英语新闻的标题语言课件.ppt

1、HeadlinesePart I:Grammatical FeaturesPart II:Wording FeaturesPart III:Rhetorical Features1.Omission2.Tense3.Voice4.Punctuation1.OmissionOmission of function words,such as articles,possessive pronouns,be verbs,auxiliary verbs,etc.省略冠词、物主代词、系动词、助动词,等等37 Killed in Italian Plane Crash=37 Killed in an It

2、alian Plane CrashLaurel,Aquino Cut TiesLaurel and Aquino Cut Ties(劳雷尔和阿基诺夫人分道扬镳）Gunfire,Explosions Rock Mumbai Hotel=Gunfire and Explosions Rock(a)Mumbai HotelMother,Daughter Share Fulbright Year=(A)Mother(and)Her Daughter Share(a)Fulbright Year母女同享富布莱特访学年Three Dead After Inhaling Oven Gas.=Three Ar

3、e Dead After Inhaling Oven Gas.Political Efforts Vital to Reform-Party Leader=Political Efforts Are Vital to Reform-Party LeaderFinancier Killed By Burglars=(A)Financier Is Killed By BurglarsMoscows Food Prices Soaring=Moscows Food Prices Are Soaring保留冠词、连词和系动词等虚词：顾全某些习语或词组的完整性e.g:1)Combat on the We

4、b 网络之战2）TB on the Rise Again in London 伦敦地区结核病卷土重来新闻标题中一般不用过去时态，而采用现在时态，使读者阅报时一如置身于这条新闻事件中，这叫做“新闻现在时”(Journalistic Present Tense)，与文学写作中的“历史现在时”(Historical Present Tense)实际上完全一样。英语新闻标题中常用的动词时态主要有三种：一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时。现分述如下：新闻用了过去时态，容易给人一种陈旧感，被认为新闻不“新”。e.g:Heavy Rain Lashed Cityvs Heavy Rain Lashes Ci

5、ty一般现在时从形式上来增强报道的此外，标题采用动词的一般现在时还可省去动词过去式构成中常见的“ed”两个字母，节省标题字数。Russian Leader Meets Fidel Castro In Cuba(Russian Leader Meets(Met)Fidel Castro InGunfire,Explosions Rock Mumbai Hotel(Gunfire and Explosions Rocked a Mumbai Hotel)注意：当标题中出现时间状语时，动词用过去时。例如：Unemployment in U.K.Increased in October 十月份英国失业

6、率上升对于正在发生的事态或动作,英语新闻标题采用“Be现在分词”这一形式，但其中“Be”又通常省略。因此，剩下的ing分词便在新闻标题中直接表示正在进行的动作或正在发展的事态。例如：BBC Considering Starting Global Television Service(BBC is Considering Starting(the)Global Television Service）Deposits,Loans Rising In Shanghai.(Deposits And Loans Are Rising In Shanghai)标题中动词的将来时：1）will+动词原形Ne

7、xt Century will Challenge Law of Land2）更多采用“be动词不定式”，其中be通常省略，以节省标题字数。即动词不定式在英语新闻标题中可直接表示未来动作。例如：Romania to Buy Iran Oil at$35 a Barrel=Romania is to Buy Iran Oil at$35 a BarrelLargest Chinese Trade Delegation to Visit US in Nov.=Largest Chinese Trade Delegation is to Visit US in Nov.1.Global Poll:F

8、ashion Models“Too Thin”2.What Declining Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean?3.Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low4.Great Wall at Top of“Worlds New Seven Wonders”5.Both Ends of Films to Be Shortened6.Lots of Fruit in Childhood Cuts Adult Cancer Risk7.US,Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold War

9、1.A Global Poll Shows Fashion Models are“Too Thin”(全球调查：时装模特“太瘦”）2.What Does the Declining Registration Rate for the Post-Grad Exam Mean?(考研热为何降温？）3.Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to a New Low(布什支持率跌至历史新低）4.The Great Wall is at the Top of the“Worlds New Seven Wonders”(长城跻身“世界新七大奇迹”之首）5.Both Ends of F

10、ilms are to Be Shortened(片头片尾将“减肥”）6.Lots of Fruit in ones Childhood Cuts an Adult Cancer Risk(孩提时水果摄入多 成年后癌症风险低）7.The US and Russia are Warned of a Repeat of the Cold War(俄美受到警告，谨防冷战重现）英语新闻标题中的动词表示被动语态时，被动语态结构“be过去分词”形式中的助动词“be”，通常被省略，也经常不用“by”来引出动作的执行者，剩下的过去分词在标题里就可直接表示被动意义，读者切忌将之误解为该动词的过去式。如：Euro

11、pe Tested by Financial Crisis(Europe is Tested by Financial Crisis)33 Killed in Northeast India Fighting(33 are Killed in Northeast India Fighting)英语新闻标题一贯注重结构精练，并不使用所有的标点符号。即便使用某个标点符号，其主要目的不外乎两种:1.区分表示各句子成分意群之间的关系；2.进一步节省标题字数。(1)、逗号(comma)常被用来代替连词“and”例如：Guangzhou Fair Closes,Trade Booms (The Guang

12、zhou Fair Closes And The Trade Booms)广交会闭幕交易兴旺(2)、冒号(colon)除了用在引语之前表示“说”外，还经常被用来代替联系动词“Be”。例如：Health Survey:New Yorker Fitter,Slimmer(Health Survey says(that)New Yorker is Fitter and Slimmer 健康调查称纽约人更加健康和苗条)Shanghai:Resplendent Pearl Of New China.(Shanghai Is A Resplendent Pearl Of New China)上海：新中国的

