牛津版沪教版英语八年级Unit-1-Encyclopaedias-词句讲解+练习+答案.doc

1、-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1 -CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除牛津版沪教版英语八年级(上)Unit-1-Encyclopaedias-词句讲解+练习+答案(总10页)Unit 1 Encyclopaedias词汇讲解1. look uplook up 意为“（在词典或参考书中）查阅，检查”，其后跟名词作宾语，名词可放在look和up之间，也可放在look up 之后；如果代词作宾语，则只能放在look和up之间。例如：Look up the word in the book, and you will know its meaning.在书中

2、查查这个词，你就知道它的意思了。Please look them up in the dictionary carefully. 请仔细在词典中查一下它们。 【拓展】（1）look up意为“仰视；向上看”。例如：He looked up as I came into the room. 我进入房间时，他抬起头来看了看。（2）look 的相关短语： look for寻找 look over (医生)仔细检查 look around 环顾四周 look after照看 look at 看 look down on 看不起2. abilityability作名词，意为“才能；能力”。表示“能力”时

3、，多为不可数名词；表示“才能；才干”时，多为复数形式。例如：He is a man of ability. 他是个能力的人。He is a man of many abilities. 他是个多才多艺的人。I think he has the ability to do it. 我认为他有能力做这件事。【拓展】able作形容词，意为“能够的；有能力的；能干的”。常用结构为be able to do sth.，意为“能够做某事”。例如：He is an able man. 他是一个能人。We shall be able to deal with all sorts of problem. 我们应

4、该能够应付各种困难。3. includeinclude作动词，意为“包含；包括”。例如：The price for the hotel includes breakfast. 旅馆的价格包含了早餐。The children include twenty girls. 这些孩子中有20个女孩。【拓展】including作介词，意为“包括；包含在内”。例如：There are 40 students in the classroom, including me. 教室里有40名学生，包括我在内。4. nobodynobody = no one，意为“没有人”，单独作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式，其后

5、不能接of结构。在简略回答中，回答who的问句。例如：Nobody will make friends with him. 没有人愿意与他交朋友。 Who is in the room 谁在房间里 No one. 没有人。【拓展】（1）none意为“没有，都不”，表示全部否定，可指人或物，常与of 连用，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可，接不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。常回答how many/much的问句。例如： How many students are there in the classroom 教室里有多少学生 None. 一个也没有。None of us like

6、s her. 我们当中没有一个人喜欢她。（2）nothing意为“没有什么，没有东西”，只能指物，常用来回答Whats in 例如： Whats in the box 箱子里有什么 Nothing. 什么都没有。5. winwin是动词，意为“赢得；打败；战胜”，其现在分词要双写n，过去式和过去分词均为won。例如：He won a prize last week. 他上周得奖了。They won the basketball match yesterday. 他们昨天赢得了那场篮球比赛。【拓展】 win与beat（1）win强调赢得“比赛、游戏、战争”，获得“名次、奖品”。例如： a pri

7、ze得奖 a game赢得比赛win a honor赢得荣誉 a battle 赢得战斗 a match赢得比赛 a scholarship赢得奖学金（2）beat强调“打败，战胜”，其后只能接比赛、竞争的对手，即beat只能接表示人的词语作宾语。例如： a team 战胜/打败一队（组）beat a nation战争/打败一个国家 an opponent战胜/打败一个对手6. for examplefor example意为“例如”，可以作为独立语插入句中，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系，用以列举某一个人或事。例如：A lot of children, for example, Tom lik

8、es drinking tea. 很多小孩，例如Tom，喜欢喝茶。【拓展】such as用来列举多个事物，一般不全部列出，插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间。例如：The farm grows all kinds of crops, such as rice, wheat and cotton. 这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼，例如，稻谷、小麦和棉花。7. at the end ofat the end of意为“在末尾，在尽头”，后既可以接表示时间的名词，也可以接表示地点的名词。例如：The hospital is at the end of the road医院就在路的尽头。He will com

9、e to see you at the end of this month这个月底他要来看你。【拓展】（1）in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally。例如：We won in the end最后，我们取得了胜利。（2）by the end of意为“到为止，在以前”，常与过去完成时连用。例如：He had finished the work by the end of last month上个月底前他就已经完成了那项工作。8. find outfind out意为“找到，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有“经过困难、曲折”之

