. I am=Im we are=were you are=youre she is=shes he is=hes it is = its they are=theyre is not= isnt are not=arent用be动词的适当形式填空。1. Huang Hua _ a boy. His English name _ Tom. He _ from China. He _ a student in Beijing International School. He ha

4、s a friend. Her name _ Jane. She _ from Canada. She _ twelve years old. Huang Hua and Jane _ not in the same class, but they _ good friends.2. -_ you a student? -No, I _ not. _ a worker. -How old _ you? -I _ seventeen.-_ your brother a student? -Yes, _ _.-How old _ he? _ twelve years old.3. -What _

5、those on the desk? -_ bananas and oranges. -_ they for me? -Yes, _ _. -What _ that beside the oranges？-Oh，a ruler this ruler for me? -No, it _. It _ for your sister.4. This _ a banana. That _ a banana. That _ an apple.5. Apples _ my favorite(最喜欢的东西)Whatyour favorite？Orangesmy favorite参考答案：1is, is, i

6、s, is, is, is, is, are, are 2.Are, am, Im, are, am, Is, he is, is, Hes3. are, Theyre, Are, they are, is, its, Is, isnt, is 4. Is, isnt, is 5. Are, is, are代词的用法I.定义：代词，是代替名词或一句话的一种词类，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。II.分类：英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用可分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词, 疑问代词、不定代词III.各类代词的用法：1人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的用法第一人称第二人称第三

7、人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meushimheritthem物主代词形容词myouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves（1）人称代词主格作主语，放句首和动词之前。I am a teacher. He studies hard. Did he write a composition? What will you do tomorrow?（2）人称代词

8、宾格作宾语，放动词或介词之后。 He sent me a present. I want you to study hard. He painted it green. I am worried about you.（3）形容词性物主代词作定语，放名词前。 He sent me his bike. May I have your attention, please? These are their books. （4）名词性物主代词可转化为“形容词性物主代词+上文所提过的名词”， 放句首作主语，放动词介词之后作宾语，放连系动词之后作表语。 -Is this your pen, Jane? -I

9、t is not mine(=my pen be 动词之后作表语). Mine is lost.(=My pen 放在句首作主语) It looks like hers.(=her pen放在介词like之后作介词宾语)My brother lent his to me. (=his pen, 放动词lent之后作动词宾语)练习：用合适的代词填空。1. Let _(I) help _(your). Let _(we) go.2. _(us) are students. I cant find_(they).3. Ill go back to _ (I)hometown to keep away

10、 from the disease. Please take care of _(you).4. The little boy often plays with _ toys .5. Give _ (she) the book. Where is my cat? _(it) toy ball is here.6. -Are these _(you) pencils? -Yes, they are _(our).7. -Whose is this pencil? -Its _(I).8. I have two twin daughters. _ are very lovely. I love _

11、 very much. 9. She is _(he) classmate. Your school is newer than _(she).10. Thank you for helping _ with _ English. (I)11. This isnt _ pen. _ is on the desk. (she)12. _ school is far away from _ home. (he)13. This book is not _ (me). Its _(she).参考答案：练习一：1. me, you, us 2. we, them 3. my, yourself 4.

12、his 5. her, Its 6. your, ours 7. mine 8. They, them 9. his, hers 10. me, my 11. her, Hers 12. His, his 13. mine, hers名词一.定义：表示人物或事物的名称的词二.分类：1.专有名词：地名或人名，首字母大写 句中的首字母的大写的词，都是专有名词Li Hua, the United States of Americathe Great Wall, World Health Organization2.普通名词： 1）不可数名词：物质名词、抽象名词 如water，air，rice, ha

13、ir不可数名词的修饰词：some, any, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots ofsome: 一些，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，用于肯定句或期望得到肯定回答的一般疑问句。any: 一些，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，用于否定句或一般疑问句。much: 许多 a little：一点点 little: 几乎没有（否定）a lot of=lots of：许多，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，但不用于否定句。练习I：用不可数名词的修饰词填空。A.-There is _ milk at home. You need to go and buy _.B.-Bu

14、t we have _ orange juice at home. We can drink it.A. No. There is only _ orange juice. We also need to buy _.B:How _ do you want?A: Let me see. Please buy _(两公斤牛奶) and _ (五瓶桔汁). Oh, we also need _ (一袋苹果).（用正下方“名词多个定量的表达法”填空）名词多个定量的表达法：数量+容器/计量单位(s) +of+可数名词复数/不可数名词I want to have ten kilos of rice an

