福建省厦门市2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题.docx

1、福建省厦门市2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解Join Sandra Oddo as she shares a variety of tips and skills for making wine at home using elderflowers and elderberries.ItemsElderflowerWine Recipe (食谱)ElderberryWine RecipeIngredients Elderflowers (at least one quart); 1 gallon of boiling water pe

2、r quart of flowers; 2 to 2-1/2 pounds of sugar per gallon of liquid; 2 lemons per gallon, juiced; 1 packet of dry wine yeast (酵母) per 5 gallons of liquid. Elderberries (at least 2 gallons); 1 gallon of boiling water per 2 gallons of berries; 3-1/2 to 4 pounds of sugar per gallon of boiled-down liqui

3、d; 1 packet of dry wine yeast per 5 gallons of liquid.Instructions Cut a quart of flowers from the stems; Pour a gallon of boiling water over the flowers; Let the tea soak three or four days with the flowers pressed down under the liquid (they turn brown and ruin the color of the drink if theyre lef

4、t in the air); Strain off the fluid and heat some of it to dissolve 2 to 2-1/2 pounds of sugar per gallon; Add the juice of 2 lemons per gallon along with yeast; Let the mixture work in a container with an air lock. Pick nice fat berries about two days ahead, remove them from the stems and smash up

5、the fruit: Pour boiling water over the mixture, soaking for about a week; Keep the container covered with a towel to protect the working “must” from dust and the odd yeast floating around in the air; Strain off and save the juice and mix 3-1/2 to 4 pounds of sugar into each gallon of the liquid.1Wha

6、t is a different ingredient when we are making Elderflower Wine and Elderberry Wine?AWater.BLemon.CSugar.DYeast.2What is important to the nice color of the Elderflower Wine?ACutting flowers from the stems.BPouring boiling water over flowers.CPressing flowers down under the liquid.DAdding an amount o

7、f sugar to the liquid.3What is the text?AA recipe.BA science report.CA wine list.DA flower ad.Robert Sansone, the winner of the 2022 George DYancopoulos Innovator Award, is a natural born engineer. From robotic hands to high-speed running boots, Sansone has worked on at least sixty engineering proje

8、cts to date in his spare time. And hes only 17 years old.A couple years ago, Sansone came across a video about the advantages and disadvantages of electric cars. It explains that most electric car engines use rare-earth elements, which are costly, both financially and environmentally. In fact, 1kg o

9、f the rare-earth materials in question can cost up to several hundred dollars. With that sustainability issue, he wanted to solve it, so he tried and designed a different motor (发动机). His new motor, on the other hand, uses copper, which costs around $8 for 1kg.The highschooler had heard of a type of

10、 electric motor the Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SRM同步磁阻电动机) that doesnt use these rare-earth materials. This kind of motor is currently used for pumps and fans, but it isnt powerful enough by itself to be used in an electric vehicle. So, Sansone started brainstorming ways he could improve its perf

11、ormance.For over a year Sansone worked on the motor. It needed to be more efficient and have more rotational (旋转) force. The new motor was made from 3-D printed plastic, copper wires and a steel rotor and tested using a variety of meters to measure power. Sansone is now working on version 16 of his

12、motor, which he plans to build out of stronger materials so he can test it at higher revolutions per minute.As a rising senior, Sansone has dreamed of attending Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). His winnings from competitions will go toward college tuition. If his motor continues to perfo

13、rm with high speed and efficiency, he says hell move forward and cooperate with car companies. He hopes that one day his motor will be the design of choice for electric vehicles.4What is the authors purpose in writing paragraph 2?ATo explain the use of electric car engines.BTo stress the cost of the

14、 rare-earth materials.CTo introduce a video of previous electric cars.DTo show Sansones inspiration for his new motor.5Which aspect does Sansone mainly want to improve in SRM?AIts cost.BIts size.CIts power.DIts weight.6What can we learn from the last paragraph?AHe is studying in the MIT.BHe aims hig

15、h for his motor.CHe has started a motor company.DHe will enter a new competition.7Which of the following best describes Robert Sansone?AGifted and determined.BCaring and outgoing.CHumorous and energetic.DGenerous and hard-working.Historians are often asked to examine the actions of our ancestors so

