高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构课件.pptx

1、 vThats the opportunity an education can provide.vWhat you are learning in school today will determine whether we,as a nation,can meet our greatest challenges in the future.Whats your feelings about his speech?Sentence Constituents&Sentence Patterns英语句子成分和基本句型英语句子成分和基本句型 Walls have ears.He will take

2、 you to the hospital.1）主语（主语（subject）：）：句子所要说明句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，可由或描述的人或事物，可由名词、代词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等表示。等表示。2）宾语）宾语(object)表示动作的对象或承受表示动作的对象或承受者，宾语一般放在者，宾语一般放在动词或动词短语动词或动词短语之后，之后，介词介词后也会跟宾语。后也会跟宾语。I like English.I enjoy working with you.The picture is on the wall.The weather has beco

3、me cold.3）表语）表语(predicative):说明主语的身说明主语的身份、特征和状态，一般位于份、特征和状态，一般位于系动词系动词（如（如be,become,get,look,seem等）之等）之后。后。高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)4）定语）定语(attribute)：对对名词名词或代词进或代词进行修饰、限制或说明行修饰、限制或说明 China is a developing country.I have nothing to eat.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复

4、习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)5）状语）状语(adverbial):用来修饰用来修饰动词、形动词、形容词、副词或句子容词、副词或句子，表示表示地点、时间、地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况情况等。等。The best fish swim near the bottom.I left the village five years ago.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)6）宾语补足语）宾语补足语(object complement)英英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾

5、语之外，语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意使句子的意义完整义完整。We try to make our country strong.We found everything in good order there.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)7）同位语（）同位语（appositive）两个语法单两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，且语法功能一位指同一个人或事物，且语法功能一样，则后一项为前一项的同位语。样，则后一项为前一项的同位语。We four must go

6、now.This is your English teacher,Ms.Zhang.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)8）谓语）谓语(predicate)：表示主语的身份、表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由性质、状态和特征，一般由动词或动动词或动词短语词短语担任，担任，助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词加其加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Action speaks louder than words.Mary has been working at the dress shop si

7、nce 1994.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)类别类别特点特点意义意义举例举例实义动词实义动词(vt.vi.)及物动词跟宾语及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思完整的意思I have a book.She watched the boxing match on TV last night.不及物动词不能直不及物动词不能直接接宾语接接宾语能独立作谓语能独立作谓语She always comes late.The experiment failed.系动词系动词(link-v)跟表语跟表语不

8、能独立做谓语，跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思构成完整意思.常见的有：常见的有：be,look,get,become,turn I am a student.Mark was a poor worker.The twins look the same.助动词助动词(aux.v.)跟动词原形或分词跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态否定及各种时态.常见的有：常见的有：be、have、do、will、shall等等He doesnt speak Chinese.(否定否定)I

9、am watching TV.（进行式）（进行式）Why do you need friends?I have never heard of it before.情态动词情态动词(mod.v.)跟动词原形（有自跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语。表示说不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称话人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化。常见的有：和数的变化。常见的有：can/could/may/might/must/need/have to/ought to/will/would/shall/shouldWe can do it by ourselves.That would

10、be better.The work must be finished as soon as possible.A situation like this may occur from time to time.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)Exercise：Analyse the sentence constituents of the underlined part.1.The price is going down a bit in the car market abroad.2.To swim across

11、the Channel is a wonderful experience.3.How long did the Civil war last?4.The dying is taken good care of in this hospital.5.The man was found dead the next day.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)主语主语+谓语（谓语（Vi.）主语主语+谓语（谓语（Vt.）+宾语宾语主语主语+系动词（系动词（LV）+表语表语主语主语+谓语（谓语（Vt.）+双宾语双宾语主语主语+谓语

12、（谓语（Vt.）+宾语宾语+宾补宾补简单句(simple sentence)Tip:Youd better find out the verb in a sentence first if you want to understand its pattern.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)1主语主语+谓语（谓语（S+Vi）1）Everything changes.2）The plane has already arrived.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(

