(英语)高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析).doc

1、（英语）高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读理解 A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another da

2、y. Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Reports. Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which its viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies. And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vi

3、vid metallic color is so widespread in nature. Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of

4、paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates. But iridescence

5、 also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals. The idea that eyecatching colors could be used as a coverup isnt a new one. The father of

6、camouflage theory, Abbott Thayer, really believed that iridescence should be categorized as a camouflage strategy. And he wrote in his famous lifework ConcealingColoration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are among the strongest factors in an ani

7、mals concealment. And this sounds like a completely unreasonable thing to say, because how can colors that are both brilliant and changeable contribute to animals concealment？ In a similar way, we were asking whether iridescence, due to its changeability, could work as a form of camouflage by preven

8、ting shape recognition. Kjernsmo and her colleagues trained bumblebees to associate a particular shapea circle or an ovalwith a sugar reward. And they found that the bees, when given a choice, would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be sweet. But when the shapes were iridescent, the bees h

9、ad trouble telling them apart. It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish. As for making use of this method for hiding in plain sight, Any practical applications is of course

10、directly linked to any industry that has an interest in camouflage, that is how to conceal objects or make them more difficult to recognize. The researchers are currently conducting experiments with birds, which often prey on iridescent insects to see if it helps to have a birdseye view.（1）According

11、 to the passage, iridescence is not made use of by animals to _. A.live a little longer by escaping their predator(捕食者)B.catch the attention of their matesC.conceal themselves when in dangerD.catch sight of more colorful preys（2）From the study in the last paragraph, we can learn that _. A.Bees can a

12、lways tell the difference between a circle and an ovalB.Bees are creatures that are fascinated by sweet things that are iridescentC.If a circle, with a sugar reward, is iridescent, the bees may have difficulty finding itD.Bees are likely to prefer circles to ovals, whether they are iridescent or not

13、（3）What will be talked about in the following paragraph? A.Whether there are any differences between bees and birds.B.Some industries that have great interest in camouflage.C.Why birds are not effected by iridescent insects.D.Which camouflage theory applies more to birds.（4）Which of the following mi

14、ght serve as the best title of the passage? A.A famous camouflage strategyB.Metallic iridescent as the best disguiseC.Colors unique to animalsD.Shining colors as a sexual strategy【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, so

15、metimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根据第三段中的“Here I would like to point out that in some species, particula

16、rly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.”在这里我想指出的是，在某些物种中，尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种，比如天堂鸟、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中，彩虹色的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除B；根据倒数第二段中的“The idea

17、that eyecatching colors could be used as a coverup isnt a new one.”引人注目的颜色可以用来伪装，这种想法并不新鲜，排除C，故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.”似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹

18、表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状，这使得它们很难区分。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断接下来一段会谈论 为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually

19、puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”有时，最好的伪装其实是最耀眼的伪装，因为研究表明，闪光的金属彩虹色能在视觉上迷惑捕食者，这让五颜六色的猎物能够再存活一天，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 In our twenties, we find it

20、 funny when we cant remember our neighbors cats name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain freeze. In our forties, we laugh it off as a senior moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point whe

21、n being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. You think, Am I losing it？Or worse, Is this a sign of Alzheimers disease（老年痴呆症）？ Well, dont worry. The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developin

22、g Alzheimers disease（AD）. The researchers in a new study show that its not forgetfulness but not being aware that were forgetful that we should fear. The researchers began with the assumption that one common feature of Alzheimers dis-ease is a damaged awareness of illness. And they wanted to prove t

23、heir theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict whether someone with mild cognitive（认知的）damage will progress to full-on AD. For the study, mild cognitive damage was defined as someone whose mental state was considered healthy but who had either complained of memory loss or had suffered

24、 objective memory loss. The researchers used existing data for 1, 062 people between the ages of 55 and 90 that had been recorded over a 12-year period. The data included brain scans, which the researchers used to look for visual signs of reduced glucose uptake（葡萄糖吸收）.It is an objective marker of th

25、e sort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. What the researchers also discovered was that glucose uptake was reduced in those with mild cognitive damage who also showed evidence of reduced illness awareness. Finally, the research

26、ers found that those who had reduced illness awareness were more likely to develop AD than those without.（1）What can be implied from paragraph 1？ A.People can be forgetful at different ages.B.The memory of the young is better than the old.C.Old people are most afraid of getting Alzheimers disease.D.