16、we can repeat their wisdom and avoid their mistakes. But the present is just too different from the past. It is a waste of time to study Hannibals strategies in the Second Punic War so as to copy them in the Third World War. What worked well in cavalry battles will not necessarily be beneficial in c

17、yber war. Studying history aims to loosen (松开) the hold of the past.A young couple building a new home may ask the architect for a nice lawn (草坪) in the front yard. Why a lawn? “Because lawns are beautiful,” the couple might explain. But why do they think so?The idea of growing a lawn at the entranc

18、e to private houses and public buildings was born in the castles of French and English aristocrats in the late Middle Ages. Well-kept lawns demanded land and a lot of work. In exchange, they produced nothing of value. The neat grass at the entrance to castles was a social position symbol nobody coul

19、d pretend to have. Later the new parliaments (议会), supreme courts, presidential residences increasingly showed their power in row upon row of neat green grass. Humans came to identify lawns with political power, social position and economic wealth.When you now come to plan your dream house, you migh

20、t think twice about having a lawn in the front yard. You are of course still free to do it. But you are also free to shake off the cultural cargo given to you by the upper class. This is the best reason to learn history: not in order to guess the future, but to free yourself of the past and imagine

21、different lives. Of course this is not total freedom we cannot avoid being shaped by the past. But some freedom is better than none.8Why does the author mention Hannibal and cavalry battles in paragraph 1?ATo illustrate why future cyber war is difficult.BTo highlight how important historical warfare

22、 is.CTo show that past experience may not suit the present.DTo explain what strategies historical figures developed.9What does the author believe is the real reason for growing a lawn?AIts connection with power and wealth.BIts high maintenance requirements.CIts origin from European castles.DIts outs

23、tanding natural beauty.10What do the underlined words “cultural cargo” in the last paragraph refer to?ACultural mistakes.BCultural standards.CHistorical buildings.DHistorical knowledge.11According to the author, studying history is to _.Aguess events in the futureBrepeat wise decisionsCunderstand cu

24、ltural changesDreduce the control from the pastThe first hibernation (冬眠) studies with human subjects could be workable within a decade, a European Space Agency (ESA) researcher thinks. Such experiments would make it possible for a science-fiction-like approach to long-time space missions that would

25、 see astronauts placed into protective sleep for weeks or months on their way to faraway destinations.Experiments have shown that its possible to cause hibernation in otherwise non-hibernating animals, such as rats, and bring them safely back to life a few days later. “The rats receive a drug, a neu

26、rotransmitter substance (神经递质), and are brought into a dark space with reduced temperature,” Jurgen Bereiter-Hahn, a member of ESAs hibernation research group said. “It works very nicely, but the problem is that you have to apply the drug repeatedly to maintain the state, which could have damaging e

27、ffects over the longer term.”The hibernating astronaut would not only save the agency cost for water, food and oxygen. Astronauts would, most likely, wake up rather fit, without suffering many of the negative side effects of long-term bed rest or living in microgravity. In fact, studies show that th

28、e slowed down cells of a hibernating body dont get damaged by radiation (辐射). Besides, research in animals suggests that bodies of hibernating astronauts might lose much less bone and muscle mass than the bodies of those awake in microgravity. Upon arrival, these hibernators would thus be fit and re

29、ady to start challenging exploration almost straight away after regaining awareness.These protective qualities make hibernation a possibility not just for spaceflight, but also for medicine. Just like astronauts in microgravity, patients in long-term bed rest waste away quickly. Slowing life process

30、es to a minimum would provide what scientists call a “bridge”, a period of time that would allow physicians to look for solutions without racing against the clock. Although most current hibernation research is funded by space agencies, scientists think that the first human to be put into this state

31、of hibernation will most likely be an ICU patient. Once the first human survives and benefits from hibernation, things will likely start moving forward much faster.12According to paragraph 1, what do the hibernation studies mainly aim to do?AImprove sleep quality in space.BInvestigate hibernation my

32、stery.CPromote manned space exploration.DEnrich science fiction writing methods.13What is a challenge in the hibernation experiments?AEnsuring proper lighting.BBringing animals back to life.CMaintaining low temperature.DControlling possible side effects.14What advantage might hibernation bring to as

