高考英语语法考点突破考点词类转换课件.ppt

1、考点考点8:词类转换词类转换真题再练真题再练1.(2019年全国年全国卷卷62)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _(poor)studied.修饰动词修饰动词studied作状语，应用副词，意作状语，应用副词，意为为“研究很少研究很少”，故填，故填poorly。poorly2.(2019年全国年全国卷卷66)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increas

2、es in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a _(believe)that populations are increasing.由前面的不定冠词提示我们，空格处应由前面的不定冠词提示我们，空格处应填名词，故填填名词，故填belief。belief3.(2019年全国年全国卷卷63)Her years of hard work have _(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Yea

3、r.修饰动词修饰动词have been acknowledged，应用副词，故，应用副词，故填填finally。4.(2019年全国年全国卷卷70)But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.Its _(wonder).在系动词在系动词is后作表语应用形容词，故填后作表语应用形容词，故填wonderful。wonderfulfinally5.(2019年全国年全国卷卷66)When they were free from work,they invited us to loca

4、l events and let us know of an interesting _(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.由空格前的不定冠词由空格前的不定冠词an及形容词及形容词interesting可可知，空格处应该填名词，故填知，空格处应该填名词，故填competition。competition6.(2019年全国年全国卷卷67&68)They also shared with us many _(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were _(huge)popular with

5、tourists.修饰名词修饰名词stories应用形容词，故填应用形容词，故填traditional；修饰形容词修饰形容词popular应用副词，故填应用副词，故填hugely。traditionalhugely7.(2018年全国年全国卷卷68)To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to _(strength)your leg muscles(肌肌肉肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.表示目的的不定式，表示目的的不定式，“to+动词原形动词原形”。8.(201

6、8年全国年全国卷卷69)Running is cheap,easy and its always _(energy).作表语要用形容词，表示作表语要用形容词，表示“精力旺盛的，充满精力旺盛的，充满活力的活力的”。strengthenenergetic9.(2018年全国年全国卷卷63)A taste for meat is _(actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.修饰动词修饰动词is作状语，用副词。作状语，用副词。10.(2018年全国年全

7、国卷卷66)This switch has decreased _(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.作动词作动词decreased的宾语的宾语,用名词用名词,故填故填pollution。pollutionactually11.(2018年全国年全国卷卷67)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total _(globe)fertilizer con

8、sumption.在名词短语在名词短语fertilizer consumption前作定前作定语要用形容词，意为语要用形容词，意为“全球的化肥消耗量全球的化肥消耗量”。global12.(2018年全国年全国卷卷66)My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a _(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.根据句意及空格前的根据句意及空格前的a可知，此处填名词，可知，此处填名词，表示表示“科学家科学家”，故填，故填scientist。scientist13.(2017全国全国卷卷69)However,be _(car

9、e)not to go to extremes.作表语要用形容词，意为作表语要用形容词，意为“小心小心”别走极端。别走极端。14.(2017全国全国卷卷66)and it must have been _(fair)unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.修饰形容词修饰形容词unpleasant，表示，表示“相当地相当地”,用副用副词词fairly。carefulfairlyIn most countries,it is _(polite)to ask about other peoples income.But f

10、or tourists like me,pandas are its top _(attract).statistics _gentle_;修饰谓语动词用副词，表示“经常地”。由because从句可知，主句意思应是“狼在几年前就差不多消失了”，要用disappear；Just as the old saying goes,_(honest)is the best policy.+ness n.Burma(缅甸)_;People in China dont like hugging each other when meeting,which is a common practice in som

11、e _(Europe)countries.care_;agriculturalcuriosity_;length lengthen _；The best speed _(eat)train their stomachs to expand.Honours were _(automatic)awarded to senior officials just because they were senior.语要用形容词，意为“全球的化肥消耗量”。15.(2017全国全国卷卷69)This development was only possible with the _(introduce)of e

