语法专题-句型-中考动词及句式总复习.doc

1、 中考动词及句式总复习 【同步教育信息同步教育信息】 一. 本周教学内容： 寒假专题动词及句式 动词种类：动词种类： 谓语动词： 系动词（be, look, feel, get, become） ，助动词(be, do, have, will) 情态动词(can, may, must, would, should)，行为动词 非谓语动词：分词，不定式，动名词 时态：时态： 一般现在（第三人称单数） 现在进行（现在分词） 完成进行 一般过去（过去式） 过去进行（现在分词） 过去完成 一般将来 现在完成（过去分词） 过去将来 （陈述性时态） （描述性时态） 语态语态： 主动 被动（一般现在，一般将

2、来，一般过去） 语气：语气： 陈述 虚拟 主谓一致主谓一致：语法一致（单复数） 意义一致 His family is a large one. His family are all teachers. 就近一致 (neithernor, eitheror, not onlybut also, or, there be) One or two students are coming this evening. 句法：句法： 基本句型 主谓 主系表 主谓宾 主谓双宾 主谓复宾 There be 句子种类 陈述 疑问 一般，特殊，选择，反意 祈使 感叹 句子结构 简单 并列 and, but, or

3、, so 复合 状语从句（when，if） ，宾语从句，定语从句（that, who, where） 谓语动词：谓语动词： 1. 行为动词 （1）vt. 必须跟宾语，语法意义才完整 有主被动语态，但在下列特殊句型中 vt. 后不能跟宾语 have to do 有要干 give to do 给干 Its + adj. + to do （2）vi. 不能直接跟宾语，只有主动语态，若要及物必须跟上相应 prep. （3）vt. & vi. open, close, burn, sing, study, sell, read, write, clean, keep, act, wash, feel 2

4、. 系动词 系 adj. adv. n. prep. 从句，不定式，分词 （1） 常见系动词： be, become, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, turn, keep, get, look like, （2）固定搭配：keep silent, keep quiet, go bad, fall in/asleep, get+adj.，turnadj. （3）系动词通常没被动，少数有进行时 be feeling, be getting 3. 延续性 v. 与终止性 v. （1）终止性 v. 表延续的转换 换时态： v. + ago 换词 ： ar

5、rive / get to / reach-be here / there end-be over get back / return-be back borrow-keep buy-have go-be there come-be here （2）终止性动词的进行时表将要或反复不断的动作 He is jumping over there. 他在那边反复跳。 （3）延续性动词与具体时刻的状语连用时用进行时 We were waiting for you at 3 yesterday afternoon. （4）while 引出的时间状语从句中的 v. 必须用延续性动词，多为进行时。 （5）终止

6、性动词否定until 直到才 延续性动词肯定until 一直干到为止 英语基本句式英语基本句式： 英语句子有五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。绝大 多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。 SV 主谓结构 SVF 主系表结构 SVO 主谓宾结构 SVO1O2 主谓双宾结构 SVOC 主谓宾补结构 说明：S主语；F谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语； C宾语补足语 五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1. SV 句式: 在此句式中，V 是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi. )。例如： He runs quickly. 他跑得快。 They listened carefu

7、lly. 他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger. 他挨冻受饿。 My ink has run out. 我的钢笔水用完了。 2. SVF 句式: 在此句式中，V 是系动词(link v. )，常见的系动词有：look，seem， appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn 等。例如： He seen interested in the book. 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting.

8、 这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard. 书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice. 饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice. 花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before. 你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 他长大后当了教师。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成 SVO 句式，例如： He looked me up and down.

