中考英语总复习-第28讲-介词和数词课件-外研版.ppt

1、英 语第一页，共48页。第28讲介词(jic)和数词第二页，共48页。介词【真题体验(tyn)】1Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened _C_ March in Fujiabian Modern Agricultural Park this year.(2014，南京)Aon Bat Cin Dto第三页，共48页。2I sometimes help my mom with her housework _C_ Saturdays.(2014，北京(bi jn)Aat Bin Con Dto3A ship from South Korea sank

2、into the sea _B_ April 16，2014.(2014，滨州)Ain Bon Cat Dfor4Some workers in that factory have to work _A_ night.(2014，嘉兴)Aat Bfor Cwith Damong第四页，共48页。【考点(ko din)梳理】中考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。学习重点应放在以下三点：1表时间、地点、方式等介词的用法；2介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用；3同义或近义介词辨析。第五页，共48页。高频考点一表时间的介词1at，in，on表示时间点用at，如：at six oclock，a

3、t noon，at midnight。表示在某个世纪、某年、某月、某个季节以及早晨、上午(shngw)、下午、晚上时用in，如：in May，in winter，in the morning，in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午(shngw)、下午、晚上时用on，如：on Monday，on July 1st，on Sunday morning等。第六页，共48页。2since，after由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始(kish)的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的

4、时段为过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。如：They have lived here since 1978.自从1978年起，他们就住在这儿。After five days the boy came back.五天后这个男孩回来了。第七页，共48页。3in，afterin与将来时态连用时，表示(biosh)“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示(biosh)一段时间的词语。对此提问用How soon。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示(biosh)时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示(biosh)一段时间的词语。如：He will be back in two month

5、s.他将在两个月后回来。He returned after a month.他一个月后回来了。第八页，共48页。4for，sincefor可以指过去、现在或将来，着重说明“多久”，后面接时间段。since意为“自从(zcng)起”，多与完成时连用，后面接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作，since引导从句时，主句的动作是持续性的。如：He has lived here for two weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。He has lived here since two weeks ago.他两周前就住这儿了。Its five ye

6、ars since he left school.他毕业五年了。第九页，共48页。【例1】What time do you usually go to school，Jack?_ C _ about half past seven.(2014，重庆(zhn qn)B)AOn BIn CAt DFor点拨：表示具体的时间点用at。【例2】It is believed that _ A _ December 21，1891，the first basketball game in history was played.(2014，菏泽)Aon Bin Cat Dby点拨：表示具体的某一天用on。第

7、十页，共48页。【例3】How long have you lived in the new flat?_ C _ 2010.(2013，扬州)AIn BAfter CSince DBefore点拨：表示“自从起”应用(yngyng)介词since，后常接时间点或从句。第十一页，共48页。高频(o pn)考点二表示地点和位置的介词1at，in，onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.昨天他到达上海。They arrived at a small village before d

8、ark.天黑前，他们到达了一个小村子。The teacher put up a picture on the wall.这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。第十二页，共48页。2over，above，onover，on和above都可表示“在上面(shng min)”，但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一个的上面(shng min)。如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。We flew above the clou

9、ds.我们在云层上飞行。They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他们放了一些花在老师桌子上。第十三页，共48页。3in，on，to从下图可以看出(kn ch)in表示“在某一范围之内，在中”；on表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤，即“毗邻；接壤”；to则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。如：Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia.It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲(y zhu)东部(范围内)，中国东面(不接壤)，东临太平洋(接壤)。第十四页，共48页。4

10、in front of，in the front ofin front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.这栋大楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师(losh)坐在教室前面。第十五页，共48页。5across，throughacross表示从物体(wt)表面通过，与on有关。through表示穿过一个空间，与in有关。如：T

11、he boy ran across the street.这个男孩跑过了街。They walked through the forest.他们穿过了森林。6below，underbelow“在下”，不一定在正下方。under“在正下方”。如：There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只小狗。Write your name below the line.在横线下方写下你的名字。第十六页，共48页。7between，amongbetween指两者之间。among指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如：There is a map between the door and t

12、he window.门和窗户之间有一张地图。He is sitting among the students.他坐在学生当中。【例4】When and where were you born?I was born _ C _ October 1st，1998 _ Nanjing.(2014，玉林，防城港)Aon；on Bin；in Con；in Din；on点拨：表示具体某一天(y tin)用介词on；表示“在南京”用介词in。第十七页，共48页。【例5】Mrs.King put a coat _ A _ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.(2013，安徽)