12、lectric-powered engines and lifts.作介词的宾语要用名词或者在冠词作介词的宾语要用名词或者在冠词the后要用后要用名词，表示名词，表示“采用，引入采用，引入”，故填，故填 introduction。introduction16.(2017全国全国卷卷70)The Central London Railway was one of the most _(success)of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.因因the most successful为形容词的最高级。为形容词的最高级。successful17.(2017

13、全国全国卷卷66)She is determined to carry on with her _(educate).作介词的宾语或在形容词性物主代词后，要作介词的宾语或在形容词性物主代词后，要用名词。用名词。18.(2017全国全国卷卷70)It is _(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.修饰动词修饰动词is用副词，意为：这用副词，意为：这“当然是当然是”有有趣的事。趣的事。educationcertainly19.(2016全国全国卷卷61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asi

14、as biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top _(attract).在在“形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词(its)+形容词形容词(top)”后应填名词，后应填名词，attraction指指“吸引人的事吸引人的事物物”。attraction 20.(2016全国全国卷卷63)From tomorrow,I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be _(official)given to me at a ceremony i

15、n London.修饰动词用副词，表示修饰动词用副词，表示“正式地正式地”。officially21.(2016全国全国卷卷62)Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _(achieve).在介词后作宾语要用名词，表示在介词后作宾语要用名词，表示“成就成就”。achievement22.(2016全国全国卷卷66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _(gradual)turned into chopst

16、icks.修饰动词修饰动词turned用副词，表示用副词，表示“逐渐地逐渐地”。gradually24.(2016全国全国卷卷68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius influenced the _(develop)of chopsticks.在冠词在冠词the与介词与介词of之间，应填名词，表示之间，应填名词，表示“筷筷子的发展子的发展”。development23.(2016全国全国卷卷67)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at wor

17、k if we take short breaks _(regular).修饰谓语动词用副词，表示修饰谓语动词用副词，表示“经常地经常地”。regularly25.(2015卷卷I69)And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it _(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and

18、Hong Kong.regularly修饰动词修饰动词arranges作状语，用副词。作状语，用副词。思路点拨思路点拨 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下五点顺利解决：下五点顺利解决：1.作主语或宾语用名词形式。如真题再练作主语或宾语用名词形式。如真题再练第第2、5、10、15、17、21、24题。题。2.在形容词性物主代词、冠词在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词形容词)、不定、不定代词代词(some,any,a lot of等等)、介词后还没有名词、介词后还没有名词时，就

19、用名词形式。如真题再练第时，就用名词形式。如真题再练第2、5、12、15、17、21、24题。题。3.作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式。作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式。如真题再练第如真题再练第4、6、8、11、13、16题。题。4.作状语作状语,修饰动词、形容词或另一副词修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,或或放在句首修饰全句放在句首修饰全句,用副词。如真题再练用副词。如真题再练第第1、3、6、9、14、18、20、22、23、25题。题。5.当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只加上改变词同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只加上改变词义但不

20、改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。如：较级或最高级。如：In Alaska,the wolf almost _(appear)a few years ago,because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.解析：解析：主句缺谓语主句缺谓语,应填动词，而应填动词，而appear本身就是动词，无需作词性变化，可考虑本身就是动词，无需作词性变化，可考虑变词义；由变词义；由because从句可知，主句意思从句可知，主句意思应是应是“狼在几年前就差不多消失了狼在几年前就差不多消失了”，要

21、，要用用disappear；再由；再由a few years ago可知，可知，要用一般过去时，故填要用一般过去时，故填disappeared。disappeared注意：注意：解题时，既要根据句子结构需要解题时，既要根据句子结构需要确定词类，又要考虑句意连贯或逻辑通确定词类，又要考虑句意连贯或逻辑通顺。如：顺。如：He failed his maths examination because of his _(care)work.解析解析：在名词前作定语，要用形容词；在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由由failed可知，要填表示否定意义的可知，要填表示否定意义的“careless”(粗心大意的粗