10、后才找出难以找到的东西。例如：Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。【拓展】（1）find是动词，意为“找到”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。例如：He didnt find his book. 他没有找到他的书。（2）look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如：Jim is looking for his little dog. Jim正在找他的小狗。9. some与anysome与any都意为“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，但它们的用法有所不同：some常用在肯定句中；a

11、ny多用于否定句、疑问句中。例如：Give me some tea. 给我一些茶。Are there any desks in the classroom 教室里有课桌吗There are not any cars on the road. 这条公路上没有小汽车。【拓展】（1）如果在提问时期待对方做出肯定回答或鼓励别人说yes时，疑问句中的不定代词用some，而不用any。例如： Would you like some coffee 你想要些咖啡吗（2）在强调“任何一个”意思的场合，any也可以用于肯定句中。例如：He likes any book in his fathers room. 他

12、喜欢他爸爸房间里的任何一本书。句式讲解1. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. as.as中间加形容词或副词原形，表示同级的比较，意为“像一样”。例如：This film is as interesting as that one. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。Your pen writes as smoothly as mine. 你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。其否定式为not as/so as中间加形容词或副词原形，意为“不像一样”。例如：This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. 这

13、本字典不如你想象的那样有用。2. When I was young, I used to keep a notebook.used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事；过去曾经”，暗示现在已经不再做某事。 He used to be a quiet boy. 他过去是个安静的男孩。I used to go swimming once a week. 我曾经每周都去游泳。【拓展】be/get/become used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”。例如：He came from the north, so he wasnt used to living in the sou

14、th. 他来自北方，所以不习惯于住在南方。3. They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream.help sb. (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事 ”。例如：I often help my mother (to) do some housework. 我经常帮我妈妈做家务。This book will help (to) improve your English. 这本书会帮助你提高英语水平。【拓展】（1）help sb. with sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事 ”。例如：She helps me with

15、 my English. 她帮我学英语。（2）help oneself to sth.意为“随便（吃）”。例如：Help yourselves to some fish, children. 孩子们，请随便吃些鱼吧。（3）with ones help意为“在某人的帮助下 ”，此处help作名词，例如：With her help, I passed the exam. 在她的帮助下，我通过了考试。4. Just remember to think and to dream.remember作动词，意为“记得”。与forget意思相反。（1）remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事

16、”，事情还没有做。例如：Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时记得关灯。（2）remember doing sth.表示“记得曾经做过某事”，事情已经做过了。例如： He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old. 他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。【拓展】 类似remember的动词还有： to do sth. 忘记去做某事forgetdoing sth. 忘记做过某事 to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth

17、. 尝试做某事 to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做某事5. Some were small; others were huge. some. others.为中考常见句型，表示“一些另外一些”。例如：We can see many people here. Some are walking, others are playing cards. 我们可以在这看到很多人。一些人在散步，另外一些人在打牌。【拓展】one the other意为“一个另一个”。例如：They have two children. One is a boy, the other

18、 is a girl. 他们有两个孩子，一个男孩，另一个女孩。6. How long did dinosaurs live on Earth（1）how long意为“多长时间”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。例如：How long do you watch TV 你看电视多长时间了How long can I keep the book 这本书我可以借多久（2）how long还可用来询问长度。例如：How long is the river 这条河多长 【拓展】how often, how soon与how long词语词义用法答语特征

19、how often多久一次询问动作的频率often, twice a week等how soon多快，过多久询问时间多快in+ 一段时间how long多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间Unit 1 Encyclopaedias词汇练习I. 把下列词组英汉互译。1since then_ 2be made up of _3all kinds of_ 4consist of_5a number of_ 6look for_7在每页的顶部_ 8只关于一个主题_II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。1Edison and Einstein were both great s_2She is

20、55 years old；_ (然而)，she works very hard3The _ (能力) to do this will be necessary in future flights to distant planets4_(可能) your parents had the same problem when they were your age long ago5Thomas Edison i_ many thingsHe was a great i_6My work i_ cooking meals，cleaning the house7Which team _ (获胜) th

