Unit4-Cultural-Encounter教学讲解课件.ppt

1、1.21st Century is a new age.What kind of age is it?In such an age,what is needed to gain and pass on information?For communication?2.English is becoming an international language.As English majors,have you worried about the over widespread use of English?maniaPre-reading questions3.In using English,

2、do you sometimes have trouble finding the exact Chinese counterpart of an English word or expression,or vive versa?how do you solve the problem?Literal translation explanationPre-reading questions 21st century is an Information age.Language.Communication is impossible when different peoples speak di

3、fferent languages.Communication can take place when people from different cultural backgrounds share a same language.In this sense,we can say that the new age is a cross-cultural communication age which demands people to have cross-cultural communication awareness and knowledge.Take Chinese and Engl

4、ish idiomsa drop in the ocean 沧海一粟沧海一粟to laugh off ones head 笑掉大牙笑掉大牙to shed crocodile tears 猫哭老鼠猫哭老鼠to spend money like water 挥金如土挥金如土turn up ones nose at 嗤之以鼻嗤之以鼻 rain cats and dogs 倾盆大雨倾盆大雨 black and blue 鼻青脸肿鼻青脸肿 at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟乱七八糟 As Brown explains,“It is apparent that culture,as an i

5、ngrained set of behaviors and modes of perception,becomes highly important in the learning of a second language.A language is a part of a culture,and a culture is a part of a language;the two are intricately interwoven so that one cannot separate the two without losing the significance of either lan

6、guage or culture.The acquisition of a second language,except for specialized,instrumental acquisition,is also the acquisition of a second culture.(Brown,1993:165)”.Therefore,in order to successfully communicate with English native speakers,it is not enough for EFL learners to merely have a good mast

7、ery of vocabulary and a thorough command of grammar;they should also become familiar with the cultural differences that may affect proper understanding of that language.lThe term cultural encounter or culture shock was first introduced by the anthropologist Oberg in 1954.It is a term used to describ

8、e the anxiety and feelings(of surprise,disorientation,confusion,etc.)felt when people have to operate within an entirely different cultural or social environment,such as a foreign country.What is culture encounter?1.Whats Culture Shock?It means strong feelings of discomfort,fear,or anxiety,which peo

9、ple may have when they enter another culture.1honeymoon2depression3regression5reverse4recovery Honeymoon PhaseEverything usually goes _.Rejection Phase The newcomer may encounter many problems in _,_,or interpersonal communication.You may feel that people may no longer care about your problem,and th

10、ey dont like foreigners.The newcomer may start to _ and _ the host culture.Regression PhaseYou spend much of your time speaking your own language,watching video from your home country,and eating food from home.You may remember_fairly smoothlytransportationshoppingcomplain aboutrejectgood things abou

11、t your home countryonly theRecovery PhaseYou become more comfortable with the customs of your host country.You start to realize that no country _-they are just _.Reverse Culture ShockYou are no longer _.It may take a little while to become at ease with your home culture.is much better than anotherdi

12、fferentcompletely comfortable in your home country Susan Bassnett is Professor in the Centre for Translation and Comparative Cultural Studies which she founded in the 1980s.She was educated in several European countries,which gave her a grounding in diverse languages and cultures.She is author of ov

13、er 20 books,and her Translation Studies,(3rd ed.2002)which first appeared in 1980,has remained consistently in print and has become the most important textbook around the world in the expanding field of Translation Studies.Her Comparative Literature:A Critical Introduction(1993)has also become an in

14、ternationally renowned work and has been translated into several languages.Recent books include Sylvia Plath:An Introduction to the Poetry(2004),.This text is an argumentative essay.The author presents her argument logically and naturally.She uses vivid examples to produce an impressive effect.The a

15、uthors purpose of writing:To elucidate the need for international and intercultural understanding due to the global expression of English.The thesis statement is“Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at o

16、ur peril.”The text can be divided into 3 parts.The first part comprises the first three paragraphs.Paragraphs 4-7 constitute the second part,which is the body of the text.The last part of the text briefly points out the immense significance of intercultural understanding.Part One(Paragraphs 1-3):Sus