13、Aover Bwith Cbehind Dbeside点拨：由语境可知句意为“金太太把一件大衣盖在那个(n ge)睡觉的小女孩身上来为她保暖”。【例6】Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival(桃花节)?Yes.The flowers were beautiful.Bees were flying _ B _ them.(2013，东营)Ain Bamong Cbetween Dthrough点拨：由语境可知句意为“是的，那些花很漂亮。蜜蜂在它们中间飞来飞去”。第十八页，共48页。高频考点三表示方式的介词by，with，in，o

14、nby表示“以方式、方法或手段”；with表示“用工具”；in表示“用方式、语言、语调或颜色”等；on则一般指用网络、电脑、电视、电话等。如：He studies English by reading aloud every day.他通过每天大声朗读学英语。How amazing！The boy can write with his two hands at the same time.真神奇，这个男孩能用左右手同时写字。Can you spell it in English？你会用英语把它拼出来吗？【例7】You see，Kevin is writing _ D _ his left ha

15、nd.(2014，河北(h bi)Aat Bas Cfor Dwith点拨：句意为“你瞧，凯文正在用左手写字”。第十九页，共48页。【例8】When I got into the room，Sue was talking _ B _ the phone.Awith Bon Cto Din点拨：用电话在交谈，介词应用on。高频考点四介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握(zhngw)这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。第二十页，共48页。1动词介词arrive in/at到达ask for请求do well in在方面做得好give up放弃preferto 宁愿选择；更

16、喜欢regardas 把看做(kn zu)thanks to幸亏；由于think about考虑try on试穿(衣服，鞋等)laugh at嘲笑learn from向学习第二十一页，共48页。2介词名词(mng c)in time 及时on time 准时in front of 在前面at home 在家in English 用英语at night 在晚上with a smile 带着微笑at first 首先at last 最后on ones way to 在某人去的路上at the same time 同时by hand 用手，手工，亲手第二十二页，共48页。3介词与形容词、过去分词和动

17、词等搭配be born in 出生于be good at 擅长be made of 由制成be angry with sb.生某人的气be angry at sth.为某事生气be surprised at对感到惊奇(诧异)be used to doing 习惯于干be tired of 讨厌；厌倦be interested in对感兴趣be proud of 以自豪(骄傲)be full of 充满take care of照顾；关心；保管(bogun)be busy with忙于be strict with sb.对某人严格要求catch up with跟上，赶上have nothing t

18、o do with与无关第二十三页，共48页。【例9】The teachers hope all of us can hand _ D _ our homework _ time every day.(2013，黄石)Aup；in Bout；on Con；in Din；on点拨：考查固定短语hand in意为“上交”；in time“及时”，on time“准时”。【例10】How can we protect ourselves _ D _ the earthquake?We should stay calm first.(2014，铜仁)Awith Babout Cfor Dfrom点拨：

19、protect.from.意为“保护(boh)免受的伤害”。第二十四页，共48页。1I hope the train will arrive on time，but its _D_ my control.(2014，无锡)Awithin Bwithout Cunder Dbeyond2My friend，Susan，was born _C_ September 12th，1999.(2014，孝感(xio n)Ain Bat Con Dfor3I often go to the cinema with my parents _C_ Saturday.(2014，大连)Aat Bby Con D

20、in4A persons life is like a road _B_ lots of difficulties.Yes，so we need positive energy.(2014，连云港)Aby Bwith Calong Dduring第二十五页，共48页。5This problem is far _A_ me，Im afraid I cant work it out.Dont worry，we will help you.(2014，扬州)Abeyond Bbeside Cbehind Dbetween6The castle stands in a quiet place _C_

21、the main road at the far end of the river.(2014，苏州)Ato Bfor Coff Dout7Now，people regard drinking tea _A_ a culture than a habit.(2014，临沂)Aas Bby Cof Dwith第二十六页，共48页。8She sold her treasures to cure her mothers illness，even though it was _A_ her own wishes.Its so kind _ her.(2014，鄂州)Aagainst；of Babove