22、心大意的)，意义才通顺。，意义才通顺。careless考点归纳考点归纳 考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。识非常重要。从近五年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转从近五年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换主要考查了以下换主要考查了以下5点：点：1.形容词形容词副词。如真题再练的第副词。如真题再练的第1、3、6、9、14、20、22、23、25九个小题。九个小题。2.名词名词形容词。如真题再练的第形容词。如真题再练的第4、6、8、11、13、16题。题。3.动词动词名词。如真题再练的第名词。如真

23、题再练的第2、5、10、15、17、19、21、24题。题。4.名词名词动词。如真题再练的第动词。如真题再练的第7题。题。5.名词名词名词名词(人人)。如真题再练的第。如真题再练的第12题。题。现将主要考点归纳如下：现将主要考点归纳如下：规律规律总结总结请写出下列形容词的副词形式请写出下列形容词的副词形式1 一般直一般直接加接加lyquick_；rude _；wide _；real _；fair _;certain _;careful _;final _;polite _;high _;official _;regular _;actual _;slow _;sudden _quicklyru

24、delyreallywidelycarefullyfinallyfairlycertainlypolitelyhighlyofficiallyregularlyactuallyslowlysuddenly1.形容词形容词副词副词(高频考点高频考点)规律规律总结总结请写出下列形容词的副词形式请写出下列形容词的副词形式2辅音字辅音字母母+y ilyeasy_;angry_;happy_;heavy_;steady _；busy _;lucky_;但但shy_easilyangrilyhappilyheavilybusilyshylyluckilysteadily规律规律总结总结请写出下列形容词的副

25、词形式请写出下列形容词的副词形式3-ble-bly,-tle-tly,-ple-plypossible_；probable_；terrible_；noble_;comfortable_;reliable_；gentle_;ample_;simple_possiblyprobablyterriblynoblycomfortablyreliablygentlyamplysimply规律总结规律总结请写出下列形容词的副词形式请写出下列形容词的副词形式4(个别个别)去去e加加lytrue _；due _ whole_5 以以-ic结尾结尾加加ally basic_;classic_;magic_;op

26、timistic_;scientific _;energetic_;但但public _basicallyclassicallymagicallyoptimisticallyscientificallypubliclywhollytrulyduly(按时地按时地)energetically 规律总结规律总结请写出下列形容词的副词请写出下列形容词的副词形式形式6 以以-ll结尾加结尾加yfull_；dull_fully(完全地完全地)dully(迟钝地迟钝地)规律总规律总结结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式词的名词形式1+al/去去e,+al musi

27、c musical;person_;nation_;tradition _;centre_;practice_globe _;origin_2-ture-turalnature natural;culture_;agriculture_;architecture_ architectural personalnationalcentralpracticalculturalagriculturaltraditionalglobaloriginal2.名词与形容词的转换名词与形容词的转换规律规律总结总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式词的名词形式3-ic

28、s-icalpolitics political;physics_;mathematics_;statistics _4+erneast eastern;west_;south_;north_;southwest_physicalmathematicalstatisticalwesternsouthwesternnorthernsouthern规律规律总结总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式词的名词形式5+ibleaccess accessible;注意注意horror_;terror_6+fulsuccess successful;care_;po

29、wer_;peace_;fruit _;注意注意mercy_;beauty_horribleterriblemercifulpeacefulbeautifulpowerfulcarefulfruitful规律规律总结总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式形容词的名词形式7+ish fool foolish;self_;child_8+ousdanger dangerous;humor_注意注意anxiety_;ambition_;curiosity_;selfishchildishanxiousambitiouscurioushumorous规律总规律总结

30、结请写出下列名词的形容词形请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式式或形容词的名词形式9-ance-antimportance important;significance_;distance _ 10-ence-entabsence absent;silence_;difference_;convenience_；patience _significantdistantsilentdifferentconvenientpatient规律总结规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式或形容词的名词形式11-ency-entfluency fluent;e

31、fficiency_;emergency_;urgency_12+lyfriend friendly;time _;man _;mother _；注意注意day _efficientemergenturgentdailytimelymanlymotherly规律总结规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式或形容词的名词形式13-ble-bilityable ability;responsible_;possible_;flexible_14+y;去去e，+y;双写，双写，+yhealth healthy;sleep_;difficult_;noise_;s