9、他上下打量我。 They are tasting the fish. 他们在品尝鱼。 Please turn the sentence into English. 请把这个句子译成英语。 3. S 十 V 十 O 句式: 在此句式中，V 是及物动词(vt.)，因此有宾语。例如： I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗? They found their home easily. 他们很容易找到他们的家。 They built a house last year. 他们去年建了一所房子。 Theyv

10、e put up a factory in the village. 他们在村里建了一座工厂。 They have taken good care of the children. 这些孩子他们照看得很好。 4. SVO1O2 句式: 在此句式中，V 是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾 语的动词有 give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get，rob，warn 等。例如： He gave me a book/a book to me. 他给我一本书。 He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 他带给我一枝钢

11、笔。 He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 他把座位让给我。 注意下边动词改写后介词的变化： Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 妈妈给我买了一本书。 He got me a chair/a chair for me. 他给我弄了一把椅子。 Please do me a favor/a favor for me. 请帮我一下。 5. SVOC 句式: 在此句式中，V 是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语 的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词

12、可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词 的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 They made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。 They found her happy that day. 他们发现那天她很高兴。 They named the boy Charlie. 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 I saw him come in and go out. 我见他进来又出去。 They felt the car moving fast. 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 I heard the glass broken just now. 我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 【模拟试题模拟

13、试题】 （答题时间：45 分钟） 一. 选择填空： 1. She came here _. A. since a month ago B. for a month C. a month ago D. next month 2. They got here _. A. a moment ago B. for a moment C. since a moment ago D. sometimes 3. My father has lived here _ . A. for three years B. since three years C. for three years ago D. thre

14、e years ago 4. Lucy and Lily _ in Beijing for nearly two years. A. are B. were C. will be D. have been 5. My uncle _ since he left school. A. smoked B. was smoking C. has smoked D. had smoked 6. They _ 100,000 trees by the end of 1994. A. planted B. has planted C. have planted D. had planted 7. By t

15、he time Dave got up , his mother _ breakfast. A. has cooked B. had cooked C. cooked D. have cooked 8. He said that he _ never _ such a beautiful picture before. A. hasseen B. had .seen C. have seen D. was seeing 9. My sister _ for three years before she went to college. A. had worked B. worked C. ha

16、s worked D. have worked 10. Look! They _ their classroom. A. clean B. are cleaning C. cleaned D. was cleaning 二. 根据对话，用所给动词的适当形式填空： A: Wheres Kate? B: She_1_ (go) to London. A: When _2_ she _3_(leave)? B: She _4_(leave)early this morning. A: How _5_ she _6_ (go) there? B: She _7_ (go) there by plane

17、 . A: When _8_she _9_ (come) back ? B: Sorry, I dont know. Perhaps she _10_(get) back in a month. 三. 阅读短文并用所给动词的适当形式填空： Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and _(begin) a new service. The “taxi” is a small Swiss aero phane called a “Pilatus Porter”. This wonderful plane can carry seven pa

18、ssengers. Captain Fawcetts first passenger_(be) a doctor who _ (fly) from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett _ (fly) passengers to many unusual places. Once he _ (land) on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he _(land) in a deserted c

19、ar park. Captain Fawcett _just _(refuse) a strange request from a business man. The man _ (want) to fly to Rockall, but Captain Fawcett _ (not take) him because the trip _ (be) too dangerous. 四. 阅读理解: (A) Can You Make Short Phone Calls？ Phones are very useful to us, and we cant work without them. Bu

20、t phones also bring troubles. For example, a friend wants to tell you his or her latest health problem on the phone. You are very busy, so you have to cut your friend off. What will you say? When you answer a call, dont ask questions like “How are things?” because these questions will make them thin

21、k that you have time to talk longer. After “hello,” get right to the heart of the matter you want to say. When you make a call, you should call at the right time. If you call right before lunch or dinner, or at the end of the work day, people will not talk too much. When you call someone and do not

22、want to talk longer, you may start with, “Hi, Ive only got a few minutes, but I want to talk to you about ” or, “Id like to talk more, but I only have a few minutes before I have to go.” If you dont want to spend time talking to someone, you must say, “Id like to talk to you longer, but I must say G

23、oodbye.” Dont wait for the answer. If someone does not stop talking and you have to leave, you can ask someone in your home to help you. For example, you signal to your father, and your father says loudly, “Mary, I think the bread is burning!” ( ) 1. When you want to make a short phone call, you sho

