初中英语介词的使用口诀表(DOC 17页).doc

1、初中英语介词的使用口诀表 以下是一些介词的使用口诀,希望对大家有用：上午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in.以后，小处at大处in。 有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。 介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。特定时日和一就，on后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。a

2、t山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。 this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下，above、below则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。同类比较except，加for异类记心间。原状because of,、

3、owing to、 due to表语形容词under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。since以来during间，since时态多变换。与之相比beside，除了last but one。复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在.方面，有关介词须记全。in内to外，表位置，山、水、国界to在前。 1. 表示时间，注意以下用法：(1)

4、 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如：I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。 He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。(2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间，一般用 in。如：We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。 He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。(3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期，则用 on。如：He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿

5、。2. 表示地点、场所、位置等，注意以下用法：(1) 表示某一点位置，用 at。如：We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。与名词所有格连用表示地点，也用 at。如：at my sisters 在我姐姐家 at the doctors 在医务室(2) 表示空间或范围，用 in。如：Whats in the box? 这盒子里有什么?He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。但有时两者可换用。如：The

6、 meeting was held at in the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。(3) at 与 in 的另一个区别是：at 用于指较小的地方，而 in 用于指较大的地方。如：in Shanghai 在上海 at the station 在车站但是，大与小是相对的，有时随着说话者的着眼点不同，大地方也可能用 at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如：Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。(4)

7、 介词 on 用于地点，主要指在某物的表面。如：Whats on the table? 桌上有什么?Theres a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。注：在少数搭配中，也用介词 on。如：He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。3. 在某些搭配中，三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关：in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队at the weekend (

8、英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关：in bed / on the bed 在床上(from )in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上英语基础语法介词1. 介词的定义介词是一种用来表示词与词, 或者词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句成分。介词一定要有宾语，充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词、短语或句子，短语或从句。2. 介词的种类(1)简单介词，如at, in off, on, by,

9、to, with等。(2)合成介词，如into, inside, within, throughout等。(3)短语介词，如according to, because of, in addition to, in front of, in spite of等。(4)二重介词，如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。3. 介词的宾语(1)名词：Lets go for a walk along the river.咱们到江边散散步。(2)代词：Hes standing in front of me.我站在我前面。(3)形容词：Her pro

10、nunciation is far from prefect.她的语音远不是完美的。注：有的形容词前可看作是省略了being。(4)动名词：Hes good at drawing.他善长绘画。 (5)过去分词：I took it for granted that she was for England.我还以为她是英国的。注：过去分词作介词宾语只限于takefor granted结构和用于regardas后。(6)不定式：I had no choice but to lie down.除了躺下外我别无选择。She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。注：介词后通常是不能用不定式作

11、宾语的，只有表示“除外”的but, except等个别介词能接不定式作宾语。前面有行为动词do时，不定式不用to，否则要带to。 (7)疑问词+不定式：I dont know how to improve my English.我不知道如何提高我的英语水平。(8)副词：I didnt know it until recently.直到最近我才知道此事。(9)数词：He was among the first to arrive.他是第一批到的。(10)介词短语：She wont go home until after the exam.她要考完试之后再回家。(11)从句：Think of wh

12、at I said. 想想我说的话(from )。Im worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。I have doubts about whether(不用if) he is the best man for the job. 我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。注：除except that, in that等后可接that从句外，通常只接连接代词、连接副词及whether引导的从句，也不接if引导的从句。4. 介

13、词短语的作用介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，其用法如下：(1)作定语：The girl in red is my sister.穿红衣的那个女孩是我妹妹。注：介词短语作定语总是放在它所修饰的名词后面。(2)作状语：Can you say it in English?这个你会用英语说吗？(3)作表语：Hes in the office.他在办公室。(4)作补语：I always find her at her studies.我经常发现她在学习。(5)作介词宾语：I saw her from across the street.我从街对面望见了她。关于介词的宾语介词的宾语通常是名词或代词，若需动词作

14、宾语，则通常用动名词形式。但是以下几种情况比较特殊，考生需注意：1. 表示“除了”的介词 but, except 后接动词作宾语，通常用不定式；若其前有do，则不定式不带to，若其前没有do，则不定式通常带to。如：He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只是想留在那里。Ive done everything you wanted except cook the meals. 你要我干的事我全干了，只是还没做饭。2. 介词可接what从句作宾语，但通常不接that从句作宾语，遇此情况，应先在介词后加上 the fact。如：No one paid atten

