1、初中英语固定搭配大全由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理:一、动词 + 介词1look at 看, look like 看上去像, look after照料2listen to 听3welcome to欢迎到4say hello to向问好5speak to 对说话此类短语相当于及物动词, 其后必须带宾语, 但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。二、动词 + 副词“动词 + 副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:A动词( vt. )+ 副词1put on穿上 2take off脱下 3 write down记下此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能
2、放在副词的前面。B动词( vi) + 副词。1come on赶快2 get up起床3 go home回家4come in进来5sit down坐下6 stand up起立此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games10. play games 介词短语聚焦 “介词 + 名词 / 代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将
3、 Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。1in+ 语言 / 颜色 / 衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着。2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在排 / 队/ 班级 / 年级”等。3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/表示“在上午 / 下午 / 傍晚”等一段时间。4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在书桌 / 铅笔盒 / 卧室里”。5in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有 )”;on the tree 表示“在树上 (为树本身所有 )”。6in the wall表示“在墙上(凹
4、陷进去) ”;on the wall 表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。7at work (在工作) /at school (上学) /at home (在家)应注意此类短语中无 the 。8at +时刻表示钟点。9like this/that表示方式,意为“像这 / 那样”。10 of短语表示所属关系。11 behind/ beside/ near/ under+名词等,表示方位、处所。12 from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从”,后者意为“到”。另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。 如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at thedoor, in the m
5、iddle,in the sky, on ones bike等。重点句型大回放1I think 意为“我认为”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don t think,2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth.意为“把给”,动词 give 之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型; 若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用 give it/ them to sb.3take sb./ sth. to意为“把(送 )带到”,后常接地点,也可接人。4One , the other /One is and one is 意为“一个是;另一个是”,必须是两者中。5Let s
6、b. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事” ,人后应用不带 to 的动词不定式,其否定式为 Don t let sb ,do sth. ,或 Let sb.not do sth. 另外, Let s 与 Let us 的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. withsth. 意为“帮助某人做某事” ,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换 .7What about?/Howabout ?意为“怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about 为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing 等形
7、式。8It s time to do/ It s time for sth.意为“该做的时间了”,其中 to 后须接原形动词, for 后可接名词或V-ing形式。9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”, 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,10 ask sb.(not) to do sth.意为“让某人 (不要 )做某事”,其中 ask sb. 后应接动词不定式,11 show sb. sth. / show sth. to do.意为“把某物给某人看” ,该句型的用法同前面第 2 点。12 introduce sb. t
8、o sb.意为“把某人介绍给另一人” ;introduce to sb. 则是“向某人作介绍”。重点短语快速复习 1.kinds of各种各样的2. either or 或者 或者,不是就是3. neithernor 既不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it中国清茶5. take a seat就坐6. home cooking家常做法7. be famous for 因而著名8. on onesway to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital 生病住院10. at the end of 在的尽头,在的末尾11. wait for
9、 等待12. in time及时13. just then正在那时14.make ones way to 往(艰难地)走去15. first of all首先,第一16. go wrong走错路17. be/get lost迷路18. make a noise吵闹,喧哗19. get on上车20. get off下车21. stand in line站队22. waiting room候诊室,候车室23. at the head of在的前头24. laugh at嘲笑25. throw about乱丢,抛散26. in fact实际上27. at midnight在半夜28. have a
10、 good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb.和某人吵架30. take ones temperature给某人体温31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache头痛33. as soon as 一就34. feel like doing sth.想要干某事35. stop from doing sth.阻止干某事36. fall asleep入睡37. again and again再三地,反复地38. wake up醒来,叫醒39. instead of代替40. look over检查41. t
11、ake exercise运动42. had better(not) do sth.最好(不要)干某事43. at the weekend在周末44. on time按时45. out of从向外46. all by oneself独立,单独47. lotsof=alotof许多48. nolonger/more=notanylonger/more不再49. get back 回来,取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away逃跑52. eat up吃光,吃完53. run after追赶54. take sth. with sb.某人随身带着某物55. take(go
12、od) care of=look after(well)(好好)照顾,照料56. think of 考虑到,想起57. keep a diary坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself把某人单独留下59. harder and harder越来越厉害60. turn on 打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)61. turn off关重温重点句型 1So + be 助动词情牵动词主语前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/Nor+ be 助动词情态动词 + 主语”这种倒装结构
13、。注意:“ So+ 主语 +be 助动词情态动词 ”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此。 ”“是呀。”2Turn right left at the firstsecond crossing.这一指路的句型意为“在第一二个十字路口向右左拐。”相当于Takethe firstsecond turning ontheright left.3It takes sb some time to do sth此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。 ”其中的 it 是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语.4think find + it + adj. + to do st
14、h.此句型中的it 是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。5What s wrong with?此句型相当于 What s the matter/ trouble with?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”6too to 在 so that 复合句中,that 后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句 too to (太而不能)进行句型转换。在 so that 复合句中, that 后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句 enough to 进行句型转换 .7Sorry to hear that.全句应为