17、an Bassnett argues that we live in an age of easy access to the rest of the world and this global communications revolution is linked to the expansion of English.Hence the question concerning language and culture is raised and brought into discussion.para 1:global communicationpara 2:English&communi

18、cationpara 3:problems arousing from global communicationrelationship between language and culture Part Two(Paragraphs 4-7):By making good use of exemplification,the author elaborates her view that language goes further than communication but also transports a cultural subtext.She further points out

19、that translators negotiated the boundaries between languages and came up with a compromise.para 4:different culture-what we can say in one language cannot be expressed at all in anotherpara 5:Bible translationpara 6:compromisingpara 7:criticism Part Three(Paragraph 8):The text briefly states the fun

20、ction or significance of intercultural understanding.World peace in the future depends on intercultural understanding.access n.entrance;way in;means of entering(Para.1)e.g.:1)The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track.通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是这条泥泞的小路。2)The facilities have been adapted to g

21、ive access to wheelchair users.这些设施已经过改装，使轮椅使用者们能够进入。(1)distant in space or time(时间空间上)遥远的;偏僻的 e.g.:We can see remote stars through a telescope.In the remote future,many new changes will be taking place.(2)quiet and lonely(亲属关系上)远的 e.g.:One of my remote relatives lives in a remote village in the hil

22、ls.(3)indifferent 冷淡的,疏远的,漠不关心的 Her manner was polite but remote.她彬彬有礼,却十分冷淡。The remote control 遥控器 n.remoteness 遥远；偏僻 e.g.:They found the remoteness of the country a great problem.他们发现这个乡村太偏僻是个很严重的问题。:Mention;speak about 谈到，涉及，指的是 e.g.:1)I am not allowed to describe the officers or refer to them by

23、 name.2)Which companies was she referring to when she spoke of competing firms?e.g.:The days are gone when women were referred to as the weaker sex without causing trouble.称女人为弱者而不会惹上麻烦的日子，已经一去不复返了。1.V.make fun of 嘲笑，讥笑；嘲弄；e.g.:She mocked him as a country boy.她嘲笑他是个乡下孩子。2.Adj.constituting a copy or

24、imitation of sth.模拟的，模仿的 a mock exam/battleMocking adj.a mocking smile back-packing:If you go backpacking,you go traveling with a backpack.desert oasis:a place with water and trees in a desert;a place which is different from its surroundings,usu.in a pleasant or comforting way Text message（文字文字短信短信息

25、息）:a written message that is sent or received on a mobile phone or pager Text:v.If you text someone,you send them a text message on a cellphone.(用手机)给发短信 e.g.:Mary texted me when she got home.玛丽到家时给我发了短信。Multimedia message（彩信）（彩信）Provided(that.):倘若，只要.e.g.:The other banks are going to be very eager

26、to help,provided that they see that he has a specific plan.如果他有一个具体的计划，其他的银行才会非常渴望提供资助。regardless of(Para.2):without taking account of or worrying about 不管，不顾 e.g.:All our proposals were rejected,regardless of their merits.facilitate(Para.2):vt.Help;make easy or easier 促进；帮助；使容易 e.g.:The new undergr

27、ound railway will facilitate the journey to the airport.facility n.设施；天赋设施；天赋 e.g.:What recreational facilities are now available?什么娱乐设施现在是可用的？essential a (to/for)completely necessary for the existence,success,etc.of sth.e.g.:We can live without clothes,but food and drink are essential.It is essenti

28、al that every child has the same educational opportunities.(wrong)It is essential that every child(should)have the same educational opportunities.A类：虚拟语气可用在非真实条件句（注意这类为条件句），表示一种不能实现的假设。这类分类比较简单，我们需要做的就是判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。从句中用过去完成时形式表示。与现在事实相反。从句中用过去一般时形式表示。与将来事实可能相反。从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态

29、动词would,should,could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。B类：虚拟语气除主要用于非真实条件句外，还可用在部分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句之中。常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词：形容词：important,necessary,urgent,essential,vital,natural,strange,proper等 动词的-ed形式：arranged,suggested,ordered,required,desired,demanded,proposed等 In it is important/vital/essential/necessary

