Book2Unit1grammar教学讲解课件.ppt

1、关系词成分作用主语 动词宾语(可省)介词宾语定语 状语定语从句三步：定语从句三步：第一找出第一找出先行词先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的成分第二看先行词在定语从句中的成分 (做主语、宾语或状语）做主语、宾语或状语）第三选择合适的第三选择合适的关系代词关系代词 或或关系副词关系副词who,that,whichwhom,who,that,whichwhom,whichwhosewhen,where,why用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空.1.The teachers _ are present at our class are all experienced teac

2、hers.2.I hate jobs_ is boring.3.Have you got everything _you need?4.There are many trees under _they can have a rest.5.The house _windows face south is mine.6.The house of _ the windows face south is mine.7.The woman_ he met is his Mon.whose which/that(whom/who/that)(that)whichwho/thatwhich8.The sch

3、ool _ we are studying is very famous.9.Guilin is a city _ has a history of 2000 years.10.I will never forget the day _ we worked together 11.I will never forget the day _ we spent together.12.The reason _ he was late is not true.13.The reason_ he told me is not true.14._ we all know,our school is ov

4、er 100 years old.15.The man to _ I was talking is my teacher.wherewhomAswhichwhichwhenwhythat/whichthe school在从句中作状语在从句中作状语 a city 在从句中作主语在从句中作主语a)She has two brothers who are working in the city.(She has more than two brothers.)她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。b)She has two brothers,who are working in t

5、he city.(She has only two brothers.)她有两个弟弟她有两个弟弟,他们在这个城市工作。他们在这个城市工作。Look at the sentences and find the difference meanings下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差，意义大相径庭。下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差，意义大相径庭。a)He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others.他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。b)He will wear no clothes,whi

6、ch will make him different from others.他不穿衣服他不穿衣服,这会使他显得与众不同。这会使他显得与众不同。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句是限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语的定语,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。的关系代词常可省略。如如:a)What is the na

7、me of the tall woman who is standing there?站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b)Toronto is a city(that)I ve always wanted to visit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。2.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,只是只是对先行词作些附加的说明对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开逗号分开,一般一般不用不用that引导。

8、非限制性定语引导。非限制性定语从句中从句中,关系词不可省略关系词不可省略。如：。如：a)Rome,which is the capital of Italy,has avery long history.意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。1.Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。大学。(意含意含:她还有其他哥哥她还有其他哥哥)比较下列句子比较下列句子:Her brother,who is now a sol

9、dier,always encourages herto go to college.她哥哥是当兵的她哥哥是当兵的,他总是鼓励她他总是鼓励她上大学。上大学。(意含意含:她只有一个哥哥她只有一个哥哥)2.All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。(意含意含:不带插图的书则不一定写得好不带插图的书则不一定写得好)All the books,which have pictures in them,are well written.所有的书都带插图所有的书都带插图,这些

10、书都写得这些书都写得很好。很好。(意含意含:没有不带插图的书没有不带插图的书)3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊场合非限制性而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非此时非限制性定语从句常由限制性定语从句常由which引导。引导。eg.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。

11、析析:从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此因此先行词为整个主句先行词为整个主句，此时应由，此时应由which引导引导定语从句。定语从句。eg.A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people present.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语,令所有在场令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。的人感到非常惊讶。析析:从语境可知从语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶令所有在场的人感到惊

12、讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此一件事，因此先行词为整个主句先行词为整个主句，此时应由，此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空.1)._ is known to all,he is the best student.2).Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.Aswhichas 与与which引导非限制性定语从句都引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句能指代整句内容，但定语

13、从句位于句首时，只能用首时，只能用 as,意为意为“正如、恰正如、恰如如”。3).It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.4).It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.asthat归纳归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被前常被such,the same,so,as 修饰，修饰，即构成即构成suchas,the same as,soas,结构，做题时容易忽略。结构，做题时容易忽略。as在在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。语或表语。comp

14、etition1.Hangzhou is a beautiful city,_ people visit the famous West Lake.2.Beijing,_ is the capital of China,has a very long history.3._ is known to all,he is the best student.4.The young man had a new girl friend,_ is a pop star.ExerciseswhichAswhowhere/in which5.I should thank my teacher,with _ h

15、elp,I solved the problem.6.He once worked on the Birds Nest,_ _ his son is proud.whoseofwhich1.She was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,_ madethe others unhappy.A.which B.who C.this D.what2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a

16、child.A.which B.when C.that D.whereA D 练一练练一练3.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom4.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.where C.in which D.thatB D 5.The old man has two sons,_ is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.

17、none of them6.New York is famous for its sky-scrapers (摩天大楼摩天大楼)_ has more than 100 storeys.A.the higher of them B.the highest of which C.the highest of them D.some of whichA B 7.My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.A.which B.as C.where D.when8.In the office I never seem to have tim

18、e until after 5:30 p.m.,_ many people have gone home.A.whose time B.that C.at which D.by which timeB D 9.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that D.which10.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that

19、D.itB B 11.Mr.Wang is a boss,_ factory Li Ping worked.A.in whose B.whose C.in whom D.of which12.I dont like the way _ you speak to her.A./B.that C.in which D.All(A,B,and C)A D 13.I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a good effect on my life.A.that,which B.wh

20、en,which C.which,that D.when,who14._ is known to all,China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A.What B.That C.As D.ItB C 15.Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library?A.that B.which C.the one D./16.Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand.A.that B.w

21、hich C.as D.likeC C 17.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A./B.that C.which D.who18.This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.A.where B.there C.that D.whichB A 19.Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing,_ my old parents live.A.which B.that C.where D.

22、there20.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.A.that B.which C.when D.whereC D 猜猜看猜猜看,下面的句子明白了吗下面的句子明白了吗?1.不懂装懂不懂装懂,一事无一事无成。成。He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything,is indeed a good-for-nothing.2.甘当小绵羊甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼。迟早要喂狼。He that makes hims

23、elf a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.3.万事开头难。万事开头难。Its the first step that costs.4.千里之行千里之行,始于足始于足下。下。He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom.5.自满的人腹中自满的人腹中空。空。He who is full of himself is very empty.6.闪光的未必都是金子。闪光的未必都是金子。Not all that glitters is gold.Homework1.Review the grammar points;2.Finish exercises 1,2,3 and 4 on page 4;3.Preview using language.