沪教版牛津英语（初一下册）Unit-8-From-hobby-to-career知识讲解.doc

1、Unit 8 From hobby to career词句精讲精练 撰稿人：王晓丽 审稿人: 郭素清词汇精讲1. bothand bothand意为“和两者都”，连接两个并列成分，可作主语或宾语，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Both he and I are students. 我和他都是学生。 She can speak both English and French. 她会说英语和法语。2. job / work work和job是同义词，都有“工作、职业”的意思。不过，它们之间还是有些区别的。 （1）job是可数名词，指特定工作。work是不可数名词，泛指工作。我们可以说a j

2、ob，不能说a work。例如： Peter has a good job in a bank. 彼得在一家银行有份很好的工作。 Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。 Looking after three cats is not easy work. 照顾三只猫咪可不是件容易事。 （2）“上班”用英文讲是go to work，这是一个固定搭配，我们不能说go to a job。例如：My father goes to work at 8 am. 我爸爸八点上班。 （3）job只能用作名词，work还可以用作动词，不仅有“上班、工作”的意思，还可以作“努

3、力”或“从事”来讲。例如：Both my parents work. 我父母都工作。If you work hard, you will speak English well. 只要你努力，你的英语就会讲得很好3. lively lively作形容词，“充满活力的，活泼的，有生气的”，常用作定语或表语。例如：She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是个充满活力的年轻女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。【拓展】辨析：lively, alive, live与living这四个词都可用作形容词，异同点如下：(1) lively常用

4、作定语或表语，意为“充满活力的，活泼的，有生气的”；alive常作表语或后置定语，“有生命的，活的”。例如：He was alive when they took him to the hospital.人们把他送到医院时他还活着。He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.他有一种奇妙的方法，使他的课堂生动有趣。 (2) live作定语，“活的，有生命的（主要用来指鸟或其他动物）；现场的，直播的”。例如：Look! These is a live fish in the pool.看！池子里有一条活鱼。W

5、e watched a live television show. 我们观看了一场电视现场直播的表演。(3) living意为“活的，健在的”。例如：His grandpa is still living at the age of 96. 他爷爷96岁了，仍然健在。4. be proud of proud 是形容词，常用结构：be proud of sth. 意为“以而骄傲”。例如：I am very proud of being a Chinese. 作为一名中国人我很自豪 be proud to do sth 意为“为做某事而骄傲”。We are proud to be a league

6、 member. 我们为成为团员而骄傲。【拓展】 pride是名词，意为“骄傲，自豪”。 常用的结构： take pride in sth. 意为“为某事骄傲”。 例如：They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. 他们为成为科学家的女儿而感到自豪。 He is the pride of our city. 他是我们城市的骄傲。5. decide decide是动词，意为“决定，选定”。名词为decision。 (1) decide on意为“由决定；决定于”。后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：I

7、decided on going to Beijing at last. 最后我决定去北京了。My mother decided on the red dress. 我妈妈决定买下那件红色的裙子。(2) decide sth. 例如： I cant decide anything at the moment. 现在我不能做出任何决定。 (3) decide to do sth. 例如： We decide to go to Paris next month. 我们决定下个月去巴黎。6. at the end of at the end of意为“在末端，在尽头”，可以表示时间，也可以表示地点。

8、例如：at the end of January在1月底（表示时间）at the end of the street在街道末端（表示地点）【拓展】 (1) by the end of意为“到末为止”，其后只能接时间，可用于将来时或过去完成时。例如： Were going to finish it by the end of this week. 到本周末，我们将完成这项工作。 (2) in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally，其后不能接of短语。例如： Our team beat theirs in the end.最后，我们队战胜了他们队。7. maybe

9、 maybe作副词，意为“也许；大概”。例如：Maybe he is a teacher. 也许他是个老师。【拓展】辨析：maybe与may be（1）maybe是副词，主要用于非正式场合，口语中常用。意为“也许，大概”。它通常放在句子的开头，在句子中作状语。例如：Maybe they wont come here tonight. 他们大概今晚不会来这儿。 Maybe she is happy. 也许她是幸福的。 （2）may be是“情态动词may+动词原形be”构成的，在句中做谓语，意为“可能是、大概是”。例如： She may be at home. 她可能在家。（也可以说：Maybe

10、 she is at home.） You may be right. 你可能是对的。（也可以说：Maybe you are right.）8. alone (1) alone作副词，意为“单独地，孤独地”，相当于by oneself。例如： It was too heavy for me to carry the bag alone. 我独自背这个袋子，真是太重了。 (2) alone作形容词，意为“单独的，独自的”，只能作表语，不能作定语。例如： He was alone in the house. 他一个人在屋子里。 【辨析】alone和lonelyalone既可作形容词，也可作副词，表

