人教版八年级下英语全书词汇短语句型精讲课件.ppt

1、初中英语人教版八年级下初中英语人教版八年级下Unit1 Whats the matter?词汇词汇 短语短语 句型讲解句型讲解这是询问病人病情时最常用的问句这是询问病人病情时最常用的问句,意思是意思是“怎么了怎么了?”,其后通常与介词其后通常与介词with连用。类似的问句还有连用。类似的问句还有:Whats wrong?Whats wrong with you?Whats your trouble?Whats the trouble with you?Whats up?Language points 11.Whats the matter?1)matter n.问题问题,麻烦麻烦,事件事件,通

2、常与介词通常与介词“with”连用。连用。2)wrong是形容词是形容词,前面没有前面没有“the”;matter和和trouble都都是名词是名词,前面应有前面应有“the”,trouble前还可以用形容词性前还可以用形容词性的物主代词。的物主代词。Whats your trouble,young man?年轻人年轻人,你怎么了你怎么了?1)have vt.患患(得得)病病,(不用于进行时态不用于进行时态)He had a bad cold last week.他上周患了重感冒。他上周患了重感冒。She often has a stomachache.她常胃她常胃(肚子肚子)疼。疼。一般情况

3、下用一般情况下用havean.表示患了某种疾病。如：表示患了某种疾病。如：have a cough 咳嗽咳嗽 have a cold 感冒感冒2.I have a sore throat.2)sore“痛痛,疼疼”,通常指因发炎引起的肌肉疼通常指因发炎引起的肌肉疼,在表示身在表示身体的某部位疼痛时，常置于部位名词前。体的某部位疼痛时，常置于部位名词前。ache常指持续性的疼痛常指持续性的疼痛,它常与身体部位的名词构成它常与身体部位的名词构成复合词，复合词，如如:headache头痛头痛,backache背疼等。背疼等。伤风伤风,感冒，是固定词组感冒，是固定词组,表示身体不适的常用词组还有表示身

4、体不适的常用词组还有:牙疼牙疼 have a toothache 胃疼胃疼 have a stomachache 发烧发烧 have a fever3.have a cold lie down 躺下躺下Dont lie down on the ground.不要躺在地上。不要躺在地上。与与down有关的词组有关的词组sit down 坐下坐下 come down 下来下来get down 下车下车write down 写下写下,记下记下4.lie down and rest1)hot adj.热的热的2)with 介词介词,意思是意思是“有有,用用,同同,由于由于,和和一一致致,赞成赞成,关于

5、关于”,此句中是此句中是“有有,带有带有”的意思。的意思。如如:有四个口袋的外套有四个口袋的外套 a coat with four pocket5.hot tea with honey 1)过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间内进过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间内进行或发生的动作。行或发生的动作。其形式为其形式为was/were+V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。语连用。如：如：last night，last Saturday等；等；或与或与when，while，as引导的过去时间状语连用。引导的过去时间状语连用。6.Bus No.26 was going

6、along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.2)when常常用来引出时间状语从句，放在过去进行时常常用来引出时间状语从句，放在过去进行时构成的主句后，表示构成的主句后，表示某事正在进行时，另一件事情发某事正在进行时，另一件事情发生了生了。那天下午他们正在商场购物那天下午他们正在商场购物,就在这时一场大火发生了。就在这时一场大火发生了。They were shopping in the mall that afternoon when a big fire broke out.我

7、正想着这件事时，突然听到有人叫我的名字。我正想着这件事时，突然听到有人叫我的名字。I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.例句例句3)see somebody doing something固定结构，表示固定结构，表示“看到某人正在从事某事或所处的状看到某人正在从事某事或所处的状态态”。类似的结构还有：。类似的结构还有：hear/watch somebody doing see somebody do something“看见某人做了某事看见某人做了某事”，是指看见事情是指看见事情发生的全过程发生的全过程。昨天我看见他在花园里干活了

8、。昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。I saw him work in the garden yesterday.(强调强调“我看见了我看见了”这个事实这个事实)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。昨天我见他正在花园里干活。I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调强调我见他正干活我见他正干活这个动作这个动作)例句例句7.The bus driver stopped the bus without thinking twice.think twice是英语中一种固定的表述，表示在做某事是英语中一种固定的表述，表示在做某事之前之前“认真思考；权衡利弊认真思考；权衡

