美国独立战争(英文版)课件.ppt

1、American Revolutionary WarThe development of British colonies in North AmericaResidents composition1.Host:Indian2.European immigrants-mostly British3.Cobra VerdeThe formation of the American nation1.Common language and culture,Unified market 2.The development of North American capitalistBritish colo

2、nial rule in North America1.Raw materials and commodity markets2.Rebellious moodIntroductionThe Revolutionary warThe BackgroundThe CausesThe ProcessThe SignificanceThe revolutionary war1775-1783Also known as the American Revolution Between the British and the North American coloniesThe war of libera

3、tion and bourgeois revolutionThe BackgroundThe Seven Years War(1756-1763)The development of economy in North America colonies The enhancement of American national consciousnessThe CausesThe development of economy in North America colonies British colonial domination hindered the development of Ameri

4、can capitalismThe Stamp Act&The Quartering Act1763 1764 1765 1767 1770 1773 1774Steps to RevolutionBritish ActionsThe Proclamation of 1763The Sugar ActTownshend ActsBoston Massacre Tea Act Intolerable ActsEach step moved us closer to warColonial ResponsesColonists were angrySmugglingThe Stamp Act Co

5、ngress&Sons of LibertyMore boycotts&Daughters of Liberty Committee of CorrespondenceBoston Tea PartyContinental CongressWARThe ProcessThe Blasting FuseBoston Tea Party,December 16,1773Sam Adams led a group of Patriots disguised as Indians on a raid of British ships docked in Bostons harbor.They dump

6、ed the cargos of tea overboard.In 1774,Britain issued 5 intolerable laws1772-1774,established communication committee to carry out anti-British struggleThe First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress Declaration of RightsPeace petitionBeginningShot of Lexington,1775.4.18The Americans w

7、ere told,“Do not fire unless fired uponbut if they mean to have a war,let it begin here!”Forming of armyIn mid-1775In Philadelphia:The Second Continental CongressPatriot representatives of the 13 colonies of America Appointed George Washington as commander in chief of the Continental ArmyJefferson,F

8、ranklin was appointed to draft the Declaration of IndependenceForming of stateMay 1776,the third Continental CongressJuly 4,1776,The Declaration of IndependenceAnnouncing the birth of the United StateThe Declaration of IndependenceDrafted by Ben Franklin,John Adams and Thomas JeffersonSigned on July

9、 4,1776We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal,that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,that among these are Life,Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：造物者创造了平等的个人，并赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。Turning Point -Saratogas g

10、reat victoryOctober 17,1777Lieutenant General John Burgoyne was forced to surrender with his entire armyFrance and the United States signed a military alliance treaty in February 1778.France officially recognized the United states.France,Spain,Holland participated in the war.Final Victory -Yorktown

11、campaignOctober 19,1781The British General Cornwallis together with his solders surrended to George WashingtonNovember 30,1782 a preliminary armistice treaty in ParisTreaty of Paris Drafted November 30,1782SignedSeptember 3,1783Main Contents：1.Britain acknowledged the United States to be free,sovere

12、ign,and independent states2.Establishing the boundaries of the United StatesThe promulgation of the Constitution and the establishment of the federal governmentIn 1787,the United States issued the ConstitutionWashington was elected to first PresidentThe establishment of the federal government of the

13、 United StatesThe reason for victoryThe justice of warThe active participation of the massesThe wise command of WashingtonThe Continental armys courageous fightingInternational support from France,Holland and other countriesThe SignificanceEnded colonial domination of the UK,and achieved national in

14、dependenceEstablished the bourgeois political systemLaid the foundation for the rapid development of American capitalismHad a positive impact on the French Revolution and the Latin Americas independence movement Did not solve the land problemDid not solve the problem of slaveryMakes the economic dev

15、elopment of north and south towards the two different ways that ultimately led to the outbreak of the American Civil War.Casualties and losses6,824 killed in battle25,00070,000 dead from all causesOverall casualties up to 50,000France:10,000 battle deaths(75%at sea)Spain:5,000 killedNetherlands:500 killed4,000 army troops killed in battle 27,000 army troops died of disease 1,243 navy killed in battle,42,000 deserted,18,500 died from disease At least 51,000 dead from all causesGermans:1,800 killed in battle 4,888 deserted 7,774 dead from all causesThank You!