33、tronauts?AIt might help to keep physical fitness.BIt might increase long-term bed rest.CIt might decrease radiation contact.DIt might raise mental awareness.15What is the last paragraph mainly about?AThe role of physicians in monitoring hibernating patients.BThe possible application of hibernation b

34、eyond spaceflight.CThe importance for increasing funds for hibernation research.DThe need of human experiments in advancing hibernation studies.二、七选五We welcomed a daughter into the world yesterday. One day, when. she needs financial advice, heres what Ill tell her.It is easy to assume that wealth an

35、d poverty (贫困) are caused by the choices we make, but chance plays a bigger role than most people want to admit. 16 But realize not all success is due to hard work, and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.Everything has a price. The price of

36、a busy job is time away from friends and family. The price of spoiling (宠溺) kids is their sheltered life. Most of those prices are hidden. 17 Accepting this, youll view things like time and relationships as valuable as cash.I believe the highest benefit of money is the ability to control your time.

37、Being able to do what you want, when you want, where you want, with whom you want, for as long as you want, provides a lasting happiness greater than any fancy things can offer. 18 Having enough savings to give you time and options never gets old. 19 You have more control over it than your income. T

38、he person who makes $50,000 but only needs $40,000 to be happy is richer than the person who makes $150,000 but needs $151,000 to be happy.As Napoleon defined, a military talent is the person “who can do the average thing when everyone else is losing his mind”. 20 You dont need to do amazing things

39、to end up OK. Avoiding terrible mistakes is more powerful than any fancy finance tips.AWere not going to spoil you.BManaging money is the same.CI want you to believe in the values of hard work.DLearning how to live with less is very important.EYou just have to not mess up for long periods of time.FT

40、he excitement of having fancy things wears off quickly.GTheyre often worth paying, but never ignore that they are true costs.三、完形填空I come from a long line of farmers. When my parents moved to Wisconsin, farming allowed them to 21 back to Laos, to the culture, and the land. Wisconsins cornfields 22 t

41、he rice fields of Laos. But for me as a child, farming was just a 23 . I would be assigned (分配) a row of green beans. My mom 24 me a big basket and it was my 25 to fill it. That was how I spent my summer vacation 26 my friends were either at camp or doing other fun activities.I didnt 27 how farming

42、brought hope to my parents until I was an adult. I am a 28 removed from Laos and I have found that farming allows me to 29 my parents story. It allows me to see a little bit into their story. What Ive 30 from my mom is that you can grow just about anything. My mom wants to start growing 31 like she

43、did back in Laos. With a snowy climate, it is something I never thought 32 here. To me, this shows resilience (适应力). Maybe it 33 and maybe it doesnt. But there is 34 in that.As a kid, I hated doing farm work and I never thought that someday I would say that I kind of 35 putting my feet in the mud an

44、d weeding (除草) the corn.21AconnectBheadCretireDreport22AchangedBcoveredCreplacedDaffected23AdreamBgameCchoreDmystery24AsoldBgaveCsentDlent25AintentionBopportunityCchoiceDjob26AwhileBifCsinceDuntil27AregretBmonitorCappreciateDcomplain28AgenerationBgraduateCprofessionalDbeginner29Agive awayBmake upCac

45、t outDrelate to30AexpectedBlearnedCchosenDdemanded31AcornBriceCbeansDflowers32AflexibleBnecessaryClegalDpossible33AimprovesBrevivesCworksDexists34AconfusionBpermissionCbalanceDhope35AmissBriskCdelayDescape四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。I experienced Chinas Naadam Festival in Inner Mo

46、ngolia for the first time. The festival features horse racing, wrestling, and archery. I saw a lot of people wearing splendid Mongolian robes 36 learned about their ancestral tradition. In the unique wrestling competition, I 37 (move) by the show of strength and grace. Celebrating Naadam was 38 (abs

47、olute) worthwhile, and I eagerly hope to experience more of their culture in a 39 (tradition) Mongolian tent and enjoy hot pot in winter.阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。Film scores play an important role in shaping the emotional impact of a movie 40 its viewers. They signal how to feel about what is happening on screen and are always 41 form of classical music. John William