30、/desirable thatstructure,it doesnt matter whether the structure is in the present or past tense or whether the subject in the that-clause is in the singular or plural form,we should always use the basic form of the verb,especially in formal writing.In British English,should is used before the verb.s

31、tepping-stone(Para.2):any of a row of large stones with a level top,which one walks on to cross a river or stream;figuratively,a way of improvement or gaining success 奠基石，跳板e.g.:For some people,gaining power is an essential stepping-stone to a successful life.spring board have misgivings about.(Para

32、.3):对.有疑惑，有疑虑e.g.:1)At the time,many doctors had serious misgivings about the new treatment.在那时，许多医生对新的治疗方法有着强烈的担忧。2)She had some misgivings about what she was about to do.她对自己要做的事有些疑虑。Profound(Para.3):adj.深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的e.g.:I give you my profound thanks for saving my life.a profound sigh/sleep/insig

33、htProfoundly:adv.e.g.:I am profoundly grateful for this opportunity to meet you.at ones peril:(used when advising sb.not to do sth.)with the near certainty of meeting great danger 咎由自取，(自己)承担风险 e.g.:1)You ignore this warning at your peril.2)You take traffic signals lightly at your peril.at the peril

34、 of:冒冒的危险的危险 e.g.:The army is at the peril of being attacked from all sides.这支军队正冒着从四方被攻击的危险。What is most important is the deep and strongly felt relationship between language and culture that forms the core of society.If we fail to notice this relationship,we shall be in great danger.Label(Para.4)v

35、.1.贴标签于，用签条标明 e.g.:The steel can was labelled“flammable”.这个钢罐贴有“易燃品”的标签。2.把称为，把说成是，描述，把归类 e.g.:They labelled him as a communist.他们说他是一名共产党员。n.标签；标记；贴条 e.g.:The labels were attached to the luggage.Involve(Para.4)v.1.牵涉，牵连，使卷入；使陷入(麻烦、困境等):e.g.:The case involved many innocent people.这一案件牵涉了许多无辜的人。2.包含，

36、含有，包括;需要，必须:e.g.:Winning the game involves both skill and perseverance.Despair disp n.绝望，失望;令人失望的人(或物)，e.g.:1)I was in despair,all hope gone.2)He is the despair of his teacher because he refuses to study.v.绝望，失望，失去希望，丧失信心(常与of连用)：e.g.:1)I despair of ever finding him again.我对再找到他已丧失信心。2)Dont despair.

37、Hover(Para.4)v.1.(鸟等)翱翔，盘旋；(直升飞机等)悬停;徘徊；守候(或逗留)在近旁 e.g.:Seagulls hover over the surging waves.海鸥在惊涛骇浪上翱翔。2.踌躇，徬徨，犹豫；波动，摇摆不定 e.g.:He hovered between staying and leaving.在去留问题上，他犹豫不决了。-They were to meet at a given time and place.(specified,certain)-Given the present conditions,I think shes done rather

38、 well.(considering)-Given that I have enough time,Ill do it again.(suppose,providing that)be given to sth./doing sth.:tend to,usually do sth.有癖好;倾向于 Hes given to drinking rather heavily.他沉溺于酗酒中。Shes given to depression.她有消沉的倾向。Children are given to asking questions.孩子们喜欢问问题。Negotiate(Para.5)v.谈判，磋商;

39、通过讨论商定(或解决)，谈成 e.g.:1)The boundary treaty was negotiated between the two countries.(vt)两国间经过谈判达成了边界协议。2)It is not clear whether the president is willing to negotiate with the Democrats.(vi)尚不清楚总统是否愿意与民主党人进行谈判。Negotiate(Para.5)n.negotiations 常用复数谈判，磋商，交涉，会谈，洽谈 e.g.:We have had meaningful negotiations