32、un_;fog_;ice_;greed_;wealth_responsibilitypossibilityflexibilitysleepydifficultynoisysunnywealthyfoggyicygreedy规律总结规律总结 请写出下列名词的形容词形式或请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式形容词的名词形式15 adj.+ness n.weak weakness;kind_;ill_;sad_;注意注意happy_16 adj.+th n.warm_;注意注意strong strength;long_;wide_;true_kindnesssadnesshappinessl

33、engthwidthwarmthtruthillness规律规律总结总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式词的名词形式17-ate-acyaccurate_;private_;adequate_18 其他其他free freedom;wise_;cruel_;safe_;tire_;trouble_;history_;science_;brave_;short_privacyadequacytroublesomecrueltysafetytiresomehistoric(al)scientificbraveryshortagewisdomaccurac

34、y规律总结规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式请写出下列动词的名词形式 1+ationexpect expectation;present_;注意注意explain_2去去e，+ationinvite invitation;examine_;prepare_;注意注意pronounce_presentationexplanationexaminationpreparationpronunciation3.动词动词名词名词规律总结规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式请写出下列动词的名词形式 3去去e，+tionproduce production;introduce _；注意注意describe _4去

35、去e，+iondevote devotion;pollute _;contribute _;revise _educate _；introductiondescriptionpollutioncontributionrevisioneducation 规律总结规律总结 请写出下列动词的名词形式请写出下列动词的名词形式 5+ionact action;attract_;protect_;suggest_；注意注意intend_discuss discussion;express_;possess_;impress _attractionprotectionsuggestionintentione

36、xpressionpossessionimpression规律总结规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式请写出下列动词的名词形式 6去去t/d/de，+(s)sionadmit admission;permit_;extend_;conclude_;divide_7+ance；去；去e，+anceappear appearance;perform_;acquaint_;guide_permissionextensionconclusiondivisionperformanceacquaintanceguidance规律总结规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式请写出下列动词的名词形式 8+enceexis

37、t existence;prefer_;refer_;differ_;depend_9+mentachieve achievement;agree _;announce_;develop_;encourage_encouragement developmentagreementdependencedifferencereferencepreferenceannouncement规律总结规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式请写出下列动词的名词形式 10去去e，+alarrive arrival;approve _;survive _;refuse _11+ure/turefail failure;p

38、ress_;depart _;mix _approvalsurvivalrefusalpressuredeparturemixture规律总结规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式请写出下列动词的名词形式 12+yrecover recovery;discover_13 其他其他choose choice;vary_;tend_;advise_;apologize_;classify_;grow_discoveryvarietyclassificationadviceapologygrowthtendency1后缀后缀-en strength strengthen _；length lengthen

39、 _；height heighten _soft soften _；weak weaken _；wide widen _；less lessen _short shorten _；broad broaden _；quick quicken _4.名词名词/形容词形容词动词动词(写出动词的汉语意思写出动词的汉语意思)加快加快 加强加强延长延长提高提高软化软化削弱削弱加宽加宽减少减少使变短使变短使变宽使变宽2前缀前缀en-able enable _；large enlarge _；rich enrich _courage encourage _；danger endanger _；compass

40、encompass _包围包围 使能够使能够扩大扩大使富有使富有鼓励鼓励危及危及规律总规律总结结请写出下列动词的形容词形请写出下列动词的形容词形式，或形容词的动词形式式，或形容词的动词形式5adj.+env.deep deepen;wide _;less_;worse_6 en+adj.v.large enlarge;rich_;able_;noble_widenlessenworsenenrichenableennoble规律总结规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词请写出下列表示人的名词 1+er/rsing singer;teach_;strange_;village_;employ_2+or