9、利弊”。请再三考虑你辞职的事情。请再三考虑你辞职的事情。Please think twice about leaving your job.在我们做出这个决定前，必须认真思考！在我们做出这个决定前，必须认真思考！We must think twice before we make this decision!例句例句thanks to someone/something表示表示“多亏；因为；由于多亏；因为；由于”的意思。的意思。由于英语这门语言，我们能从其它国家学到很多东西。由于英语这门语言，我们能从其它国家学到很多东西。Thanks to the English language，we ca

10、n learn a lot from other countries8.Thanks to Mr.Wang and the passengers,the doctor saved the man in time.例句例句二二 句型转换。句型转换。1.You should write him a letter.(就划线部分提问就划线部分提问)_ _ _do?2.I think you should finish your homework first.(改为否定句改为否定句)_3.You are not as popular as your best friend.(改为同义句改为同义句)You

11、r best friend is _ _ than you.4.He has some money,too.(改为否定句改为否定句)He _ _ _ money,_.What should youI dont think you should finish your homework first.more populardoesnt have any either三三 用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空1.You should _(go)to see a doctor.2.Mother asked me _(get)up early.3.They are _(plan)how t

12、o spend the summer holiday.4.Lets _(try)our best to make our world more beautiful.5.He _(leave)his bag at school yesterday.goto getplanningtryleft四四 选择填空。选择填空。1.The little baby has two _.A.tooth B.tooths C.toothes D.teeth2.Whats the matter with you?-_.A.Im glad B.I have a cold C.I have something to

13、do D.Sorry,I dont know你你能看出能看出“看到某人正在做某事看到某人正在做某事”的句型吗的句型吗?see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事看见某人正在做某事e.g.When I pass the window I see him drawing a picture.Language points 21 .when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.这时司机看到一位老人正躺在路边。这时司机看到一位老人正躺在路边。观察与思考1)我看见他时他正在河边玩。我看见他时他正在河边玩。I saw h

14、im _ by the river.2)我看见过他在河边玩。我看见过他在河边玩。I saw him _ by the river.playingplaysee sb.do sth.看见某人做过某事e.g.I often see him draw a picture.活学活用 2.The bus driver,24-year-old Wang Ping,stopped the bus without thinking twice.3.He only thought about saving a life.你你能看出能看出“without thinking”、“about saving a lif

15、e”的共的共同点吗同点吗?共共同点：介词同点：介词+doing 介词介词+名词名词 宾格代词宾格代词 doing 观察与思考用用适当的形式填空。适当的形式填空。1)I am fine.What about _(she)?2)Thanks for _(tell)me the story?3)It is a sunny day.How about _(go)fishing?4)It is good to relax by _(use)the Internet or _(watch)game shows.hertellinggoingusingwatching 活学活用 4.But to his s

16、urprise,they all agreed to go with him.to ones surprise 使.惊讶的是，出乎.意料e.g.To their surprise,all the students pass the exam.Much to everyones surprise,the plan succeeded.当trouble意为“困难；麻烦”时，是不可数名词。如：Im sorry to give you so much trouble.(1)be in trouble意为“有困难；陷入困境”。如:He always asks me for help when he is

17、 in trouble.(2)get sb.into trouble 意为“使某人陷入困境”。如:If you come,you may get me into trouble.5.because they dont want any trouble,.(3)主语+have/has trouble(in)doing sth.意为“某人在做某事方面有困难”。如:I have some trouble(in)reading the letter.当trouble意为“麻烦事；烦心事”时，是可数名词。如：She was on the phone for an hour telling me her

18、troubles.right away 意为“立刻；马上”，和 in a minute 意思相近。例如：Ill be there right away/in a minute.另外，right now和 at once也可表示“立刻;马上”的意思。6.needed to go the hospital right away.一一 用括号内的词的适当形式填空。用括号内的词的适当形式填空。1.The driver saw an old man _(lie)on the road.2.I sat in the same way without _(move).3.He only thought ab

19、out _(save)a life and didnt think about _(him).4.The old man needed _(go)to the hospital.lyingmovingsavinghimselfto goExercise1.作作“有有”讲。讲。如：如：I have a bag.我有一个包。我有一个包。He has a red cup.他有一个红杯子。他有一个红杯子。2.作作“吃、喝吃、喝”讲。如：讲。如：have breakfast(吃早饭吃早饭)have tea (喝茶喝茶)have a biscuit(吃块饼干吃块饼干)have a drink(喝点水喝点水

