Separating matters.ppt

1、On an industrial scale,thousands of tonnes of metal ore are pulverized and processed until pure metal is eventually obtained.Drinking water is purified,sewage is separated and treated,and air is liquefied and separated into its components.Tar sand is separated into sand,water,and tar(bitumen).The bi

2、tumen,like crude oil,is distilled-separated into a wide variety of similar components such as gasoline,diesel fuel,and asphalt.Use methanol(windshield washer antifreeze)and ethylene glycol(radiator antifreeze)along with gasoline and oil in the car.Separating leftover food,dishes,and utensils from th

3、e waste.Food scraps in the waste go to the compost pile.Separating the glass,metal,plastics,and paper waste that are recyclable.This process is continued at the recycling plant where different metal and paper product at separated from one another.uMechanical:One or more components are picked out of

4、the mixture either manually or by use of a magnet fro substance(iron,cobalt,nickel)uSettling:Some heterogeneous mixtures can be separated by letting one of the components settle to the bottom.Spinning the mixture at high speed(centrifuging)may be to accelerate this process.uFlotation:Oil,detergents,

5、or other chemicals are added to the heterogeneous mixture and air is blown through.The froth containing the desired component floats,and us skimmed off the surface.This technique is used to concentrate ore of zinc,copper,nickel,and lead,and to separate bitumen(tar)from sand.Filtration:a heterogeneou

6、s mixture,usually a solid in a liquid or gas,is passed through a screen or filter.The solid is trapped and separated from the liquid or gas.uExtraction:the mixture is mixed with a solvent that dissolves one or more,but not all,components.For example,table salt and sand can be separated by using wate

7、r to dissolve(extract)the salt.uFractional distillation:a liquid mixture is boiled and one or more components and separated as they vaporize from the mixture at different temperature.Crystallization:a dissolved solid is separated from a solution by cooling or concentrating the solution to crystallize the solid.Chromatography:a mixture is carried by a solvent through a stationary,porous medium such as a column of solids or a filter paper.Separation occurs because components of the mixture move at different rates in the porous medium.