15、d one bag of apples.2)可数名词单数: a book, an orange, the story复数：some books, any oranges, a lot of stories, lots of tomatoes, a few students, few people, many boxes可数名词单数前一定要用冠词a、an、the（冠词：放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人/事物的一种虚词），其中a放在辅音音素开头的单词前，an放在元音音素头的单词前，要看单词的音标，不是看单词。可数名词单数第一次出现时用a/an，第二次及以后出现就要用the(元音音素前读、辅音音素前读

16、)。a book, a pen, a house, a university junivsti大学an apple, an orange, an old man, an hourar, an honest nst诚实的，正直的 boyhave breakfast/lunch/dinner, have a big/ light breakfast/lunch/dinnerplay basketball/football/volleyball vlibl (篮球、足球、排球)play the piano/violinvaln. There is a piano in the hall.I am a

17、lways the first one to come to school. He did (the) best in the last exam.English is one of the most difficult subjects.注：三餐及球类运动之前不用冠词，但是三餐之前加了修饰性形容词，就要用冠词。表示弹奏的乐器前要用the,表示存在的乐器前用a/an.序数词前要用the,形容词的最高级前也要用the，副词的最高级前可用the也可以不用。可数名词的复数形式的修饰词：some, any, many, a few, few, a lot of, lots ofIII.可数名词单数变复

18、数规则变化1.一般在名词的词尾+s,也有部分+es.加了 s/es的名词词尾巴的读音规则：清对清/s/，浊对浊/z/，元音对浊音/z/, /s/-/z/, /-/，/t/-/d/三对之后读/z/.练习II.试试读出下列名词复数的读音：cups books computers pens names bags treeslights roadscoatsdoorsnoseswatches classesboxeszoos radios knives leaves lives boys plays countries2.可数名词单数变复数规则变化1).以 s, x, sh, ch, z等结尾的名词+

19、es：bus-buses, box-boxes, dish-dishes, watch-watches2). 以y结尾的名词有以下两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词， 改 y为 i再+es：city-cities, story-stories 以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，直接+s： toy-toys, play-plays3).以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，改f/fe为 v 再+es的有：knife-knives, life-lives, leaf-leaves4).以o结尾的名词可以加s也可以加esphoto-photos zoo-zoos potato-potatoes tomato

20、-tomatoes)由汉语拼音形式出现的名词，单复数同形 fifty yuan， thirty fen，five li, Japanese yen日元 5 dollars, 10 pounds, 100 meters, 20 kilometers) 以下表示 “某国的人”，单复数同形：Chinese Japanese 其他以 “an”结尾的“某国的人”，直接+s，Americans, Canadians, Indians, Russians, 3. 名词单复数变化没有规则，需特别记忆的词man-men woman-women/wmn/ child-childrentldrn tooth-tee

21、th goose-geese foot- feet mouse-mice 老鼠 policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomenEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen 练习III：把下列句子单复数互换(能改的都要改)。1. This is a ruler. _2. Is that a ruler, too? _3. Whats this in English? Its a book._4. Are those apples? Yes, they are. _5. Whats that on the des

22、k？Its a box. _.6. Wheres your schoolbag? Its on the desk. _7. How is she? Shes fine. _.8. Who are they？They are my friends. _9. Are they from Canada? No, theyre from Cuba._10. I am a good student. _.11. My uncle is a teacher. My aunt is a nurse. _12. I have a bad tooth. I want to pull it out. _13. T

23、here is a child in the classroom. _14. He wants to live in a big city. _15. He is an Englishman. _16. They are Frenchwomen. _. 17. We took many photos in the zoos last week. _.18. He likes eating a potato every day. _19. My brother washes the dish after dinner. _20. Knives are used for cutting. _21.

24、 My sister is a policewoman. _参考答案：练习I: little, some, lots of/a lot of/much, a little, some, much, two kilos of milk, five bottles of orange, a bag of apples 练习II: cups/s/ books/s/ computers/z/ pens/z/ names/z/ bags/z/ trees/z/lights/s/ roads/z/ coats/s/ doors/z/ noses/z/ watches/z/ classes/z/boxes/

25、z/zoos/z/ radios/z/ knives/z/ leaves/z/ lives/z/ boys/z/ plays/z/ countries/z/ 练习III. 1.These are rulers. 2. Are those rulers, too? 3.Whatre these in English？ Theyre books. 4. Is that an apple? Yes, it is. 5. Whatre those on the desks? Theyre boxes. 6. Where are your schoolbags? Theyre on the desks.