13、璀璨明珠(3)、破折号(dash)表示强调；或常被放置在不用引号的引言前后，以引出说话者。例如：Yeltsin in Hospital-Again 叶利钦再次住院Economy Grows Slowly As Unemployment,Inflation Rise-Economists(Economists Say That The Economy Grows Slowly As The Unemployment And Inflation Rise)经济学家认为：失业率及通货膨胀加剧使得经济增长缓慢(4)、用分号(semicolon)表示两层意思（书）The Gay-Marriage Fla

14、p;The Government is out of Step(also Rhyme)(5)、用单引号代替双引号(single/double quotation marks)e.g.:Irans nuclear threat hyped,says UN watchdog不但可节省、美化版面，还可增强新闻的简洁性和可读性这些小词均为带有新闻体特色的词汇，并且词义范畴很宽，新闻英语称这类词为“万能同义词”。aidassistalterchange or modifyaskinquirebanprohibit or forbidblastexplodebegincommenceboostincrea

15、secheckexamineclaimcause the death of.clashdisagree stronglycurbcontrol or restrictdipdecline or decreaseeaselessenendterminateflaycriticizefloutinsultfoilprevent fromgrillinvestigategutdestroyheaddirectholdarrestmapwork out（制订）markcelebrate（庆祝）nameappoint or nominateoptchooseperilendangerpledgedete

16、rmine（发誓）plotconspire（预谋，密谋策划）poiseready for action（作好准备）probeinvestigateraidattack（进攻）rapcriticizerebukecriticizeslaymurder（谋杀）soarskyrocket（急剧上升）swapexchange（交流，交换）swayinfluence（影响）trimreduce（削减）vowdetermine（决心，发誓）weighconsider（考虑）acechampion（得胜者）accord=agreement(协议）aidassistance（帮助）aim=purpose(目的

17、）blastexplosion（爆炸）bodycommittee,commission（委员会）clashcontroversy（冲突）crashcollision（碰撞，坠毁）dealagreement,transaction（协议，交易）envoyambassador（大使）fakecounterfeit（赝品，骗局）fetecelebration（庆祝（活动）feudstrong dispute（严重分歧）flopfailure（失败）freezestabilization（物价、工资等）冻结）glutover supply（供过于求）nodapproval（许可，批准）pactagre

18、ement,treaty（条约，协议）pollelection,public opinion poll（投票选举，民意测验）probeinvestigation（调查）pull outwithdrawal（撤退，撤离）riftseparation（隔离，分离）setready（准备）snagunexpected difficulty（意外障碍，意外困难）statementdispute that cannot be settled（僵持，僵局）stanceattitude（态度）stepprogress（进程，进步）strifeconflict（冲突，矛盾）talk=negotiation(谈

19、判）ties(diplomatic)relations（外交）关系）K:newspaper readingTwin Bombings Rock Central Baghdad.doc缩略词既可节省版面标题词数，又能更好地提示新闻内容，使人读来颇感简洁易记，还可使版面编排减少沉闷之感。无论是常见的还是陌生的，其全称一般均能在消息的正文第一次出现时找到，不解之处便可迎刃而解了。英语新闻标题中经常出现的缩略词主要分为三类：1、组织机构等专有名称CPPCC=Chinese Peoples Political Consultative ConferenceUNESCOUnited Nations Edu

20、cational,Scientific And Cultural OrganizationIMFInternational Monetary FundASEANAssociation Of Southeast Asian NationsWTOWorld Trade OrganizationOPECOrganization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries）IOCInternational Olympic CommitteeNASANational Aeronautics And Space AdministrationWHOWorld Health Organi

21、zationIAEA=International Atomic Energy Agency2、常见事物的名称，Aids（艾滋病）获得性免疫功能丧失综合症(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome。又如：UFOUnidentified Flying ObjectDJIDow-Jones IndexCPI=Consumer Price Index PRPublic RelationsSALTStrategic Arms Limitation Talks（限制战略武器会谈）SDIStrategic Defense Initiative（战略防御措施）GMTGreenwi

22、ch Mean TimeJV=Joint VentureIPR=Intellectual Property Rights3、表示人们的职业、职务或职称的名词，如MP（议员）。又如：PMPrime Minister（总理；首相）FM=Foreign Minister 外长DM=Defense Minister 国防部长GMGeneral Manager（总经理）CEO=Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官CFO=Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官CMO=Chief Market Officer 首席市场总监CTO=Chief Technology O

23、ffice首席技术官VIPVery Important Person（贵宾；要人）TPTraffic Policeman（交通警察）PAPersonal Assistant（私人助理）AussieAustralian（澳大利亚的）Agro=agriculture 农业Brunch=breakfast+lunch 早中餐bizbusiness（商业）dorm=dormitoryexpoexposition（博览会）ecopolitics=economic politics 政治经济学Flu=influenza（流感）frige=refrigerator 冰箱govt=government 政府g

24、ym=gymnasium 体育馆copter=helicopter 直升机motel=motor hotel 汽车旅馆homohomosexual（同性恋）libliberation（解放）proprofessional（专业的，职业的）reprepresentative（代表）RussRussia（俄罗斯）Secsecretary（秘书）chuteparachute（降落伞）natlnational（全国的）comlcommercial（商业的，广告）cteecommittee（委员会）CwealthCommonwealth（英联邦）tellytelevision（电视机）telecast=television broadcast 电视广播techtechnology（技术）N-test=Nuclear test 核试验pixpictures（电影）L.America=Latin America 拉丁美洲N.Ireland=North Ireland 北爱尔兰SAfrica=South Africa 南非vicvictory（胜利）/10/2940.