11、示“单独一人，无人相伴”，陈述客观事实。lonely只能作形容词，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”，带有强烈的感情色彩；此外，还可表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，常作定语。例如：Though the old man is alone, he doesnt feel lonely. 虽然那位老人是一个人，但他并不感到寂寞。My grandfather used to live in a lonely village.我爷爷过去住在一个偏僻的小村庄里。 词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. 将来_ 2. go outside_3. 曾经，过去常常_ 4. 看起来像_5. more and more _ 6. 为感到自豪_7

12、. grow up _ 8. 去进行帆船运动_9. make progress _ 10. 实现_II. 根据首字母提示完成下列单词。1. A plane is s_ across the sky.2. The twinkling stars at night look like millions of d_ in the dark sky.3. Eddie has a wide k_ of the world history.4. Our English teacher always makes her class very l_.5. Although the film only l_ f

13、or about 80 minutes, I nearly fell asleep in the middle.6. I think being a teacher will be my lifelong c_.7. I dont know much about Alice. A_, I talked with her only once.8. Everyone must work hard to a_ success.9. A_ can be successful if he or she works hard.10. Mr. Wang will h_ the teachers New Ye

14、ars party this year.III. 用方框中词组的正确形式完成下列句子。in the future; used to; go outside; look like; more and more; proud of; turninto; achieve ones dream; learn about; the beginning of1. If you practice the guitar _, you will play better and better.2. Would you like to be a doctor _?3. If you freeze water, yo

15、u _ it _ ice.4. Alice finally _ of being a writer.5. If you want to _ the history of our country, I suggest you go to the Palace Museum.6. Dont you think that Tom quite _ his uncle?7. The peacock(孔雀) is very _ her features, so she shows them off every day.8. We arrived late at the cinema, so we miss

16、ed _ the film.9. I _ drink a lot of soft drinks but now I seldom drink them.10. I think you should _ to take in some fresh air.参考答案I. 英汉互译。1. in the future 2. 外出 3. used to 4. look like 5. 越来越多 6. be proud of/take pride in7. 长大 8. go sailing 9. 取得进步 10. come trueII. 根据首字母提示完成下列单词。1. shooting 2. diam

17、onds 3. knowledge 4. lively 5. lasted6. career 7. Actually 8. achieve 9. Anybody/Anyone 10. hostIII. 用方框中词组的正确形式完成下列句子。1. more and more 2. in the future 3. turn; into 4. achieved her dream 5. learn about6. looks like 7. proud of 8. the beginning of 9. used to 10. go outside句式精讲1. used to do sth.used

18、 to do sth是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。肯定句：I used to play with my friends after school. 过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。否定句：You didnt use to like pop songs.=You usednt to like pop songs. 你过去常常不喜欢流行歌曲。一般疑问句：Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?你的妹妹过去常常

19、是很安静吗？there be句式：There used to be a lot of fishes in this river. 过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。2. When I was eight, I got a book about stars. (1) 此句中when是一个连词，意为“当时候”，后面跟一个句子。它引导的句子在功能上相当于一个时间状语，因此when引导的这个句子叫时间状语从句。例如： Do you help your parents when you are at home? 你在家的时候帮助父母干活吗？ What do you usually do when you are

20、 free? 当你空闲的时候，你通常做什么？ (2) when意为“当时”，可表示瞬间或时间段，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作与主句所述的动作、事情可同时发生，也可有先后。例如： It was snowing when we got to school. 当我们到达学校时，天正下着雪。（同时发生） He goes home when he has finished his homework. 做完作业后他回家去了。（先后发生） (3) when多用于一般现在时或一般过去时，也可用于进行时态。当从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，when与while两者可以相互替换使用；若从句的谓语动词是短暂性

21、动词时，只能用when。例如： When/While we were talking, the teacher came in. 当我们说话时，老师进来了。 Were you writing a letter when the teacher came in? 老师进来时，你在写信吗？3. the sky went dark. go在此句中是连系动词，意为“变得；变成”，尤指向不好的方面转变。例如： Her hair goes grey. 她的头发变白了。 The food went bad. 食物坏了。 【拓展】 常用的连系动词有：be; feel; look; sound; taste;

22、smell; become; grow; turn; stay; keep等。例如：The dumplings smell nice. 这些水饺闻起来很好。The old man looks very happy. 那个老人看起来很幸福。You must look after yourself and keep healthy. 你得照顾好自己并保持健康。His face turns red. Do you know why? 他的脸变红了。你知道为什么吗？4. If you really want something, work hard and never give up. 本句是一个含有

