初中英语常用句型归纳-2(DOC 21页).doc

1、初中英语常用句型归纳1、be+表语（形容词、名词、介词短语、副词）The flower is red.(adj)He is a worker.(n.)They were at home.(prep.)She is out.(adv.)从上例可以看出，表语主要在系动词be之后,它与系动词be共同构成句子的谓语。除系动词be外，还有其它几个常用的表示状态及变化的系动词，如feel/smell/taste/turn/get/become/look/grow等。Tom felt tired.Her face turns red.I became a teacher last year.It is ge

2、tting longer and longer.They look the same.She grows old.2、-Cant you see?难道你看不见吗? -No,I cant.是的,我看不见。用情态动词（can/may/must）、系动词be、助动词（do/does/did）等的否定式开头的疑问句叫否定疑问句。表示惊奇、反问以及看法、建议等，有“难道不?”之意。在回答这种问句时要注意，如果回答是肯定的，就用yes，否定的就用no.这和汉语习惯不同。在否定疑问句中，not也可放在主语后面。但若位于主语前，须与系动词或助动词构成缩略式。-Didnt you go there?难道你没去哪

3、儿？-Yes,I did.不，我去了。Arent you a student?3、There be与have当“有”讲（1）There be+某人/物+某时/地。表示“某处有某任某物” be的单复数与后面的“某任物”一致。There is a book on the desk.There are a pen and two knife in the pencil-box.There be后面的主语若不是一个，be的单复数要和最近的一个一致。也可与并列的主语保持一致。There are two knives and a pen in the pencil-box.(2)have 强调人所有。当主

4、语为第三人称单数时，要用has.He has a new house.4、a. have not和dont have b. Have you?和Do you have?(1)have 作为行为动词“有”讲时，否定式为have/has+not,疑问式为have you /has you?也可加助动词do/does.I have not(=havent) a brother.Has he any water?They dont have any water.(2)have除了当有讲外，还有其他很多意思，如“吃”“饮”“得到”“允许”“遭受”等。这时的have是行为动词。否定式为dont/dosen

5、t have,疑问式为Do you have?Dose he/she/it have?I have my supper at eight.I dont have my supper at eight.Do have you supper at eight?(3)have可以和许多名词搭配，构成短语。Have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner,have a rest,have a look,have a walk/swim/drink/cold.5、-Do you want a red one or the blue one? -The blue one,please?

6、选择疑问句不能用yes/no来回答。-Shall I come or shall we meet at the stop?-Lets meet at the stop.6、a.-Youre a teacher,arent you? -No,I am not. B.-You dont like the story,do you? -Yes,I do.(1)反意疑问句提出问题，询问对方意见，一般由两部分构成；前一部分用陈述形式，后一部分为一个简单的问句。一般说来，有“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”的形式。(2)对于“前否后肯”的反意疑问句，其回答方式与否定疑问句的应答一致。如果回答是肯定的就用yes，否

7、定的就用no。He didnt come,did he?他没来，对不对？No,he didnt.是的，他没来。(3)反意疑问句特例：a.I am late,arent I?b.He has little water,does he?c.Lets go home,shall we?d.Let us look at your book,will you?e.Open/dont close the door,will you?f.He must be in the room,isnt he？(推测)g.We must go now,mustnt we?（必须）h.Everyone is here,a

8、rent they?i.One should try ones best,shouldnt one/he?j.Everything is all ready,isnt it?k.Youd better go,hadnt you？l.I think she is right, isnt she?m.He says she is right,doesnt he?(4)反意问句前有hardly/few/little/never/no/nobody, /nothing等否定词时，后面用肯定形式。(5)主语是everyone/anyone/somebody/no one等不定代词时，多用they替代。(

9、6)主语是everything/something/nothing时，要用it代替。7、a.What+a/an+adj.+单数可数n.+主语+谓语！ b.What +adj.+复数可数n./不可数n.+主语+谓语！ c.How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语！ d.How+主语+谓语！感叹句以what和how引导，常用来表示说话时的惊奇、喜悦、气愤等情绪。what用来修饰名词，how用来修饰形容词。What a lovely boy(he is)!How lovely the boy is!What beautiful flowers!How time flies!8、Its time to