15、tion to what he said. 没人注意他说的话。No one paid attention to the fact that he was poor. 没人注意他很穷。注：表示“除了”的except 后可接that从句。如(from )：He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. 他除了抽烟太多之外，没有什么特别的毛病。3. 在某些特殊结构中，形容词、副词、分词、介词短语等可用作介词宾语。如：Its too hot in here. 这里面太热了。The cat jumped out from under the

16、 bed. 猫从床下跳出来。Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。I cant regard the matter as settled. 我不能认为这事已经解决。常用介词用法练习1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre _ 6:30 pm at the latest. A. afterB. aroundC. untilD. by2. They held a ceremony _ those killed in the battle. A. in

17、honor ofB. instead ofC. in favor ofD. by means of3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing _ at home. A. but to readB. but readC. besides reading D. except to read4. Write your name and address on your bag _ you lose it. A. in any caseB. in caseC. in no caseD. in that case5. _ did the

18、professor give you much advice? The choice of a career. A. On whatB. In whatC. WhatD. For what 6. I made coat _ my own hands. It was made _ hand not with a machine. A. in; inB. in; withC. with; byD. with; with 7. He is running _ the wind towards the east of the station _ Tom running _ the right. A.

19、down; and; onB. against; with; onC. for; with; inD. with; while; to8. Not all of us know the difference _ wheat, oats and barley. A. amongB. betweenC. fromD. in 9. The young singer is quite popular _ the public. Shes made a remarkable achievement _ a girl of her age. A. with; to B. to; forC. with; f

20、or D. for; to10. The apple trees have lots of big apples _ them. And some birds are singing _ the trees. A. in; onB. at; inC. on; inD. with; through11. That woman will quarrel _ everybody _ anything. A. about; about B. about; withC. with; about D. with; with 12. The weather this month has been good

21、_ . A. on the wholeB. generally speakingC. above allD. on one hand13. We should divide all the potatoes _ two piles and separated the good ones _ the bad ones. A. from; byB. into; fromC. into; intoD. from; into14. They said the building would be completed _ a year.A. afterB. forC. inD. about15. Thes

22、e boxes are too heavy for me to carry. Here, Ill give you a hand _ them. A. forB. toC. withD. by答案解析1. D。从“戏剧在下午6:40开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。A项表示“下午6:30后到剧院”，C项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30为止”，均不合题意。B项干扰性最强，around意为“左右，大约”, 但在6:30 pm后有at the latest“最晚”,二者相矛盾。C项by是not later than(不迟于)之意，整合题意。2. A。in honour of意为“为庆祝(为向

23、. . . 表示敬意,为纪念”；instead of意为“代替; 而不是”；in favor of意为“赞成；支持”；by means of意为“通过; 用; 借助于”。根据句意“他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式”可知答案为A(from )。3. B。but, except 和besides都有“除之外”的意思，但没有”，相当于not including. 另外，but后面可接不定式to do,但如果but前面有实义动词dbesides是“除之外，还”的意思，等于in addition to; 而except, but 是“除之外， o的任何形式，不定式省略to。4. B。in any case意

24、为“在任何情况下”；in case意为“以防万一，如果”；in no case意为“决不”；in that case意为“如果那样的话”。句意为“在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丢失”。5. A。“教授给你提的什么建议?”“择业”。“关于的建议”应用介词on。6. C。by hand意为“用手工”；with“用”, 表示使用的工具, 手段，如He hit it with a hammer. 7. B。against the wind“逆风”；on the right意为“在后边”；介词with与一个复合结构构成短语，用作状语，说明状态、方式等。8. B。一般说来，between用于两者之间，amo

25、ng表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间的关系，适用于between. 如：The soldier is hidden between the trees. 在谈论事物间的差别时总是用between. 9. C。词组be popular with意为“受欢迎”，for“就而论，比较而言”。10. C。介词on意为“在之上，依附于”；in意为“(表场所，位置)在之内 / 上”in the tree 译为“在树上”。11. C。quarrel with sb. about / over意为“和某人争论某事”。句意为“那个女人无论碰到什么事儿, 总是和别