23、if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。从句用的是一般现在时，主句为祈使句，即“主祈从现”。主句是一般将来时或含有情态动词的句子，或主句是祈使句时，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。例如： If I am free tomorrow, I will go to see my uncle. 如果明天我有空，我要去看我叔叔。 If it is fine this Sunday, I will go fishing. 如果这周日天气好，我将去钓鱼。【注意】 When; as; as soon as等引导的时间状语从句，若主句为一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时表示将来。例如： I will write to

24、you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就给你写信。5. Sometimes we saw stars shooting brightly across the sky!see sb. /sth doing sth. “看见某人/某物正在做某事”，用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，表动作正在进行。例如：I saw him walking in the street.我看见他正在街上散步。 I saw her cleaning the classroom. 我看到她正在扫打教室。 【拓展】(1) see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人经常做某事或看见做

25、某事的全过程”，表动作发生了，即动作的全部过程已经结束了。例如：She saw a boy go into your classroom. 她看见一个男孩进了你的教室。I saw you put the key in your pocket. 我见你把钥匙放进了口袋里。I often see him help the old man. 我经常看见他帮助那位老人。(2) 类似的动词还有：listen to/hear/watch/notice/look at等。例如： I often listen to him play the piano. 我经常听他弹钢琴。 I heard her singi

26、ng in the next room. 我听见她正在隔壁唱歌。句式精练I. 根据提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。1. 李老师上课的时候，经常让我们做一些有趣的游戏。_ Mr. Li gives lessons, he often _ us_ _ some interesting games.2. Wendy过去常常花光所有的零花钱，现在她会把钱存起来。Wendy _ _ spend all her packet money. Now she saves her money3. 当遇到危险时，你要保持冷静。When you are in danger, you should _ _.4. 如果他

27、们能在下午七点前完成工作，明天他们就可以不来公司了。_ they finish the job before 7 pm, they _ _ to the company tomorrow. 5. 我经常看见他帮助那位老人过马路。I often _ him _ the old man cross the street.II. 句型转换，每空一词。1. Jackson used to ride his bicycle to school. (改为一般疑问句) _ Jackson _ to ride his bicycle to school?2. The velvet looks really b

28、eautiful. (改为感叹句) _ _ the velvet looks!3. John got a book about stars when he was eight years old. (就划线部分提问) _ _ John get a book about stars?4. I will be free in the afternoon. Then I will call you. (将两句合并为一句) I will call you _ I _ free in the afternoon.5. I always wasted a lot of money when I was y

29、oung. (保持原句意思不变) I _ _ waste a lot of money when I was young.III. 请从B栏中为A栏的句子选择合适的时间状语从句（用when连接）。AB1. she always sings2. call me3. he gets nervous4. my father buys me presentswhena. you arriveb. he travels abroadc. she is on her way to schoold. he takes an exam1. _2. _3. _4. _IV. 仿照示例，根据提示，用正确的句子描述

30、不同人物过去和现在的习惯。示例：Andrew / get up / seven oclock / now / half past sevenAndrew used to get up at seven oclock, but now he gets up at half past seven.1. I /swim / before work / now / after work_2. Dan / play / violin / now / guitar_3. Susan / have / dancing lessons / now / riding lessons_4. John and Je

31、an / live / London / now / Cardiff_V. 从方框中选择合适的选项补全对话，其中有两项多余。AWhat would you like?BGlad to see youCWould you like something to eat?DHere you areEI dont like it at allFThank you very much!GHere are some pieces of breadA：Oh，helloLi Shan. 1 B：Hello，TimGlad to see you，too!A：Please come in and have a se

32、at 2 I have some nice apples and pears hereB： 3 Id like an apple，pleaseA：Here you areWould you like some bread，too?B：Yes，pleaseA：Good! 4 B：Thank youTwo pieces，pleaseA：What about something to drink?B：A glass of water，pleaseA：OK 5 B：Thanks参考答案I. 根据提示，翻译下列句子。1. When; asks; to do 2. used to 3. stay / ke

33、ep cool或 stay / keep calm 4. If; wont come 5. see; helpII. 句型转换，每空一词。1. Did; use 2. How beautiful 3. When did 4. when；am 5. used toIII. 请从B栏中为A栏的句子选择合适的时间状语从句（用when连接）。1. She always sings when she is on her way to school.2. Call me when you arrive.3. He gets nervous when he takes an exam.4. My fathe

34、r buys me presents when he travels abroad.IV. 仿照示例，根据提示，用正确的句子描述不同人物过去和现在的习惯。1. I used to swim before work, but now I swim after work.2. Dan used to play the violin, but now he plays the guitar.3. Susan used to have dancing lessons, but now she has riding lessons.4. John and Jean used to live in London, but now they live in Cardiff.V. 从方框中选择合适的选项补全对话，其中有两项多余。1-5 BCFGD