福建省晋江市XX中学高考英语专题复习-构词法课件.ppt

1、 运用构词法，运用构词法，增加英语词汇量增加英语词汇量 1 意义意义 英语单词虽然难学、难记，但它们一般英语单词虽然难学、难记，但它们一般是有规律可寻，这种规律被称之为构词法。是有规律可寻，这种规律被称之为构词法。英语构词法是英语词汇学的重要组成部分，英语构词法是英语词汇学的重要组成部分，它揭示了词汇的构成方式，是学习词汇、它揭示了词汇的构成方式，是学习词汇、迅速扩大词汇量的十分有效的方法。如果迅速扩大词汇量的十分有效的方法。如果我们从构词法入手，了解和掌握英语词汇我们从构词法入手，了解和掌握英语词汇的基本构成方式，就可以使词汇学习变得的基本构成方式，就可以使词汇学习变得简单、高效，从而迅速扩

2、大词汇量就可以简单、高效，从而迅速扩大词汇量就可以成为一种可能。成为一种可能。2 One year ago,when Fiona turned four,One year ago,when Fiona turned four,Sam and I decided to Sam and I decided to home-schoolhome-school her inst her instead of sending her to ead of sending her to pre-schoolpre-school.（1 1）school school 从名词从名词“学校学校”转化为转化为动词动

3、词“教育某人教育某人”。3 （2 2）同时）同时schoolschool与与home home 构成构成合成一个单词，意为合成一个单词，意为“以家庭以家庭的方式教育某人的方式教育某人”，“在家里在家里教育某人教育某人”。这是。这是“名词名词+动词动词=合成动词合成动词”。4 （3 3）pre-schoolpre-school是由前缀是由前缀“prpre-”e-”（表示（表示“先于，在先于，在之前之前”的意思）加词根的意思）加词根schoolschool而构成的而构成的派生词，所以它的中文意义是派生词，所以它的中文意义是指指“幼儿园幼儿园”。5构构词词法法1.1.合成法合成法2.2.转化法转化法

4、3.3.派生法派生法 4.4.缩略法缩略法6由词根加前缀或后缀构成新词。由词根加前缀或后缀构成新词。一、派生法一、派生法否否定定前前缀缀un-un-dis-dis-in-in-im-im-mis-mis-non-non-understand understand politepolitesmokersmokeragreeagreefairfairvisible visible 7一些重要的前缀：一些重要的前缀：1.re-1.re-再再 retell,remarry,review retell,remarry,review2.mini-2.mini-微型的微型的 minibus,miniskir

5、tminibus,miniskirt3.tele-3.tele-远的远的 telescope,telephonetelescope,telephone4.mid-4.mid-中间中间 midnight,mid-autumnmidnight,mid-autumn5.en-5.en-使使 enlarge,enrich,ensure enlarge,enrich,ensure 6.fore-6.fore-在在前面前面 foreseeforesee，forecastforecast7.pre-7.pre-提前，预先提前，预先 previewpreview，prepayprepay8一些重要的后缀：一些

6、重要的后缀：1.1.表示人的有：表示人的有：-er,-or,-an,-ress,-is-er,-or,-an,-ress,-ist t 如：如：cleaner,driver,inventor,professocleaner,driver,inventor,professor,Asian,Russian,hostess,actress,artir,Asian,Russian,hostess,actress,artist,scientist st,scientist 92.2.表示名词的后缀有：表示名词的后缀有：-ment,-tion,-sion,-ment,-tion,-sion,-al,-an

7、ce,-th,-ness,-dom-al,-ance,-th,-ness,-dom 如：如：agreement,development,celebration,agreement,development,celebration,competition,arrival,proposal,importance,competition,arrival,proposal,importance,confidence,truth,length,happiness,darkneconfidence,truth,length,happiness,darkness,freedom,wisdomss,freedo

8、m,wisdom103.3.表示形容词后缀的有：表示形容词后缀的有：-ful,-ble,-al,-less,-ly,-ful,-ble,-al,-less,-ly,-ous,-y,-ern,-en-ous,-y,-ern,-en 如：如：useful,hopeful,comfortable,enjoyable,natuseful,hopeful,comfortable,enjoyable,natural,musical,careless,hopeless,homeless,frienural,musical,careless,hopeless,homeless,friendly,weekly,

9、lovely,famous,dangerous,cloudy,dly,weekly,lovely,famous,dangerous,cloudy,windy,eastern,western,woolen,woodenwindy,eastern,western,woolen,wooden114.4.表示副词后缀的有：表示副词后缀的有：-ly-ly 如：如：excitedly,finally,slowly,excitedly,finally,slowly,surprisingly surprisingly 12 1.1.Is it difficult for you to gIs it diffi

10、cult for you to get up in the morning?Do yoet up in the morning?Do you sometimes oversleep?u sometimes oversleep?睡过头睡过头13 2.Reading can _ y 2.Reading can _ your life.(rich)our life.(rich)enrichenrich14二、合成法二、合成法 把两个或两个以上独立的把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。用这种方词合成一个新词。用这种方法可以合成名词、形容词、法可以合成名词、形容词、代词、副词和动词等等。代词、副词和动

11、词等等。15 waiting-roomwaiting-room kind-heartedkind-hearted anyoneanyone upstairsupstairs overweightoverweight16 For them,playing well and wiFor them,playing well and winning are often life-and-death anning are often life-and-death affairs.ffairs.生死攸关的生死攸关的17三、转化法三、转化法由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。Ne

12、ver Never troubletrouble trouble until trouble until trouble trouble troubles you.troubles you.不要自找麻烦，除非麻烦来找你。不要自找麻烦，除非麻烦来找你。18hand n./v.hand n./v.look v./n.look v./n.empty adj./v.empty adj./v.gold n./adj.gold n./adj.before prep./conj.before prep./conj.19四、缩略法四、缩略法 DV Digital VideoDV Digital VideoSO

13、SSOSSave Our ShipSave Our ShipVIPVIPVery Important PersonVery Important Person20练一练：练一练：一、指出下面划线单词的词类及一、指出下面划线单词的词类及意义。意义。1.Every morning we get 1.Every morning we get waterwater from the from the wellwell an and d waterwater the young plants the young plants wellwell.2.The lessons 2.The lessons las

14、tlast from one to three,and the from one to three,and the la last st lesson is English.lesson is English.213.I must 3.I must workwork hardhard so that I may finish the so that I may finish the hardhard workwork by August.by August.4.He wrote those words 4.He wrote those words slowlyslowly,“Drive,“Dr

15、ive sl slowow!”!”22二、用括号中所给单词的适当形二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。式填空。1.You must do the exercises _1.You must do the exercises _(care)._(care).carefullycarefully232.A business cant run well without g2.A business cant run well without good _(manage).ood _(manage).3.He was so _(kindness)3.He was so _(kindness)that h

16、e gave me many storybooks.that he gave me many storybooks.managementmanagementkindkind24三、选择划线部分中的单词的意三、选择划线部分中的单词的意义。义。（）1.Dont listen to his 1.Dont listen to his nonsensenonsense.A.foolish talk or meaningless words A.foolish talk or meaningless words B.beautiful words B.beautiful words C.clever ta

17、lk or meaningful words C.clever talk or meaningful wordsA A25()2.He()2.He misunderstoodmisunderstood me.me.A.understood rightly A.understood rightly B.understood wrongly B.understood wrongly C.didnt understand C.didnt understandB B26()3.He()3.He renamedrenamed the restaurant“Paradis the restaurant“Paradise”.e”.A.called A.called B.named after B.named after C.gave a new name C.gave a new nameC C27