26、人争吵不休”。12. A。on the whole意为“总的来说；从总体上看”；generally speaking“一般说来”；above all意为“首先，最重要的”；on one hand意为“一方面”。句意为“这个月的天气基本上是好的” (from )。13. B。divideinto和separatefrom都有“把分开”的意思。但前者指“把整体分成若干部分”，后者指“把连在一起的分开”。14. C。in, after这两个介词都可以用来表达“在若干时间之后”。in 可以用于将来时态或一般过去时态的句子中；after 用于一般过去时，如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后，则不受时态的限制。

27、15. C。答语中的them指前一句的boxes。Give sb. a hand with sth. / in(at) doing sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。一、介词按其构成可分为： 1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until等。如：Hes worked there since 1998.2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of等。如：She is out of school. 她毕业了。3. 二重介词 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in等。如：Im from

28、 out of town. 我是从城外来的。4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of等。如：I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨，而是因为我累了。二、介词的作用：1. 表示地点： after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under等。如：Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。 They

29、lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。2. 表示时间： about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until等。如：After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。The accident happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。3. 表示动作：

30、at, across, around, on, over, under等。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。4. 表示比较： as, like, above, over, with等。如：She was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英语相比，汉语难得多。5. 表示原因： about, for, from, with等。如：D

31、ont worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。6. 表示条件： to, with, without等。如：Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。7. 表示手段、方式： as, by, in, with等。如：He behaved as a drunkard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。Learn the new words by heart.

32、记住这些生词。We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看。8. 表示距离、数量： from, in, within等。如：My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。9. 表示目的： as, for等。如：I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。Its time for class. 到上课的时间了。10. 表示让步： for, with等。如：For all his effort, he didnt succeed. 虽然他做

33、了一番努力，仍不能成功。With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，但他并不快乐。for还可以引导插入语，例如：I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议1.与形容词搭配的词组有： be afraid of(怕)be angry with(生某人的气)be away from(不在某地)be different from(与不同)be good at(善于)be good/ bad for (对有益/有害) be interested in(对感兴趣)be late for(迟到)be/g

34、et ready for(为作好准备)be sure of (对有把握) be worried about(为感到担忧)2.介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式1) You must take good care of her. 2) Thank you for teaching us so well. 3.几组易混淆的介词A.“在.之后”in +一段时间(用于一般将来时)after +一段时间(用于一般过去时)after +一点时间(常用于一般将来时)如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour. The baby will stop cryi

35、ng in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday. B.for +一段时间since +过去的一点时间这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。C.be made of 用制成 be made in“由某地制造” be made by somebody“由某人制成”D.in，on，at表时间in表示“在某月(季节、年等)”如：in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in th

36、e end on用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等。如：on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16 at用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中。固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time。注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里

37、有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow前不用介词。如：不能说in tomorrow ,只能说tomorrow(在明天)E. except +宾格/doing something 除之外”(不包括本身)Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换) =Only Lin Tao isnt at school today. F.“用”交通工具by plane 用语

38、言in English 通过媒介on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV 用工具手段with a pen, with ones hands G.between“在和(两者)之间”between.and., between the two. among在.之间(三者或三者以上)初中英语 介词练习11 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on 2 -There is nothing tomorrow

39、 afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up3 A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since 4 tie suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during 5 My grandfather was born _ Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D.

40、of6 The train is starting _ five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D. still 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on21 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past 2 We returned

41、to our hometown_.A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week 3 Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few yearsC. last year D. on the last year31 Children wake up very early _ the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at2 _ a cold winter morni

42、ng, I met her in the street.A. In B. On C. At D. For3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in41 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A. in; on B.

43、 on; in C. on; on D. in; in 2 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. A. on B. in C. at D. to3 Mrs. Brown came to China _ 1996.A. on B. of C. to, D. in4 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning _Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In; of C. On; for D. At; for 5 Ann

44、moved _ Hangzhou_ September, 1992.A. /; in B. to; in C. to; on D. in; in 6 They started off_ an autumn afternoon.A. during B. at C. in D. on51 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to2 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. fA. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on3 The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten. A: in B. at C. on D. of 4 The children get up _ 6 oclock.A. at B. on C. during D. in61 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A. for; with B. on; without