20、)3.作作“患病患病”讲。讲。have a cold,have a fever4.固定短语固定短语 have a try,have a look,have a party1.她有许多好朋友。她有许多好朋友。She _ lots of good friends.2.当我们感冒时，应该多喝水。当我们感冒时，应该多喝水。When we _ bad colds,we should drink more water.3.他早餐常吃鸡蛋。他早餐常吃鸡蛋。He _ eggs for breakfast.4.他昨天去参加聚会了。他昨天去参加聚会了。He _yesterday.hashavehashad a p

21、arty should属情态动词属情态动词,后接动词原形后接动词原形,没有人称和数的变没有人称和数的变 化。用于提出建议劝告别人。化。用于提出建议劝告别人。should的否定形式为的否定形式为 should not,通常缩写为通常缩写为 shouldnt。1.Tom,I have a toothache.汤姆汤姆,我牙痛。我牙痛。You should see a dentist.你应当去看牙医。你应当去看牙医。2.Im not feeling well these days.I have bad cough.这些天我身体不适这些天我身体不适,老是咳嗽。老是咳嗽。You shouldnt smo

22、ke so much,I think.我认为你不该抽这么多烟。我认为你不该抽这么多烟。3.Should I put some medicine on it?Yes,you should./No,you shouldnt.4.What should she do?She should take her temperature.1.She has a stomachache.She _ eat so much next time.2.Should she see a dentist and get an X-ray?Yes,she _./No,she _.shouldntshouldshouldn

23、t 反身代词又称为自身代词，表示动作反身代词又称为自身代词，表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。它还可以在行为反射到行为执行者本身。它还可以在句中起到强调的作用，用以加强语气。句中起到强调的作用，用以加强语气。英英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本形式如下表所示：本形式如下表所示：第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself yourself himself herself itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 1

24、.可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同同一个或同一些的人或事物。一些的人或事物。如：如：Maria bought herself a scarf.玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。We must look after ourselves very well.我我们必须好好照顾自己。们必须好好照顾自己。2.可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一 个或同一些人或事物。个或同一些人或事物。如：如：She isnt quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服她今天身体不太舒服。3.可用作主语或宾语

25、的同位语，常用来加强语气。可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。I met the writer himself last week.我我上周见到了那位作家本人。上周见到了那位作家本人。4.用在某些固定短语当中。用在某些固定短语当中。照照顾自己顾自己 look after oneself/take care of oneself 自自学学teach oneself sth./learn sth.by oneself玩玩得高兴，过得愉快得高兴，过得愉

26、快enjoy oneself请请自用自用（随便吃（随便吃/喝些喝些）help oneself to sth.摔摔伤自己伤自己 hurt oneself自自言自语言自语 say to oneself沉沉浸于，陶醉于浸于，陶醉于之中之中lose oneself in 把把某人单独留下某人单独留下 leave sb.by oneself给给自己买自己买.东西东西 buy oneself sth.介介绍绍自己自己 introduce oneself1 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位 语，起强调作用。语，起强调作用。如：如：我自己能完成作业。我自己能

27、完成作业。(误误)Myself can finish my homework.(正正)I myself can finish my homework./I can finish my homework myself.2.反身代词表示反身代词表示“某人自己某人自己”，不能表示，不能表示“某人的东西某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东某人自己的（东西）西）”时，须要用时，须要用ones own.如：如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误误)Im drawing with myself crayons.(正正)Im drawing wi

28、th my own crayons.1.My classmate,Li Ming,made a card for _ just now.2.Bad luck!I cut _ with a knife yesterday.3.They tell us they can look after _ very well.4.My cat can find food by _.5.Help _ to some beef,boys.himself myself themselves itself yourselves Fill in the blanks and practice the conversa

29、tions.1.A:I hurt _ when I played basketball yesterday.What _ I do?B:You _ see a doctor and get an X-ray.2.A:_ the matter?B:My sister and I _ sore throats._ we go to school?A:No,you _.myselfshouldshouldWhatshaveShouldshouldnt4a初中英语人教版八年级下初中英语人教版八年级下Unit2 I will help to clean up the city parks.词汇短语句型精

30、讲词汇短语句型精讲1.我想去帮助无家可归的人。我想去帮助无家可归的人。Id _ _ _ homeless people.2.你可以请求医院允许你探访儿童并让他你可以请求医院允许你探访儿童并让他 们变得更高兴。们变得更高兴。You could _ hospitals _ _ you visit the kids and cheer them up.ask to letlike to helpFill in the blanks according to the text.Grammar FocusPresentation3.她自愿一周去那里一次帮助孩子们她自愿一周去那里一次帮助孩子们 学习读书。