24、uld say: _ and then go right to the matter. A. How are things? B. Whats new? C. How are you doing? D. I only have three minutes before I have to leave. ( ) 2. When you want to stop talking, you can say: _ A. I have to go now. Goodbye. B. Im glad to talk to you. What can I do for you? C. So, what els

25、e is new? D. Hi. How are things? ( ) 3. If someone does not stop talking and you have to leave, you can _ A. ask someone in your home to help you. B. shout to him loudly. C. cry loudly. D. Throw the phone to the floor. (B) How to Use an ATM Pat Brown went to her bank to ask for an ATM card. It looks

26、 like a credit card. A few weeks later, the bank posted her a card and a four-number personal identification number (PIN). Her PIN is 1234. As Pat was getting ready for bed one night, she remembered that she had $2 in her bag. The next day she had to give $10 for a lunch for a co-worker. She didnt w

27、ant to get up early to go to the bank. So she had to go to the bank at night. She used her ATM card to withdraw (take out) $50 from her checking account (现金帐户). These are the steps she followed to withdraw money. First, she put her card in the lower slot (狭孔) on the right side of the machine. She ma

28、de sure her card was facing the right way. Second, the computer screen said, “Please enter (put in) your PIN.” Pat pressed (按) the number 1,2,3, and 4. next, the screen said, “Please select type of transaction (交易) you want by press other keys.” Pat pressed the bottom key for withdrawing money. Then

29、 the screen said, “From which account?” The choices it gave were Checking, Savings, and Money Market. Pat pressed the key for checking. Next, the screen said, “Please choose amount of transaction.” Pat pushed the number 5 and then 0 three times, until the screen read, “50.00”. The screen then read,

30、“Please wait”. In less than a minute, it read, “Please put up the lid and take your money.” Pat lifts the lid marked Withdraw. She counted her $50 to make sure the ATM hadnt made a mistake. Then she waited for her withdraw slip to come out of the slot at the upper right corner of the machine. Pat ch

31、ecked the slip to make sure it was correct. Then her ATM card was returned through the card slot. She put it in her bag and walked away. If Pat had made a mistake at any point by pressing the wrong button, she could have pressed Cancel and started over again. What you should do What computer should

32、say Put her card in the lower slot. Enter (put in) your PIN 1. _ 2. _ Press the bottom key for withdrawing money Select type of account 3. _ Choose amount of transaction Push the number you want Put up the lid and take your money Lift the lid marked Withdraw 4. _ Wait for her withdraw slip to come o

33、ut of the slot Check the slip to make sure it was correct Return through the card slot 【试题答案】【试题答案】 一. CAADC, CBBAB 二. 1. has gone 2. did 3. leave 4. left 5. did 6. go 7. went 8. will 9. come 10. will get 三. begun, was, flew, has flown, landed, landed, has, refused, wanted, didnt take, was 四. (A) D

34、A A (B) 1. Press the PIN numbers 2. Select type of transaction you want 3. Press the key for checking 4. Count her money 【励志故事】【励志故事】 当机不断的教训当机不断的教训 华裔电脑名人王安博士，声称影响他一生的最大的教训，发生在他六岁之时。 有一天，王安外出玩耍。路经一棵大树的时候，突然有什么东西掉在他的头上。他 伸手一抓，原来是个鸟巢。他怕鸟粪弄脏了衣服，于是赶紧用手拨开。鸟巢掉在了地上， 从里面滚出了一只嗷嗷待哺的小麻雀。他很喜欢它，决定把它带回去喂养，于是连鸟巢 一起带回了家。 王安回到家，走到门口，忽然想起妈妈不允许他在家里养小动物。所以，他轻轻地 把小麻雀放在门后，匆忙走进室内，请求妈妈的允许。在他的苦苦哀求下，妈妈破例答 应了儿子的请求。王安兴奋地跑到门后，不料，小麻雀已经不见了。一只黑猫正在那里 意犹未尽地擦试着嘴巴。王安为此伤心了好久。 这件事给了王安终身有益的教训， 他由此得出一个结论： 只要是自己认为对的事情， 绝不可优柔寡断，必须马上付诸行动。不能做决定的人，固然没有做错事的机会，但也 失去了成功的机运。