40、 and I believe we are very close to a deal.我们已经进行了富有意义的谈判，我相信我们很快就能达成协议。adj.negotiable:niuibl可通过谈判解决的；可协商的 non-negotiableCome up with(Para.5):提出；想出；赶上e.g.:1)He came up with a new suggestion.2)Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the worlds food supply.Compromise(Para.5)n.妥协

41、，和解；折衷 e.g.:Encourage your child to reach a compromise between what he wants and what you want.鼓励你的孩子在他想要的和你想要的之间折衷。v.妥协 e.g.:Nine,I said.Nine thirty,he replied.We compromised on 9:15.“9点,”我说。“9:30,”他回答道。我们各让一步定在9:15。Approximate(Para.6)v.近似;接近于;近似于 e.g.:1)The mixture described below will approximate

42、 it,but is not exactly the same.(vt)下面所描述的混合物会与之近似，但不完全一样。2)Your story only approximates to the real facts.(vi)adj.大概的e.g.The approximate cost varies from around$150 to$250.大致的费用在$150至$250之间不等。Regarding(Para.6)prep.关于；至于；就而言；在方面e.g.:1)I had nothing to say regarding this matter.对于这件事我无话可说。2)If you ha

43、ve any questions regarding any of our services,please feel free to call me.slice v.cut into slices or thin flat pieces;cut off as a slice e.g.:Slice the cucumber,please.She sliced up the cake.(把切成片)She sliced off a thick piece from the loaf.(切去，切掉)Mothers Pride:a brand for bread even as(Para.7):just

44、 when,just ase.g.:She went away even as you came.她就在你来的时候走的。lose out(to sb.).:fail,be replaced bye.g.:He didnt want to lose out to the other salesmen.他不想输给其他推销员。Enter into(Para.7)1.进入,成为的一部分,参加,开始从事e.g.:We entered into the sport with zest.我们热心参加这项运动。2.分享，分担；同情，体谅；理解；共同具有,共鸣；e.g.:I can never enter in

45、to her jokes.她讲的那些笑话总不能引我发笑。to enter into the household tasks 分担家务活儿Accordingly(Para.7)adv.1.因此(常用于句首)therefore，soe.g.:We have a different background,a different history.Accordingly,we have the right to different futures.我们拥有不同的背景、不同的历史。因此，我们有权获得不一样的前途。2.相应地(常用于句末)e.g.:It is a difficult job and they

46、 should be paid accordingly.它是一项艰巨的工作，他们应该相应地获得报酬。Cut down on(Para.7)If you cut down on something or cut down something,you use or do less of it.减少e.g.:He cut down on coffee and cigarettes,and ate a balanced diet.他少喝咖啡，少抽烟，饮食均衡。Cut down(on)expenses 减少花销 Cut down a tree 砍倒一棵树be well/idealy/best place

47、d for/to do sth.(Para.8):be in a good position or have a good opportunity to do sth.最适合/容易做e.g.:English graduates are well placed for these jobs.Latest(para.8):most up-to-datee.g.:her latest book.她最近出版的书state of the art:n./adj.:most advanced(can be also written as“state-of-the-art”)最先进工艺/科技水平(的)e.g.

48、:a state-of-the-art system a state-of-the-art military equipment as long as;can never fail to be reached no matter fail to notice at great risk may be described by these words to varying degrees were directly confronted with the problem that something in one language cannot be rendered into another

49、stepping stone at their peril serve mentality staple facilitating messaging hybrid economy accessible fundamentally homesick negotiable adjusted remoteness complacently DCAD BABC time,era,epoch meetings basic,fundamental misshape unavoidably worry,concern,anxiety,apprehension therefore,so,thus hide,

50、conceal unbelievable,unrealistic imperfect,impossible disagreement,disappointment misplace,misspell malfunction,malnutrition enable,enhance surpass,surmount submarine,subconsciousness 1.因此，您会问为什么还有人会对这些绝妙的发展顾虑重重?为什么英语成为世界语言会让一部分人忐忑不安？惴惴不安 2.不同的文化并不仅是指给世界贴上不同标签的人群；语言给了我们塑造世界观的工具，而语言之间又是不一样的。3.当千百万人在学