27、Its a rare phenomenon when young people forget something.（2）What statement does the researchers in the new study agree with? A.Being aware all the time is a fearful thing.B.Illness awareness has nothing to do with Alzheimers disease.C.Recognizing forgetfulness doesnt mean developing Alzheimers disea

28、se.D.Realizing forgetfulness must be a sign of developing Alzheimers disease.（3）What can be a sign of developing Alzheimers disease? A.Realizing others forgetfulness.B.Reduced uptake of glucose.C.Having higher intake of glucose.D.Expected increase in brain function.（4）From which is the text probably

29、 taken? A.Science fiction.B.A chemistry book.C.A science research.D.A health brochure.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症,一项新的研究表明，不是遗忘，而是没有意识到我们的健忘让人们感到害怕。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In our twenties, we find it funny when we cant remember our neighbors cats name or a handsome actor

30、who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain freeze In our forties, we laugh it off as asenior moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. ”在二十

31、多岁的时候，当我们记不起邻居的猫的名字或是主演一部著名电影的英俊演员时，我们觉得很有趣。在三十多岁的时候，我们开玩笑地称它为“大脑冻结”，在四十多岁的时候，我们把它当作“老年时期”来嘲笑，然后继续讲这些老年笑话。但现实是，有这样的时候，健忘不再有趣，而且看起来有点可怕，可推知选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheim

32、ers disease（AD） ”承认自己的健忘也许是一个很好的迹象，至少从你患老年痴呆症,的可能性来看，可知选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. ”这是一个患有老年痴呆症降低了脑功能的客观标志。正如所料，老年痴呆症患者的葡萄糖吸收降低，故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，是一项科学研究，介

33、绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症,故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读理解 In my memory, winters always used to be really unpleasant. You had to bundle up just to keep warm when you went outside. You were often cold, wet, slip on the ice, and youd arrive home to an ice-

34、cold house. And that would mean turning on the heating and waiting. Its a miracle you didnt get cold to the bone. Fortunately, things dont have to be so challenging any more. Technology, engine ring and design have advanced giving us new solutions to old problems. It means dealing with winter neednt

35、 be like skating on thin ice. With a smart thermostat (温度自动调节器), our homes can be warm when we need them to be. Many models feature smartphone apps that allow you to control temperature remotely, so we can warm up the house before we arrive home. According to , Tados model features voice control, wh

36、ile the Nest leans your habits and automatically heats the home for you. Clothes have been given an upgrade, too. Electronic thermal jackets, sweaters and coats heat up when you turn them on. What better way to keep warm in the dead of winter? At the touch of a button, or through an app on our phone

37、s, the clothing generates heat from elements placed inside. Many models offer three levels of heating which stay warm for over 12 hours. . Finally, there is the clothing for the head, beanie s and Earmuff, that feature speakers included in the fabric using Bluetooth technology so we can listen to ou

38、r favourite music or, in some cases, have a phone callusing the in-built microphone. All while keeping the head warm and avoiding a cold. For many, the thought of winter used to be enough to make their blood run cold. But using technology, life neednt freeze up. With the right solutions, theres no r

39、eason why winter cant be really, really cool.（1）What do the underlined words bundle up mean in Para.1? A.Fix an air conditioner.B.Take a hot bath.C.Run a lot.D.Put on more clothes.（2）How does electronic thermal clothing work? A.The equipment placed inside the clothing produces heat.B.It needs to be

40、warned up before being used.C.The thermostat heat up automatically when the temperature is low.D.It keeps warm for over 12 hours after being charged fox an hour.（3）From the passage, we can lean the following statements EXCEPT that _. A.Tados model can be controlled by saying something to itB.with th

41、e in-built speaker and microphone, Beanies and Earmuffs users can have a phone callC.technology can do nothing to make winter less roughD.Bluetooth technology is used in the clothing for the head（4）Whats the best title of this passage? A.A Smart ThermostatB.A Modern winterC.Ways of keeping warmD.An

42、unpleasant winter【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的In my memory, winters always used to be really unpleasant. You had to bundle up ju

43、st to keep warm when you went outside. 可知，在我的记忆中，冬天总是很不令人愉快。你外出时必须穿得暖和一点。所以通过 keep warm可知，外出时要想暖和一些，就要多穿衣服。故判断出第1段中带下划线的单词bundle up是多穿点衣服。故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 At the touch of a button, or through an app on our phones, the clothing generates heat from elements placed inside. 可知，只要按下按钮，或者通过手机上 应用程序，

44、安装在衣服内部的电子元件就会产生热量。所以电子保暖服装工作的原理是安装在衣服内部的电子元件产生热量。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的Fortunately, things dont have to be so challenging any more. Technology, engine ring and design have advanced giving us new solutions to old problems可知，幸运的是，事情不需要再这么有挑战性了。先进的技术、引擎环和设计为我们提供了解决老问题的新方法。所以C选项科技无法让冬天变得不那么难熬不符合短文说明的内容

45、。故选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。所以短文的最佳标题为让现代科技温暖你的冬日。故B选项让现代科技温暖你的冬日符合题意。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从

46、而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 NASA has a new job listing, and its no joke. The US space agency is looking for a joker to join their planned mission to Mars. A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away from Earth. A trip there would take arou

47、nd eight months in a small spacecraft. And Mars has a communications delay of 20 minutes. This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens. When youre living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur, Jeffrey John