13、共36张PPT)(S+Vi)扩展和修饰扩展和修饰vThe boy spoke to his teacher.vThe little boy spoke loudly to his teacher.vThe little boy named Tom spoke to his math teacher in a loud voice.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)1.1.她昨天她昨天回家回家很晚。很晚。2.2.事故是昨天下午事故是昨天下午发生发生的。的。2.2.会议将会议将持续持续两个小时。两个小时。Practice:S

14、he went home very late yesterday.The accident happened yesterday afternoon.The meeting will last two hours.2主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 （S+Vt+O）1)My brother takes care of the garden.2)He forgot to close the door.（S+Vt+O）扩展和修饰扩展和修饰vI forgot to mail the letter yesterday.vUnluckily,I forgot to mail the letter yeste

15、rday.vUnluckily,I forgot to mail the letter yesterday,which disappointed my mum so much.1昨晚我昨晚我写写了一封信。了一封信。2今天下午我今天下午我想想同你谈谈。同你谈谈。3那位先生那位先生能能流利地流利地说说三种语言。三种语言。Practice:I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.1）She looks you

16、ng.2）The city will become rich.3主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 （S+LV+P）在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：v “状态状态”类：类：_v “变化变化”类：类：_v “感官感官”类：类：_v “持续持续”类：类：_ v 其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_beget/become/turn/grow/gotaste/smell/feel/look/soundstay/keep/remain/continueseem/appear1.1.他他似乎似乎很开心。很开心。1.1.孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。2.2.这个报告这个报告听

17、起来听起来很有意思。很有意思。Practice:He seems very happy.The children seldom keep quiet.The report sounds interesting.4主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语（S+Vt+IO+DO）1)The man told the girl that he wants to go now.2)The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.Can you list some other verbs that can be followed by a double

18、object?1.1.奶奶昨晚给我们奶奶昨晚给我们讲讲了一个有趣的故事。了一个有趣的故事。2.2.请把那本字典请把那本字典递给递给我好吗？我好吗？3.3.他把车票他把车票给给列车员列车员看看。Practice:Grandma told me an interesting story last night.Would you please pass me the dictionary.He showed the conductor the ticket.5主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 （S+Vt+O+OC）1）We found him a very good student

19、.2）She let me stay in the company.Whats your idea?高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)若直接宾语是不定式、动名词或从句时，若直接宾语是不定式、动名词或从句时，常常用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡。即：语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡。即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.Ti

20、p 高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)2)We think having a dream important.1)My deskmate handed me a pen.4)I sent Tom a ticket.3)He kept me waiting for a long time.A:S+V+O+OB:S+V+O+OC句式分析ABBAHave a try Practice:高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)Writing persons,ex

21、periences,feelings,etc.My New School Life 高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)其他句子类型其他句子类型并列句(compound sentence)：eg.He worked hard,so he got scholarship at last.复合句(complex sentence)：eg.He asked what I wanted.He lived in a village which is far form the city.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张P

22、PT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分与句子结构(共36张PPT)Analyse the structure of the following sentences:1.This means I could get up an hour later than usual,as schools in china begin before 8 a.m.(M1U1 Reading)2.We also had different students in some classes,so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.(M

23、1U1 Reading)3.The experts are now fully convinced that the animal was a puma,but where had it come from?(L1,New Concept English)Analyse the structure of the following sentences:4.The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged may years ago and has been silent ever since.(L2,N

24、ew Concept English)5.When the archaeologist reconstructed the fragments,they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.(L3,New Concept English)Improve the following sentences:1.The air keeps the ballon up was escaping quickly and the ballon was coming up(down)

25、.(2006全国卷全国卷)2.That wont easy,I know,but we have to start anywhere(somewhere).(2012全国卷全国卷)3.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.（2013新课标新课标）4.A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop.(2015全国卷全国卷)5.When summer came(comes),they will invite the

26、ir students pick the vegetables.(2017新课标新课标)tellingtoldkeepkeepingeasybe easyHaveHavingpickto pickSummary Five basic sentence patterns?Sentence constituents?主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语状语、宾语补足语、同位语1)主语主语+谓语谓语2)主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语3)主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语4)主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语5)主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语Thinking:Whats the differences between English sentences and Chinese sentences?Homework 1.Review what you have learnt in this class.2.Polish up your short passage.