31、学习读书。She _ there once a week _ _ kids learn to read.volunteers to help4.她决定参加一个志愿者课后阅读节目的选拔。她决定参加一个志愿者课后阅读节目的选拔。She _ _ try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.decided to5.马里奥相信这会帮助他获得他的梦想工作。马里奥相信这会帮助他获得他的梦想工作。Mario believes it can help him _ _ his future dream job.6.我正在制作一些告示，并将它们张贴于学校

32、我正在制作一些告示，并将它们张贴于学校里。里。Im making some signs _ _ _ around the school.to put upto get动词不定式动词不定式Language points 1Mr.Li asked the students to copy the text.We dont want to spent too much money.例句例句Jack turned his head around to look at people.Claire missed a great chance to make a lot of money.My mother

33、 wouldnt let me go to the movie.（动词宾语）（动词宾语）（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）（目的状语）（目的状语）（后置定语）（后置定语）（使役动词后省略（使役动词后省略to）Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.put up,hand out,call up,cheer up,come up with,give out,put off4a1.I want to _ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.Im too busy

34、with my studies this year.put off点拨：点拨：由句意由句意“本学期我学业太忙本学期我学业太忙”，可知，可知上文应意为上文应意为“我想将去动物医院工我想将去动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏季作的计划推迟到明年夏季”，故空，故空格处意为格处意为“推迟推迟”。2.She hopes to _ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.call up点拨：点拨：由下文目的状语由下文目的状语“to ask”意意“来问是否他们需来问是

35、否他们需要志愿者帮助做课外活动。要志愿者帮助做课外活动。”，可知空格处意，可知空格处意为为“打电话给打电话给”。3.Our class is trying to _ some ideas to _ sick children because they are often e up withcheer up点拨：点拨：由关键词由关键词idea及及sick children，可知第一空格，可知第一空格处意为处意为“想出想出”，第二空格处意为，第二空格处意为“使使 振奋振奋”。4.We decided to _ signs around the school and _ notices to tel

36、l students about the book sale.We will _ the money from the sale to homeless people.put uphand outgive out点拨：点拨：由关键词由关键词signs(告示告示)，notices(通知通知)，及，及money(钱钱)可知第一空意为可知第一空意为“张贴张贴”，第二，第二空格意为空格意为“发放发放”，第三空意为，第三空意为“捐赠捐赠”。1.He made me _(tell)him all the things.2.Please remember _(water)the plants while I

37、m away.3.Lets _(watch)a talk show.一、用所给词的适当形式填空。一、用所给词的适当形式填空。to watertellwatchExercise4.What can you expect _(learn)from the news?5.My parents want me _(be)a doctor.6.Id like _(watch)cartoons at home.to beto watchto learnset up 建起；设立建起；设立e.g.Lets set up our tent by the river.我们在河边搭建帐篷吧。我们在河边搭建帐篷吧。L

38、anguage points 21.Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.disabled adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的丧失能力的；有残疾的dis(否定前缀否定前缀)able(能够能够)disabled e.g.He was disabled in the accident.他在事故中残疾了。他在事故中残疾了。make a difference 影响；有作用影响；有作用e.g.It would make a big difference to my life.这会对我的生活产生很大

39、影响。这会对我的生活产生很大影响。2.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.deaf adj.聋的聋的 blind adj.瞎的；失明的瞎的；失明的e.g.Deaf people cant hear,and blind people cant see.聋人听不见，失明的人看不见。聋人听不见，失明的人看不见。3.What would it be like to be blind or deaf?imagine v.n.想象；设想想象；设想e.g.You dont imagine it is true.你别想象那是真的。你别想象那是真的。4.Or imag

40、ine you cant walk or use your hands easily.difficult adj.困难的困难的 difficulty n.difficulty n.困难；难题困难；难题e.g.When youre in difficulty,ask me for difficulty.当当你遇到困难时，向我求助。你遇到困难时，向我求助。5.but many people have these difficulties.e.g.Open the door,please.请开门。请开门。open v.打开；开打开；开6.opening and closing doors,train

41、 v.训练；培训训练；培训train v.training n.训练；培训训练；培训e.g.Im training myself for a race.我正在为赛跑作训练。我正在为赛跑作训练。Very hard training is necessary.刻苦训练很必要。刻苦训练很必要。7.Helpers about getting me a special trained dog.辨辨析：析：exciting 与与excitedexciting 意为意为“另人兴奋的另人兴奋的”，常用于修饰事物常用于修饰事物；excited 意为意为“激动的激动的”，人作主语人作主语。excited adj.