22、；ofCon；for Dfor；for9Why do you always go to Lanzhou University on weekends?Because therere lots of great speakers I can practise English _A_ in the English Corner there.(2013，兰州)Awith Bto Con Dabout第二十七页，共48页。10The workers will build a new railroad _B_ the two cities.(2013，天津(tin jn)Asince Bbetween

23、Cas Dduring11_D_ the morning of September 8th，many visitors arrived _ the train station for a tour.(2013，乌鲁木齐)AIn；at BOn；to CIn；in DOn；at12Mary，does your brother get _C_ work by bus？(2013，济南)No，he rides a bike.Sometimes he walks.Ain Bon Cto Dfor第二十八页，共48页。13Lucy lived in Beijing from 2008 _B_ 2012.(

24、2013，北京(bi jn)Aon Bto Cat Dof14Mr.Wang is strongly _C_ keeping animals in the zoo，because he thinks animals should also enjoy freedom.(2013，临沂)Aup Bfor Cagainst Ddown第二十九页，共48页。数词【真题体验(tyn)】1Which is the biggest number of the four?_B_(2014，黔西南)AOne third BTwo thirdsCA half DA quarter2Christmas Day i

25、s on _D_ of December.(2014，聊城)Atwentyfive Bthe twentyfiveCtwentyfifth Dthe twentyfifth第三十页，共48页。3_D_ month of the year is May.(2014，天津)ATwo BThe secondCFive DThe fifth【考点梳理】中考对数词的考查主要有以下四点：1基数词和序数词的用法；2日期、时间、年龄(ninlng)、编号等的用法；3分数的表达；4hundred，thousand，million，billion的用法。第三十一页，共48页。高频考点一基数词1基数词的构成112独

26、立成词。one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve。1319的基数词以teen结尾。要注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的拼写(pnxi)。表示整“十”的基数词：2090的基数词都以ty结尾。其中特别要注意twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，ninety的正确写法。第三十二页，共48页。2199的写法是：十位数加个位数，中间(zhngjin)用连字符号“”连接。如：26 twentysix；57 fiftyseven101999的构成是：百位数与十位数之间用and连接。如：12

27、3 one hundred and twentythreehundred，thousand，million，billion等词在表示确定数目的时候，直接在前面加基数词；表示不确定数目时，要在它们后面加s，其后还要加of。如：three hundred students三百名学生thousands of students成千上万的学生第三十三页，共48页。2基数词的用法表示数量的多少。表示年份。1988读作nineteen eightyeight表示时刻。7：00读作seven oclock8：30读作half past eight/eight thirty3：05读作five past thr

28、ee/three five5：48读作twelve to six/five fortyeight表示顺序。单数名词基数词，名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如：Class Two，Room 12，NO.3 Middle School“数词单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如：a threeyearold girl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语，后面(hu mian)必须跟上所修饰的名词。第三十四页，共48页。与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词单位(dnwi)名词形容词”，表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。如：ten years old，3600 meters long“几

29、十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或某个年代。如：In his sixties，he rode a bike round the world.在他六十多岁时，他骑自行车环游世界。The light bulb was invented in the 1870s.灯泡发明于19世纪70年代。与another，more连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加定数量。如：another three hours，two more apples第三十五页，共48页。【例1】Excuse me，sir.Heres a package for Lin Tao.Which room does he live in

30、?_ B _.A308 Room BRoom 308CThe Room 308 DThe 308 Room点拨：“几号房间(fngjin)”应用“Room房间(fngjin)号”表示。【例2】Lindas mother looks young，but actually she is in her _ A _.(2013，恩施)Asixties BsixtiethCsixty years old Dsixty点拨：表示某人约几十岁的时候，应用基数词的复数形式。第三十六页，共48页。高频考点(ko din)二序数词1序数词的构成序数词多数是由“基数词th”构成。如：sixsixth，sevense

31、venth等。以y结尾的整十的数字，先将y改为i，再加eth。如：fiftyfiftieth，seventyseventieth等。21以上的非整十的数字，将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词，其他的位数仍用基数词。如：twentyonetwentyfirst，two hundred and ninetyeighttwo hundred and ninetyeighth等。第三十七页，共48页。少数的序数词属于特殊情况，而且这类词也常常是考点(ko din)，大家要特别注意记忆。如：onefirst，twosecond，threethird，fivefifth，eighteighth，twelvet

32、welfth注意：fourteenth(第十四)，fortieth(第四十)，ninth(第九)，nineteenth(第十九)，ninetieth(第九十)第三十八页，共48页。2序数词的用法表示顺序。序数词表顺序时，其前须用定冠词the，后接单数名词。如：Im the first one to arrive here.我是第一个到达这儿的人注：如序数词前出现人称代词，则不加the。如：Today is my thirtieth birthday.今天是我三十岁的生日(shng ri)。用于最高级前。如：John is the second tallest boy in our class.