10、do sth与Its time for sth这两个句型都表示“到了该做什么事的时候了”。Its time to have supper.=Its time for supper.9、a.It took sb.some time to do sth. b.sb.spent+钱/一段时间+on/(in doing)sth. c.sth cost +sb +钱。(1)句型a表示“某人花多少时间去干某事”。It took me 3 hours to go there.(2)句型b表示“某人做某事花费多少钱或多少时间”。I spent 3 hours (in) going there.He spent

11、3 on that book.(3)句型c表示“某物花某人多少钱”。That book cost me 3.10、a.It is/was +adj./n.+to do sth.b.主语+谓语+it+ adj.+to do sth.a.It做形式主,b.it做形式宾语。真正的主语或宾语为后面的不定式短语。It is important to study hard.I think it difficult to see in the dark.11、a.it is +adj.+for + to do sth.b.it is +adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.c.it is +adj.+

12、that+从句。 这三个句型中it为形式主语。如果sb.与adj.有逻辑上的主谓关系，就用of，反之用for。It is possible for you to do that.You 与possible不能构成主谓结构.故用for.类似的有:difficult/important/easy/necessary/dangerous/hard/interesting.It is kind of you to do so.You与kind可构成主谓结构,故用of.类似的形容词有:polite/wise/foolish/clever/good/honest/nice/rude/brave.此句型可改

13、为用sb.作主语的句子:You are kind of to do so.名型c.一般适用于下述几个单词：true/clear/certain.It is true that he is angry with her.12、sb.+be+形容词+to do sth. +that+从句。 此句型用人做主语，后常跟随表达人的感情、能力等的形容词。如：angry/pleased/glad/happy/sure/surprised/afraid.注意此句型一般不可改成“It is +形容词+that”或“It is +adj.+of/for+sb.+to do sth.的句型。Im glad to s

14、ee you.Im angry to hear that. be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事Be afraid doing sth.担心会发生。=be afraid that从句。13、a.tooto太以致不能b.(not) enoughto足够（不能）去做c.so+adj./adv.+thatd.such+a/an+单数可数名词/复数名词+that（1）句型a能把两个简单句合并为一个简单句。too是副词，后接形容词或副词，不可接名词。to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。We are very tired.We cant go.-We are too tired to go.（2

15、）tooto是个否定结构,如果在前面加上not或never就成为肯定结构:不太以致能Its never too old to learn.活到老学到老。（3）enoughto是个肯定结构, enough修饰名词时可前置也可后置,修饰形容词或副词时必须后置.to不定式结构作状语.My sister is old enough to go to school.=My sister is too young to go to school.（4）句型a.b.可转化为从句c.或d.My sister is old enough to go to school.=My sister is too you

16、ng to go to school.=My sister is so young that she doesnt go to school.=My sister is such a young girl that she doesnt go to school.14、It seems +that+从句。似乎是It seems that your idea is better.似乎你的主意更好。It seems that she is sad these days.=She seems sad these day.这些天她好像郁郁不乐。15、It is/has been+一段时间+since+

17、从句的过去时。自从已有一段时间了。It is 3 years since I came here.自从我到这儿已有三年了。It has been 5 years since he went to the USA.他去美国已有5年了。16、a.asas与not so/asasb.比较级+thanc.最高级+of/in短语（1）句型a.是同级比较的常用句型。“not so/asas”是“asas”的否定式。He is as old as she.她和他同岁。She is not so/as tall as he.她不如他高。（2）句型b.表示“一物比另一物更”用于两者比较。This ball is

18、 a little smaller than that one.The students of Class 1 study harder than those of Class 2. 比较对象不可搞错，被比较的部分应平行、对等。She sings much/far better than Mary.比较级前常用much/far/even/a little/a bit等词修饰，但不可再用more.(3)句型c.是三者以上比较时表达最高级的常用句型，应注意同类比较用of，有时移至句首，以加强语气，表示范围时才用in。Of all the stars,the sun is the nearest t