41、act actor;invent _;educate_;visit_;conduct_teacherstrangervillageremployerinventoreducatorvisitorconductor5.5.动词动词/名词名词表示人的名词表示人的名词规律总结规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词请写出下列表示人的名词3+eeemploy employee;interview _;pay_;absent_4+(r)essact actress;wait_;host_;steward_;注意注意god_intervieweepayeeabsenteewaitresshostessstewar

42、dessgoddess规律总结规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词请写出下列表示人的名词5+eseJapan _;Vietnam_注意注意China _;Burma(缅甸缅甸)_;6+nAsia Asian;America_;Australia_;India_;Korea_JapaneseBurmeseVietnameseAmericanAustralianIndianKoreanChinese规律总结规律总结 请写出下列表示人的名词请写出下列表示人的名词7(去去y或或s)+ianmusic musician;history_;library_;physics_;politics_8+istart

43、 artist;novel _;tour_;注意注意cycle_;science_historianlibrarianphysicianpoliticiannovelisttouristcyclistscientist规律总结规律总结请写出下列表示人的名词请写出下列表示人的名词9+antassist assistant;account _;consult _;注意注意apply _;serve _10+arlie liar;beg_(注意拼写注意拼写)beggaraccountantconsultantapplicantservant6.动词与形容词的转换动词与形容词的转换规律规律总结总结请写

44、出下列动词的形容词形式或形请写出下列动词的形容词形式或形容词的动词形式容词的动词形式1+ablesuit suitable;comfort_;reason_;注意注意admire_;rely_;2+fuldoubt doubtful;harm_;hope_;care_;use_admirablereliablecomfortablereasonableharmfulhopefulcarefuluseful规律规律总结总结请写出下列动词的形容词形式或请写出下列动词的形容词形式或形容词的动词形式形容词的动词形式3+iveact active;attract_;impress_;create_4+a

45、ryimagine _imaginaryattractiveimpressivecreative规律总规律总结结请写出下列动词的形容词形请写出下列动词的形容词形式，或形容词的动词形式式，或形容词的动词形式5adj.+en/nv.deep deepen;wide _;less_;worse_6 en+adj.v.large enlarge;rich_;able_;noble_widenlessenworsenenrichenableennoble规律规律总结总结请写出与下列单词意义相反或请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语相否定的词语1 dis+advantage disadvantage;a

46、gree _;appear_;disagreedisappear7.表示否定的前缀与后缀表示否定的前缀与后缀规律规律总结总结请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语定的词语2il/im/in+legal illegal;polite _;patient_;convenient_3mis+understand misunderstand;lead_;direct_;trust_impoliteimpatientinconvenientmisleadmisdirectmistrust规律规律总结总结请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语定的

47、词语4un+able unable;fair_;fit _;fortunate_;usual_5+lesshope hopeless;end_;stain_;taste_;use_unfairunfitunfortunateunusualendlessstainlesstastelessuseless1.“No,sir.You must also start preparing for the winter if you want to have enough to eat,”the ant said _(serious).修饰动词修饰动词said作状语，用副词。作状语，用副词。serious

48、ly考点练透考点练透2.Brazilian officials_(sincere)hope hosting the games will improve life in Brazil.修饰动词修饰动词hope用副词，故填用副词，故填sincerely。3.It must take place in a _(care)controlled environment,under the guidance of your doctor.修饰动词的过去分词修饰动词的过去分词controlled，用副词。，用副词。carefullysincerely4.However,before I got on th

49、e bike,I felt _(extreme)nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off 修饰形容词修饰形容词nervous，用副词。，用副词。extremely5.You can imagine how _(terrible)shy I was with so many eyes fixed upon me.修饰形容词修饰形容词shy作状语，要用副词。作状语，要用副词。terribly6._(obvious),a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.作状语

50、，修饰整个句子，用副词，故填作状语，修饰整个句子，用副词，故填Obviously。Obviously7.If you always go to bed and get up at about the same time,this will set a _(health)rhythm in your life.在名词前作定语要用形容词，故填在名词前作定语要用形容词，故填healthy。8.My classmates attended _(vary)events such as running,high jump and long jump.在名词前作定语要用形容词。在名词前作定语要用形容词。he