21、e game，Class One or Class Two?8How much is the book? Twenty d_9Sally was b_ in a small town in LondonIII. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。1It is useful _ (learn) a foreign language2Can you help me _ (carry) the box，Lily?3Remember _ (write) to me when you get to Beijing4I need some _ (potato)Do you have any?5

22、About two _ (million) people listened to the programmeIV语法专项单项选择。1 I would like a sandwich and a bottle of milk Sorry，we _ Anot have Bdont Cdont have some Ddont have any2There isnt _ water in the glass. Lets go and get some. A. many B. lots C. any D. some3They bring _ apples to the room Aa Ban Cone

23、Dsome4They dont have _ milk or rice Asome Ba Cany Dan5The boy likes _Aa bread Btwo breads Csome breads Dsome bread句式练习I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。1There was nobody in the classroom(改为同义句) There _ _in the classroom2Bill has some books about dinosaurs(改为否定句) Bill _ _ _ books about dinosaurs3John was born in New

24、 York(就划线部分提问) _ _John born?4He stayed there for two weeks(就划线部分提问) _ _did he stay there?5I like the countryside because its beautiful(就划线部分提问)_ _you like the countryside?6India is smaller than China(改为同义句)China is _ _India7Cambridge is in the east of England(就划线部分提问)_ _Cambridge?8London is famous f

25、or Big Ben，Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge(就划线部分提问)_ London famous _9Our city has one million people(就划线部分提问)_ _ _ of your city?10Its very warm in New York(就划线部分提问)_ the _ _ in New York?II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1Ann出生于1998年5月1日。 Ann _ _ _ May 1st，19982许多恐龙食草，但是，一些恐龙喜欢食肉。 Many dinosaurs ate plants_，some di

26、nosaurs liked to eat meat3除了我没人能打开我的前门。 _ can open my front door _ me4突然它们都灭绝了。 _，they all _ _5把那些学生带过来，我有重要的事告诉他们。 Bring those students here；I have _ _ to tell them6我们可以在这看到很多人。一些人在散步，一些人在打牌。 We can see many people here. _ _ walking, _ _ playing cards. III补全对话（2014福建福州中考）阅读下面对话，从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话。（其中有

27、两项是多余的）A. When will it be?B. Whats the name of it?C. Shall we be volunteers?D. Whats in todays newspaper?E. Anything new in todays paper?F. How can we become volunteers?G. Everyone is supposed to make contributions.A: Hi, Li Jun.1._B: Yes, the first National Youth Games will be held in Fuzhou.A: Gre

28、at! 2. _B: Itll start in 0ctober, 2015. Look, here is a photo of the main stadium.A: Wow, it looks grand.3. _B: Fuzhou Strait Olympic Game Center.A: Really nice. What else about the Games?B: Thirty-one thousand volunteers are wanted.4. _A: Sure! Its an honor to serve the players and visitors.B: So i

29、t is.5. _A: Lets look forward to this big event.Unit 1 Encyclopaedias词汇练习答案I. 把下列词组英汉互译。1从那时起 2由组成 3各种各样的 4包括5大量的 6寻找7at the top of each page8on only one subjectII. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子。1scientists 2however 3ability 4Perhaps/Maybe5invented，inventor 6includes 7won8dollars 9bornIII. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）

30、。1to learn 2(to) carry 3to write 4potatoes 5millionIV语法专项单项选择。1. D。否定have前面要加dont，并且在否定句中应用any代替some。2. C。water为不可数名词，不能用many修饰；lots不能接名词；本句为否定句，用any而不用some，故选C。3. D。他们把一些苹果拿到房间里来。apples为复数，只能用some。4. C。any用于否定句中。5. D。bread是不可数名词，没有单复数变化，也不能用a来修饰，但可以用“some”或“数词+量词+of”修饰。 句式练习答案I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。1. wasnt anybody 2. doesnt have any 3. Where was 4. How long 5. Why do6bigger than 7Where is 8Whats，for 9Whats the population10Whats，weather likeII. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1was born on 2However 3Nobody，but4Suddenly，died out 5something important 6Some are，others areIII补全对话1-5 EABCG