最新高三英语试卷英语阅读理解(科普环保)题分类汇编含解析.doc

1、最新高三英语试卷英语阅读理解(科普环保)题分类汇编含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 When athletes at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics collect their medals, theyll not only be wearing something that celebrates their sporting performance, but something that symbolizes lastingness. For both the 2020 Olympics and

2、Paralympics, organizers aim to make all of the gold, silver, and bronze medals out of used electronics. This strong message about how to make use of e-waste has gotten a lot of Japan involved. Starting in April 2017, the Japanese Olympic Committee began collecting old laptops, digital cameras, smart

3、phones, and other abandoned electronics. The initiative (倡议) has achieved great success. Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and theyre in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March. When looking just at the num

4、ber of cell phones collected, the amount of waste is shocking. In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. Japans largest mobile phone operator allowed the public to turn in phones at their shops, which counted a lot in th

5、e projects success. After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics underwent a smelting process to extract (提炼) all the gold, silver, and bronze elements. Thanks to this initiative, the worldwide struggle with e-waste will have a global platform. According to a study published by the Unit

6、ed Nations University44.7 million metric tons of e-waste were made in 2016. Only 20% of that was actually recycled. Unfortunately, this figure is set to rise significantly in the coming years, moving to 52.2 million metric tons by 2021. So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in

7、the bucket, its a good start in showing what the public can do if theyre made more aware of the issue.（1）What can be learnt about Tokyo Olympics initiative from the passage? A.E-waste in the world is increasing significantly.B.It is easy to get elements needed from the used electronics.C.Only produc

8、ers of electronics participated in the project.D.NTT DOCOMO contributed to the success of the project.（2）Which can best replace the underlined word homestretch in Paragraph 2? A.starting periodB.collection effortC.final stageD.hard search（3）What influence does the Tokyo Olympics initiative have? A.I

9、t offers an effective method to solve the problem of e-waste.B.It shows the power of advanced technology in daily life.C.It saves the expense spent in making all the medals.D.It encourages the publics involvement in dealing with e-waste.（4）What is the writers attitude to the Tokyo Olympics initiativ

10、e? A.PositiveB.NegativeC.AmbiguousD.Indifferent【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的 In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. 在大约18个月的时间里，由于与NTT Docomo的合作，收集了500多

11、万部智能手机，故选D。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and theyre in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March. 铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了，并且到了最后关头，也就是说，收集过程可以在3月底完成。 in the homestretch 固定短语，“最后关头”，故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。

12、根据最后一段中的 So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the bucket, its a good start in showing what the public can do if theyre made more aware of the issue. 所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪，这是一个很好的开始，展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识，他们能做些什么。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据全文的描述，可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两

13、个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。 An international team of researchers from the University of Oxford have found that the way people use the Internet is closely tied to the seasonal movements in the natural world. Their online species searches

14、 follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙). Migratory birds (候鸟) flood back to where they reproduce every spring. That migratory behavior is accompanied by some human behavior. In English-language Wikipedia (维基百科), the online searches for migratory species tend to increase in spring whe

15、n those birds arrive in the United States, said the lead author John Mittermeier. And not just birds. Mittermeier and his team surveyed nearly 2.5 billion Wikipedia search records, for 32,000 species, across 245 languages. They also saw variable search rates for insects, horsetails and flowering pla

16、nts. Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals. This finding suggests new ways to monitor changes in the worlds biological diversity. It also shows new ways to see how much people care about nature, and which species and areas might be the m

17、ost effective targets for conservation. Mittermeier is encouraged by the search results. He commented, I think theres a concern among conservationists (生态环境保护者) that people are losing touch with the natural world and that theyre not interacting with native species anymore. And so in that sense, it w

18、as really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see peoples Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature. Richard Grenyer, Associate Professor from the University of Oxford, says search data is useful to conservation biologists, By using these big data approaches, we can direct our atte

19、ntion towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.（1）What have researchers found about species searches? A.They strengthen ties among people.B.They affect the animal movements.C.T

20、hey differ in language backgrounds.D.They reflect animal migration seasons.（2）What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 3? A.To summarize the research process.B.To further support the research findings.C.To show the variety of species searches.D.To present researchers heavy work load.（3）How does Mitt

21、ermeier feel about the search results? A.Satisfied with Wikipedias service.B.Worried about Wikipedia behavior.C.Amazed at peoples care about nature.D.Sad about peoples not getting close to nature.（4）Why does Richard think such search data is useful? A.It helps to aim at conservation targets.B.It inc

22、reases interest in big data approaches.C.It keeps track of trends in biologists work.D.It pushes people to solve difficult problems.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然，以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标