33、约翰是我们班第二高的男生。分数。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子为1，分母用单数，分子大于1，分母用复数。如：one fifth，three fifths。第三十九页，共48页。些习惯用法：1/4也可表示为a quarter，3/4也可表示为three quarters，1/2也可表示为a half。带分数的词组作句子的主语时，谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如：Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。表示数量(shling)上再增加“一”，用：a(

34、an)序数词单数名词。如：She had a second child.她有了第二个孩子。第四十页，共48页。【例3】What should we do now，Mr.Clark?Please turn to Page _ A _ and look at the _ picture.(2013，黄冈)ATwelve；fifth BTwelfth；fifthCTwelve；five DTwelfth；five点拨：Page基数词，且基数词首字母要大写；the序数词picture。【例4】_ C _ of the students in our class _ girls.ATwo fifth；i

35、s BTwo fifth；areCTwo fifths；are DTwo fifths；is点拨：分子大于1时，分母用复数，五分之二表示为two fifths；带分数的名词作主语时，谓语(wiy)单复数与名词的单复数一致。第四十一页，共48页。高频考点三数词中的难点1hundred，thousand，million，billion的运用。在构成具体(jt)的数字时，用单数形式。如：two hundred students，表达不具体(jt)的多数时用其复数。如：thousands of students(成千上万的学生)2与another，more连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如：a

36、nother three hours或three more hours。第四十二页，共48页。3“一两天”可表达(biod)为：a day or two或one or two days有关“半”的表达(biod)：three years and a half或three and a half years三年半；half an hour半小时；one hour and a half/one and a half hours一个半小时。【例5】The government of Linyi is building _ D _ cheap and good houses for the people

37、.(2013，临沂)Athousand BthousandsCthousand of Dthousands of点拨：thousands of为固定搭配，意为“成千上万的”。第四十三页，共48页。一、单项选择(xunz)1In this test，were asked to write a passage of about _C_(2014，宜宾)A80words B80wordC80 words D80 words2How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha?It is a _A_ flight from Tianjin to Changsha.(2014，

38、呼和浩特)A2hourlong B2hourslongC2 hours long D2 hour long第四十四页，共48页。3The park is far away from here indeed its about _D_ walk.(2014，苏州)Athree hour Ba three hoursCa threehours Da threehour4They are the students of _B_(2013，南宁)Agrade 7 BGrade 7C7th grade DGrade 7th5Where is Class _A_？Its on the _ floor.(2

39、013，天津(tin jn)ASix；third BSixth；thirdCSix；three DSixth；three第四十五页，共48页。6There are seven days in a week and Monday is _A_ day of the week.(2013，新疆(xn jin)Athe second BfirstCthe third Dsecond7Its said that _D_ of the water around the world _ polluted.(2013，黄石)Atwo third；has Btwo thirds；haveCtwo third；

40、are Dtwo thirds；is8To finish the task，weve tried three times，and after dinner well try _B_ time.(2013，安顺)Athe fourth Ba fourth Cfourth Dfour第四十六页，共48页。9The_A_ action films has attracted millions of young people to the cinema.(2013，无锡)A130minute B130minutes C130 minute D130 minutes10Have you finished

41、 your todays work?No，I need _B_(2013，天水)Atwo another hours Banother two hoursCmore two hours Dtwo other hours第四十七页，共48页。二、根据(gnj)句意及提示写单词。11There are thirty days in April as well as in June and in September.(2013，杭州)12The new semester usually begins in September，the ninth month of a year.(2013，宁波)13

42、The old man gave away eight hundred(百)books to the primary school in the countryside.(2013，兰州)14Next Sunday is Fathers Day and it is also my fathers fortieth(第四十)birthday.(2013，滨州)15It has been the tenth(第十)day since we climbed the Great Wall.16My grandma is in her eighties(八十多岁)，but she can still take care of herself.第四十八页，共48页。