26、 7. How are they? Theyre fine. 8.Who is he/she? He/She is my friend. 9. Is he/she from Canada? No, he/she isnt. He/ She is from Cuba.10. We are good students. 11. Our uncles are teachers. Our aunts are nurses. 12.We have bad teeth. We want to pull them out. 13.There are some children in the classroo

27、ms.14. They want to live in big cities. 15. They are Englishmen. 16. She is a Frenchwoman.17.I took a photo in the zoo last week. 18.They like eating potatoes every day.19. Our brothers washes the dishes after dinner. 20. A knife is used for cutting.21. Our sisters are policewomen.数词1定义：数词(Numeral n

28、um. ):指表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。2分类：数词分为两大类，即基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目：one, two, three, four越往后越大，two开始的基数词，后接可数名词的复数形式; 序数词表示顺序:first, second, third, fourth越往后越小，序数词前一般要加the，其后接可数名词的单数形式。3.数词的写法：数字基数序数数字基数序数数字基数序数1onefirst11eleveneleventh537 five hundred and thirty-seven2twosecond12twelvetwelfth20twentytwentieth3threet

29、hird13thirteenthirteenth30thirtythirtieth4fourfourth14fourteenfourteenth40fortyfortieth5fivefifth15fifteenfifteenth50fiftyfiftieth6sixsixth16sixteensixteenth60sixtysixtieth7sevenseventh17seventeenseventeenth70seventyseventieth8eighteighth18eighteeneighteenth80eightyeightieth9nineninth19nineteenninet

30、eenth90ninetyninetieth10tententh29 twenty-nine twenty-ninth100hundredhundredth13,225,040,969 thirteen billion, two hundred and twenty-five million, forty thousand, nine hundred and sixty-nine billion bljn 十亿 million mljn 百万 thousand aznd千4.基数词变序数词顺口溜：一二三特殊记，加th从四起； 八少t,九少e，千万别忘记； 逢五逢十二，ve要用f替；二十三十到九

31、十，ty改为tie；若遇几十几，前基后序就可以。 序数词前加the5大数词的确指与约指。 我们学校的图片馆有5,512,070本书。 There are five million, five hundred and twelve thousand and seventy bookss in our school library. 美国有几百万人感染了新冠肺炎。Millions of Americans have been infected with(感染) Covid-19.6.分数的表达法：子基母序，分子超过一，分母加s. 四分之一 a quarter/one fourth 二分之一 a h

32、alf 三分之一 one third 五分之二two fifths7.百分数的表达法：直接在数字后面加百分号，如18% eighteen percent psent70% of the earths surface is covered with water. 1% of the people have got Covid-19. 注意：动词用单数还是复数与百分数没有关系，由其后的名词确定。8.时间的表达法：Whats the time now?/ What time is it now? Its _. 1).直写法：点钟分钟 2).30分钟之前用（分钟past 点钟）3).30分钟之后用（6

33、0-分钟）to（点钟+1） 8:00 eight (oclock) 8:05 eight o five/five past eight 8:10 eight ten/ ten past eight 8:15 eight fifteen/ a quarter past eight 8:23 eight twenty-three/ twenty-three past eight 8:30 eight thirty half past eight 8:40 eight forty/twenty to nine 8:45 eight forty-five/ a quarter to nine 8:57

34、 eight fifty-seven/three to nine9.There be 句型：某地有某物 be动词可以直接用来否定或提问There is+可数名词单数/不可数名词 +介词短语表地点.There are+可数名词复数+介词短语表地点.There be +A, B and C +介词短语表地点. be用is 还是are 由A确定（there be句型的就近原则） -Whats on the desk? -There is a ruler on the desk. Whats= What is -Whats under the table?-There are some books a

35、nd a football under it. -Is there a ruler and two books on the desk?-Yes, there is. -There arent two books and a ruler on the desk.10.用have/has表示 “某人用某物” I/We/ You/ They + have+n. (用do来帮助否定或提问) He/She/ It + has +n. (用does来帮助否定或提问)I have a round face and big eyes. I dont have long hair.-Do you have l

36、ong hair? -No, I dont. I have short hair. He doesnt have big eyes. He only has small eyes. -Does she have a big family? -No, she doesnt. She only has a small family.描述人的外貌长相的句子，have/has可以和be动词互换。You have a small mouth. =Your mouth is small. It has long legs. = Its legs are long.It doesnt have a big nose. = Its nose is not big. 练习巩固：1 听写数字：_2.写出刚才的时间的英语（包括问法和答法） _3.翻译下列句子： 1)我们学校有54个班级，总共有27546个学生,但是三分之一的学生都不爱学习。_ _ 2) 我儿子的高考成绩是23572名。_ _ came out _ _ in the college entrance exam(高考) 3）-现在几点？ -10：17。 _ 4）我们每年种（plant）几百万棵树. _ 5)地板上有一些盒子。_