23、。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索，研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.”可知在维基百科上，许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。即第三段的写作目的是为

24、了进一步支持研究结果。故选B。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see peoples Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的，感到非常兴奋和意外。故选C。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towar

25、ds the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法，我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:哪些物种和地区正在发生变化，哪些人最关心这些问题，哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一

26、篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Boomerang children who return to live with their parents after university can be good for families, leading to closer, more supportive relationships and increased contact between the generations, a study has found. The

27、findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents quality of life and wellbeing. The young adults taking part in the study were more positive than might have been expected about moving back homethe shame is r

28、educed as so many of their peers are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents financial and emotional support. Daughters were happier than sons, often slipping back easily into teenage patterns of behaviour, the study found. Parents on the whole were more uncertain,

29、expressing concern about the likely duration of the arrangement and how to manage it. But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities. The families featured in the study were middle-class and tended to view the ac

30、hievement of adult independence for their children as a family project. Parents accepted that their children required support as university students and then as graduates returning home, as they tried to find jobs paying enough to enable them to move out and get on the housing ladder. However, the s

31、tudy says, day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict, characterised the experience of a majority of parents and a little over half the graduates. Areas of disagreement included chores, money and soci

32、al life. While parents were keen to help, they also wanted different relationships from those they had with their own parents, and continuing to support their adult children allowed them to remain close.（1）What is the finding of the previous research? A.Boomerang children made their parents happier.

33、B.The parents were looking forward to their childrens return.C.The parents quality of life became worse than before.D.Boomerang children never did any housework.（2）The underlined word trigger in Paragraph 2 may be best replaced by _. A.causeB.defeatC.ariseD.allow（3）What is the attitude of the colleg

34、e graduates towards returning home? A.They are ashamed of turning to their parents for help.B.They are glad that they could come back.C.They are doubtful about whether they should return.D.They are proud to be independent from the family.（4）What can be inferred as the reason for the boomerang childr

35、en phenomenon? A.The children want to keep in closer touch with their parents.B.The parents are willing to provide support to their children.C.It is harder for the children to secure a satisfying job.D.There is more house work needed to be done by the children.（5）What is the side effect of the boome

36、rang children phenomenon? A.Both parents and children enjoy a more harmonious relationship.B.Neither parents nor children want to do the chores at home.C.Not only parents but also children want to be independent.D.There are occasional quarrels between parents and children.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）C（5）D 【

37、解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究发现，“回巢族”子女在大学毕业后回到父母身边生活对家庭是有好处的，他们会与父母建立更亲密、更具支持性的关系，并增进两代人之间的联系。而这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果相矛盾，该研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。父母和孩子对于独立的紧张情绪会导致父母和子女之间偶尔的争吵。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The findings disagree with the research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children tr

38、igger a significant worsening in their parents quality of life and wellbeing.”这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果不一致，早些的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著恶化。可知，以往的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感比之前更差，故选C。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“The findings disagree with the research published earlier this year showing that returning adult childr

39、en trigger a significant worsening in their parents quality of life and wellbeing. ”通过新旧研究对比，以往的研究表明，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。即可推理划线部分单词trigger意为“导致，致使”，与cause意义一致。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The young adults taking part in the study weremore positive than might have been expectedabout moving back home

40、the shame is reduced as so many of their friends are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents financial and emotional support.”参与这项研究的年轻人对于搬回家“比预期的更积极”他们的羞愧感减少了，因为他们的许多朋友都处于同样的处境，而且他们承认父母在经济和情感上的支持是有好处的。）可知，大学毕业生对回家的态度是积极的，很高兴能够回家，故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“But they ackn

41、owledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.”但他们承认，如今的毕业生情况有所不同，他们毕业时背负着巨额债务，工作机会也更少。由此推断出，孩子们很难找到一份满意的工作，故选C。 （5）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的However, the study says, day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dime

42、nsions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict”可知对于实现不同层面独立前景的日常紧张情绪，是大多数家长和略多于一半毕业生经历的特征。在少数极端情况下，这种紧张情绪接近冲突。可知回巢族孩子现象的副作用是在少数情况下，紧张情绪会导致父母和孩子之间偶尔发生争吵。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4犇犇阅读理解 Researchers have f

43、ound bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and sub

44、traction (减法). Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental management of numbers, long-term rules and short-term working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Ar

45、tificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning. RMITs Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (数字的) operations like addition and subtraction are complex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your long-term

46、 memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your short-term memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their short-term memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.” The findings suggest that advanced nume

47、rical cognition (认知) may be found much more widely in nature among non-human animals than previously suspected. “If math doesnt require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer. Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use t