42、激动的；兴奋的激动的；兴奋的8.I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.e.g.The boy was too excited to go to sleep.小男孩太兴奋了，以至于不能入睡。小男孩太兴奋了，以至于不能入睡。I have some exciting news for you.我告诉你一些另人兴奋的消息。我告诉你一些另人兴奋的消息。e.g.It was clever of him to find the way here.他能找到这儿来真是聪明。他能找到这儿来真是聪明。clever adj.聪明

43、的聪明的9.Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.understand v.理解；领会理解；领会(understood)e.g.This grammar is easy to understand.这本语法书很容易理解。这本语法书很容易理解。e.g.How did it change his life？它如何改变他的生活？它如何改变他的生活？10.Thank you again for changing my life.Unit3 Could you please clean your room?初中英语人教版八年级下初

44、中英语人教版八年级下1.help out动词短语，表示在某人繁忙或遇到困难时动词短语，表示在某人繁忙或遇到困难时“给予帮助给予帮助”。help和和out之间还可以加入具体的之间还可以加入具体的“人人”。e.g.He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务。他帮我完成了任务。They helped(us)out with the clean-up.他们帮助我们做大扫除。他们帮助我们做大扫除。Language points 12.at least 至少至少 e.g.We should brush our teeth at least twice a day.我们每天

45、应该至少刷两次牙。我们每天应该至少刷两次牙。3.be back 回来回来 e.g.I wont be back till 11:00.我我11点以前回不来。点以前回不来。4.any minute now 一种常见的口语表达法，一种常见的口语表达法，相当于相当于“随时；马上；在任何时刻随时；马上；在任何时刻”的意思，的意思，表示事情有可能在极短的时间内发生或眼表示事情有可能在极短的时间内发生或眼下就要发生。下就要发生。minute还可以用还可以用second,moment,time等词等词替换。替换。e.g.Dont worry,he will come here any minute now.

46、别担心别担心,他会马上来这儿。他会马上来这儿。1.It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.此处代词此处代词it仅为形式上的主语仅为形式上的主语,真正的主语真正的主语是是to provide for their children。我们也。我们也可将可将It is ones job(duty,)to do sth.视为视为一个固定的句型一个固定的句型,表示表示“做某事是某人的工做某事是某人的工作作(职责等职责等)”。如如:Language poin

47、ts 2provide 作动词，意为作动词，意为“提供；供应提供；供应”。provide sb.with sth.或或provide sth.for sb.意为意为“为某人提供某物为某人提供某物”。如：如：Its every teachers job to explain things clearly to the students.把东西给学生讲明白是每一位老师应把东西给学生讲明白是每一位老师应做的事情。做的事情。The movie theater provides us with good service.His school provided a house for him.【汉译英】他

48、们提供给他钱和衣服。【汉译英】他们提供给他钱和衣服。They provided him with money and clothes.They provided money and clothes for him.2.And anyway,I think doing chores is not so difficult.反正我觉得干点家务也不难。反正我觉得干点家务也不难。anyway是一个副词是一个副词,若位于句首若位于句首,其后往其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论在此句中的作用是追加评论,相当相当于汉语的于汉语的

49、“反正反正;仍然仍然;依然依然”。如如:Sam didnt get the job,but hes not unhappy because it didnt pay well anyway.萨姆没有得到那份工作萨姆没有得到那份工作,但他并没有闷闷不乐但他并没有闷闷不乐,反正反正薪酬也不算高。薪酬也不算高。anyway还可用来表示还可用来表示“不管怎样不管怎样;无论如何无论如何”之意。之意。例如例如:Its just a cold.But anyway,you should still see the doctor.这只不过是感冒这只不过是感冒,但不管怎样但不管怎样,你还是应该看看医生。你还是应

50、该看看医生。3.ill&sick相同点相同点ill 与与sick 都可以表示都可以表示“生病的生病的”，都可作表语。，都可作表语。如：如：Alice was ill/sick yesterday.不同点不同点表示表示“生病生病”时，时，sick 可作定语，但可作定语，但ill 通常不通常不作定语。作定语。如：如：Could you help the sick girl?【运用】根据句意，用【运用】根据句意，用ill或或sick填空。填空。(1)The driver sent the _ baby to the hospital.(2)My brother is _.I have to look