19、o the earth.在众多恒星中，太阳历地球最近。He runs fastest in the class.17、a.比较级+than+any(other)+单数名词 =比较级+than+anyone/anything else.b.the +比较级，the+比较级句型a.是用比较级来表达最高级意义。New York is bigger than any other city in the USA.纽约比美国其他任何一个城市都大。Tom studies better than anyone else in the class.句型b.，两个比较级分别在句首，意思是“越就越”，表示两者的程度

20、同步增长。The more,the better.多多益善。The higher we went up the hill,the colder it became.18、a.neithernor既不也不b.eitheror或者（要么）或者（要么）c.not onlybut also不但而且d.notbut不是而是上述句型属于同一类结构，并列连词须连结对等的词或短语，且连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和最近的一个主语一致。Neither he nor you are wrong.=Both he and you are right.你和他都没错。Either Mary or Tom wants t

21、o go there.要么（不是）玛丽要么（就是）汤姆想去哪儿。She not only speaks English well but also writes English well.她不但英语说得好，而且写得好。He is not a teacher,but a farmer.他不但是教师而是个农民。19、a.so+adj./adv.+that从句b.such+a/an/the+adj.+n.+that从句“如此以致”（1）sothat引导的是一个结果状语从句，主句和从句时态要保持一致。They stared so early that they could get to the sto

22、p on time.他们动身的如此早以致准时到达了车站。(2)“suchthat”意思同于“sothat”,但such后修饰名词，so后修饰形容词或副词。He is such a good boy that we all like him.=He is so good a boy that we all like him.他是一个如此好的男孩，以致我们都喜欢他。 修饰名词复数时，只能用such,不可用so.20、a.have to不得不，必须（=must）b.dont have to 不必（=neednt）c.will have to得，将有必要。上述结构都是由have构成的，使用时应特别注意

23、：have to 虽与must意义相同，但have强调客观，must强调主观。Its too late,I have to go.We must work hard.You dont have to come here.=You neednt come here.He will have to do that.21、a.had better do(do的前面可以直接加not)b.Its best to do.最好干表示“最好做某事”，常用上述句型。但应注意句型a中“had better”后跟的是动词原形，而句型b中用的是“to do”.Hed better go home.Its best t

24、o go there.22、Whatslike?是什么样子的？此句型可以用于对人、物的外貌及天气的询问。Whats the weather like today?=Hows the weather today?Whats the new teacher like?23、a.be worth doing值得做b.be busy doing=be busy with忙于句型a.的主语一般是物。句型b的主语一般是人。This book is well worth reading.(well不可换成very)The film is worth seeing.Im busy doing my homew

25、ork.=Im busy with my homework.24、notuntil直到才until(=till)既可引导句子，又可接短语。He will not come until eight oclock.Dont get off until the bus stops.25、If从句，主语+can/may/will如果，就这是以if引导的条件状语从句。在条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。If it doesnt rain tomorrow,I will go home.If you get up early,you can catch the bus.另外，在时间状语从句中，也用一般

26、现在时代替将来时。26、祈使句+and/then/or+并列句如果祈使句有肯定意味，就用and/then连接两个并列句；如果祈使句有否定意味，就用or连接两个并列句。Hurry up,or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up,youll be late.Look here,and/then you can find out the answer.=if you look here,you can find out the answer.27、have been to与have gone to 二者都是现在完成时的常用句型。（1） Have been to强调

27、“某人去过某地，说话时已回来”。He has been to America twice. （2）has gone to 强调“某人去了某地，说话时尚未回来（可能在路上，也可能到了那里）。”-Wheres the tom?-He has gone to America.28、a.Would you like some?你想要点什么吗？b.Would you like to?你想/愿意吗？c.Would you/Will you please?请您好吗？（1）句型a.是“提供帮助”时的常用句型，其肯定回答一般是：Thanks.多谢。That would be nice/fine.多谢，太好了。Y