15、I m sorry to hear that.意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾) 。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。重点句型、词组大盘点 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher.她过去是一位汉语老师。用法 used to +动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。搭配 used to do的否定式可以是usedn t to do或didn t use to do.比较 used to do sth.过去常做某事; be/ get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事; be used to do sth.被用来做某事。2
16、.return it sooner or later.迟早要将它归还。用法 l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。2)return此处用作及物动词,意为“归还” ,相当于 give back.拓展 return还可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于 go back 或 come back 。3.No matter what the weather is like无论天气用法 no matter what相当于 whatever ,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句。拓展 类似 no matter what的表达方式还有:no matter when无论什么时候nbsp; n
17、bsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方no matter who无论谁no matter how无论怎么样4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。用法 practise doing sth.表示“实践、练习(做)某事” 。拓展 practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”; put a plan into practice实行某计划。5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, r
18、ivers, seas andoceans.他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。用法 1)encourage用作动词,意思是“鼓励” 、“支持”。2)take part in“参加”,常表示参加活动。3)protect是动词,表示“防御” 、“保护”。搭配 1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害6. to warn people about sharks in the water.警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。用法 w
19、arn 用作动词,意思是“警告” 、“警戒”。搭配 1)warn sb.+ that从句2)warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事3)warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事4)warn sb. against(doing) sth. 告诫某人当心某事 / 不要做某事常用动词短语1.have : havea cold,cough,fever,headache,pain;timehave a great effect onhavea goodhad better dosthhave a match,meeting,discussion;have no choice but to
20、 do sthhave a resthave on2.make : make a promisemake room formake a facemake a livingmake a mistakemake a speechmake it a rulemake intomake upmake from3.take : take a seattake an interest intake on (a new look)take steps to dotake caretake part intake the place oftake medicinemake a decisionmake sen
21、se make use ofmake an effort to do sthmake up ones mind to do sthmake a noisemake an apologymake itmake out of make ofmake a calltake a message fortake offtake overtake some measures to do sthtake chargetake placetake turns to do sthtake up4.go :go coldbe gonewantagofishing,shopping,swimming,go on d
22、oing sthgo on with sthgo wellgo outgo againstgo on a picnic5.get :getdowntodoinghurt,married,dressed,caughtget overget ready forget inget on well withget in to the habit of doingget rid of get tired of6.put : put onput offput output away put down7.play : play an important part inplay football8.keep
23、: keep backkeep offkeep one s promisekeep up withkeep on doing9.give : give awaygiveoffgiveupsthgo hungrygo dadgogo on to do sthgo downgo headgo overgo withoutgo throughget offget upget throughget togetherget used to doing sthput forwardput upput on weightplay an important role inplay the pianokeep
24、in touch withkeep outkeep upkeep sb from doingkeep ordergive outgivein givesomeskating,getadviceon give a talk on sth10. come : come aboutcome on come outcome true come up11. bring : bring downbring up bring along12. break : break downbreak away frombreak intobreak in13. turn : turn downturn intotur
25、n inturn againstturn up14. look : look outlook down uponlook atlook aroundlook as iflook back upon15. do : do sb a favourdo a good deedgive first aidcome acrosscome to oneselfbring inbreak outbreak upbreak offturn to sbturn offturn overturn away turn onturn out tolook uplook afterlook forlook overlo
26、ok forward to doing sthlook into look ondo up do ones hairdo wrong1.弄清词语自身结构用法学生做题时往往仅限于依据词语的中文含义,简单对照。这样就造成了许多中文正确,而英语结构上的错误。如“允许某人干某事” ,allow sb to do sth,而不可用做 agree sb to do sth.“同意干某事”说allow doing sth.而 agree 却应为 agree to do sth.再如 :“希望某人去干某事” expect sb to do sth. 不可说为 hopesbtodosth. “ 建议某人去干某事
27、” ,说 advise sb to do. 就不可说是 suggest sb to do sth.这是根据动词自身的基本用法而决定的。这些更需要学习中不断积累。下面是一些常用动词的不同结构用法:A.以下动词与不定式连用afford to do sth.afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,care,claim,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,failhappen,help,hope,intend,learn,man-age,mean,need,offer,plan,pretend,promise,r
28、efuse,seem,used,want,wishB.以下动词与动名词连用admitdoingsthadmit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,can thelp,consider,delay,dreamof,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forbid,giveup,imagine,insiston,keep,mind,miss,order,persistin,practice,putoff,request,require,risk,stand,stop,suggestC.以下动词与不定式复合结构连用即advise sb t
29、o do sth.advise,allow,ask,beg,callon,cause,consider,dependon,encourage,expect,find,force,get,hate,instruct,invite,like,longfor,need,oblige,permit,persuade,prefer,remind,request,require,suppose,waitfor,warn,etc.let,have,make,(使 役动词后的不定式去掉to)see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel(感官动词后的不定式去掉 to)
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