美国历史之英语简介课件.ppt

1、 History of the United States The Discovery of AmericaThe War of IndependenceThe American Civil War Westward ExpansionThe Great Depression Introduction to British and American CultureColumbus In 1492,Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands.Columbus called the local people Indians.Introductio

2、n to British and American CultureHe first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered.The New World was named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci.Introduction to British and American CultureIn 1607Three ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed by the side of a river-the James River.

3、The first English colony was founded at Jamestown,Virginia.Introduction to British and American CultureDuring the first 150 years,the British colonies in North America became a“melting pot”.By the early 1760s,English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.Introduction to Briti

4、sh and American CultureThe Conflict between Britain and the American Colonists The War of Independence Introduction to British and American CultureBackgroundThe British government started imposing new taxes on sugar,coffee and textiles(纺织业).They passed many laws such as the Quartering Act and the St

5、amp Act(印花税法).Introduction to British and American CultureBackground In 1773,British government passed a new law-the Tea Act.Slogan “No taxation without representation”Time December 16,1773 Event A group of Americans threw 342 boxes of tea into Boston Harbour(波士顿港）.Introduction to British and Americ

6、an CultureTimeOn October 19,1781 Result The British soldiers were forced to surrender.Consequences George Washington became the first President.The 4th of July became the national holiday of America-the Independence Day.Introduction to British and American Culture1763:The French and Indian War ended

7、 1773:_1774:The First Continental Congress 1775:_1776:_ 1781:_ Boston Tea Party/Tea ActThe War of Independence beganDeclaration of Independence was adoptedThe War of Independence ended Introduction to British and American CultureOn July 4,1776 the Second Continental Congress officially declared inde

8、pendence and formed the United States of America by adopting the Declaration of Independence,written by Thomas Jefferson（托马斯杰斐逊）of Virginia.(July 4 is celebrated as the nations birthday.)1.The hardship of early pioneer settlers Oregon Trail (俄勒冈小道俄勒冈小道)The trip on foot took four to six months.People

9、 traveled to California in the search for quick riches.The number of westwardmigrants multiplied.Northern vs.SouthernAbraham Lincoln Introduction to British and American CultureThree significant conflicts between the North and South of America.The slave problemDifferent economic interestsThe politic

10、al conflictMajor issueSlavery Introduction to British and American CultureThe Southern states Claimed for themselves the Confederate States(or the Confederacy)Slavery continuedThe Northern StatesFought to maintain the UnionCalled the Union States Slavery had been abolished Introduction to British an

11、d American CultureIssuesSouthern StatesNorthern StatesEconomyPlantations_centerSlavery_AbolishedPolitical powerMore powerful_ powerfulSupportThe Confederacy_Manufacturing Continued Less The Union Introduction to British and American CultureMarch 1861-took the office of the president.April 12,1861-th

12、e Civil War began.September 22,1862-issued the Emancipation Proclamationwhich granted freedom to about 4 million slaves.Made a famous speech in Gettysburg.Introduction to British and American Cultureon April 9,1865The Civil War officially ended with the unconditional surrender of the South.Consequen

13、ce It resolved two fundamental issues:Slavery was completely abolished;America became a single and stronger nation.Introduction to British and American CultureIn October 1929,the stock market crashed,marketing the beginning of the Great Depression.During this time,the United States experienced defla

14、tion,unemployment soared from 3%in 1929 to 25%in 1933,and manufacturing output collapsed by one-third.Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother,depicts destitute pea pickers in California Hoovers response to the depression President and Mrs.Roosevelt“First of all,let me assert my firm belief that the only thin

15、g we have to fear is fear itselfnameless,unreasoning,unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.”FDR and the Early Phases of the New DealTo bring immediate relief to those who were suffering Public Works AdministrationCivil Works AdministrationTo bring the econ

16、omy back to prosperityAgricultural Adjustment AdministrationTennessee Valley AuthorityTo put safeguards in place so that the same situation would not occur againFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationSecurities and Exchange Commission The Second New Deal The New Deal did not pull the nation out of the

17、 Great Depression However,it did substantially improve the lives of millions of people for both the short term and the long term.The programs of the New Deal would help stabilize the country and bring hope to millions.After World War IIBecame the strongest power in the world Introduction to British

18、and American CultureIsolationism and NeutralityFirst they came for the communists,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a communist.Then they came for the trade unionists,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a trade unionist.Then they came for the Jews,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a Jew.Then they came for meand there was no one left to speak out for me.Immediate Cause of Americas entrance into WWII-the Japanese raid on the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7,1941 THANK YOU