28、es,please.行，请吧。其否定回答一般是：No thanks.不了，谢谢。Thats very kind of you,but那太谢谢你了，只是。-Would you like some tea？来点茶，好吗？-Thats very kind of you,but I wont.谢谢，我不要了。（2） 句型b.是表示“谢谢”时的常用句型。其回答一般是：Yes ,Id love to是的，我非常愿意。Id like/love to,but我很乐意，但-Would you like to come to my party?-Yes ,Id love to.答语中的to不可省去。（3） 句型c

29、.是表示“请求”的常用句型。其回答是：Sure/certainly/with(great)pleasure.-Will you please turn off the radio?-With great pleasure.29、a.May I?我可以吗？b.Can/could I?我能吗?这都是表示“请求、允许”的常用句型。其回答是：Yes./Certainly./Of course./Ok./Sure.-Could I open the window?-Ok.-May I borrow your pen?-Sure.30、a.Hello!may I speak to?喂，请找接电话好吗?b.

30、Is that(speaking)?你是？c.Whos that？那是谁？几个打电话的习惯用语。回答时为：This isspeaking./ Speaking.-Hello!may I speak to mary?-Speaking./This is Mary.31、a.Thanks a lot+for+n.感谢你 Thank you+for+doing感谢你b.Excuse me for+doing.请原谅（1）句型a.是“感谢某人做某事”的常用句型。其回答：Not at all./Thats all right./Youre welcome.-Thank you very much for

31、 helping me.-Not at all.(2)句型b.是“请求别人原谅某事”的习惯说法。其回答：Nothing./Thats all right./Its doesnt matter.Excuse me for not phoning you.对不起，没给你打电话。Never mind./ Thats all right.没关系。32、a.Im going to我打算b.I will我要（愿意）c.Id like/love to我想要d.I want/hope to我想/希望表“意愿”的习惯用语。指的是本人的想法。Im going to go to the cinema this af

32、ternoon.I hope to see you soon.33、a.Excuse me.which is the way to,please?b.Excuse me.Can/Could you tell me the way to?c.Excuse me.How can I get to?劳驾，请问到的路怎么走？问路的常用语。-Excuse me,which is the way to the park?-Go down this street.Turn left at the first crossing.34、a.What day is it today?今天是星期几？b.Whats

33、the date today? 今天是几号？c.What time is it?=Whats the time,please?请问几点了？ （略）35、a.Shall we?我们好吗？b.Lets让我们c.What/How about?怎么样？d.Why not?=Why dont+主语？为什么不? 建议的5种句型。回答一般为：(Thats a)Good idea./Ok./All right./Yes,please.否定回答一般为：No,please dont./Sorry./Im not free.句型a.b.d后直接跟动词原形。c.后跟名词或动名词。-Shall we leave now

34、?-Good idea.-What/How about going out for a walk?-Sorry,Im not free.-Why not go there?=Why dont you go there?-All right.36、a.theres sth wrong with =Sth is wrong with有毛病。b.whats wrong with? Whats the matter with?怎么了？（有什么毛病？） 这是陈述或询问某人或某物有什么毛病或麻烦时的习惯用语。There is something wrong with the machine.-Whats

35、wrong with you?-Ive got a headache.37、There is no time(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没时间干某事There is no time to wait for him.There is no time for me to play basketball.38、a.There be going to be将举行（主语是活动）b.Sb be going to have.将举行（主语是人）There is going to be a party this evening.Im going to have an evening party

36、 tomorrow.39、a.be good for对有益处b.be bad for对有害处Doing morning exercises is good for you.Drinking too much is bad for you.40、a.What doesmean?是什么意思？b.What do you mean by?你说是什么意思？这是理解语言过程中常用的句型。What does “congratulations!” mean?What do you mean by “congratulations!”?41、a.动词+to do(不定式前可加not)b.动词+doingc.动词

37、+to do/doing(1)句型a.中的动词只能跟不定式作宾语.这个句型中的动词最常用的有:wish/hope/agree/decide/want/refuse/choose/learn/promise,Cant wait.Do you want to do that?He agreed to buy me a book.We choose to go home.Tom decided not to go there.(2)句型b.中的动词只能跟动名词作宾语.这个句型中的动词最常用的有:mind/give up/enjoy/finish/cant help(禁不住)/keep onWould

38、 you mind (my) closing the door?Dont give up trying.He couldnt help crying.(3)句型c.中的动词既可跟动词不定式,也可跟动名词,但意义和用法不尽相同.这个句型中的动词常见的有:Stop/need/remember/forget/try. 【比较】 stop doing sth. 停止干某事（doing作宾语） stop to do sth.停下来去干某事（to do作状语） remember doing sth.记着干过某事（动作已完成） remember to do sth. 记着去干某事（动作未完成） forget

39、 doing sth. 忘记干过某事（动作已完成） forget to do sth. 忘记去干某事（动作未完成） try doing sth.尝试去干某事 try to do sth.极力，试图去干某事 need doing(=to be done)需要(主语一般是物) need to do.需要去干某事（主语一般是人） love/like doing sth.(表泛指)喜欢干某事 love/like to do sth.(表确指) 喜欢干某事【例】When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking.当老师进来时，学生们停止谈话。He

40、stopped to have a look.他停下来看了看。I remembered seeing the film.我记得看过这个电影。Please remember to post the letter.请记住把信投上。You need to see a doctor.你需要去看医生。The shoes need repairing/to be repaired.这些鞋需要补。I like playing basketball.我喜欢打篮球。I like to play basketball today.今天我喜欢打篮球。42、vt.+宾语+宾语补足语英语中的宾补足语可以由不定式、名词、

41、形容词、分词充当。（1）vt.+宾语+to do(不定式前可加not)这种结构最常用的有：Ask/tell/want/wish/invite/like/love/teach/choose.He asked me to go quickly.They invited me to have dinner.Tell him not to touch it.(2)vt.+宾语+do这种结构最常用的动词有：一感feel,二听hear、listen,三让let、have、make,四看watch、look at、see、notice,半帮助help.(这里的半是help后的动词不定式to可带可不带)He

42、noticed the dog go out.I felt my heart beating.You cant Tom do that.He helps me study/to study English.(3)vt.+宾语+名词这个句型最常用的动词有：call/name/make/choose/elect.We call him Tom.We choose Jack our monitor.(4)vt.+宾语+形容词这个句型最常用的动词有：find/get/keep/make/set/cut.The boys cut the shoes open.The sun keep us warm.P

43、lease make it clear.(5)vt.+宾语+doing+(现在分词)现在分词做宾补，表动作正在进行，这个句型最常用的动词有：keep/hear/see/watch/find/feel.He kept me waiting and waiting.I heard him singing in the next room.(6)vt.+宾语+done+(过去分词)过去分词做宾补表示“某事被做”或经历某件事。此句型一般结构是：have/get sth.done.Ill have/get my hair cut.我要理个发。The farmer got his planting don

44、e before rain came.那农民在雨季前完成了种植。43、vt.+间接宾语+直接宾语此句型中的动词跟双宾语，当变换双宾语位置时，需加介词for或to.(1)bring/lend/hand/pass/send/write/read/show/tell/give/throw/pay.上述动词可以跟双宾语，当变更直接宾语与间接宾语顺序时，需加to.Please throw him the book.-Please throw the book to him.He gave us an English lesson.-He gave an English lesson to us.She

45、sent me a letter.She sent a letter to me.(2)buy/get/cook/leave/play(演奏)/sing/make(制作)/choose.上述动词带双宾语，若变更其顺序，须加介词for.Tom made me a card.-Tom made a card for me.I choose her a present.-I choose a present for her.44、vt.+疑问句+to do此句型中的动词，其后不能直接跟不定式，须加疑问词，再加to do,相当于一个宾语从句。这个句型最常见的动词有：know/wonder/tell/show/ask/find out/learn.I dont know how to do it.我不知如何去