2024年中考英语语法复习：动词 专题讲义（含练习题及答案）.docx

1、2024年中考英语语法复习：动词 专题讲义一、动词分类：（一）按词义和句中的作用：类别特点意义举例实义动词 (vt. vi.)及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思I have a book.不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语She always comes late.系动词(link-v)跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思I am a student.助动词(aux. v.)跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watching TV.情态动词 (mod. v.) 跟动

2、词原形（有自己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化We can do it by ourselves.That would be better.（二）短语动词构成方式举例动词+介词Look at, look after动词+副词Give up, sit down动词+副词+介词Catch up with, look down upon动词+名词+介词Take care of, pay attention to Be+形容词+介词Be proud of, be afraid of 复杂结构Make up ones mind, wind ones way （三）按动词

3、的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词1、谓语动词 形式意义举例人称与主语在人称一致I am reading now. 第一人称数与主语在数上一致He writes well. 第三人称单数时态表示动作发生的时间He wrote a letter to me last month. 过去时态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承受者We study English.主动The road was filled with rubbish. 被动2、非谓语动词形式意义用途举例不定式起形容词和名词作用可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语It takes me 20 minutes to go to school.动名词

4、起名词作用作主语和宾语She likes reading.分词现在分词起形容词、副词作用，表主动作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语The cup is brokenI heard him crying.二、系动词：（一） Be动词：be是一个多功能动词，在初级英语里可见四种用法： 1、系动词be：be为连系动词，中心词义是是，句型为主系表结构。其变化形 式主要如下： 1）现在式：am,is,are 2）过去式：was,were 3）助动词/情态动词原形：will/can/may/mustbe 4）助动词过去分词：have/has/hadbeen。 Tohelpanimalsishelpingpeo

5、ple.(一般现在时) Thetwinswereverybusyyesterday.(一般过去时) Itwillbesunnytomorrow.(一般将来时) Shehasbeenillforoveraweek.(现在完成时) 2、助动词be：助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。其用法如下： 1）构成进行时态：be+doing。有现在和过去两种进行时态。如： Thegirlsisreadingandcopyingthenewwordsnow. YoungTomwasalwaysaskingquestionsandtryingoutnewideas. 2）构成被动语态：be+d

6、one。(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如： Teaisgrowninmyhometown.(一般现在时的被动语态) Thisbuildingwasbuiltthreeyearsago.(一般过去时的被动语态) Ourclassroomhasbeencleanedandtidiedalready.(现在完成时的被动语态) Howcouldthiskindofcakesbemadeinyourhome?(含情态动词的被动语态) Thatisadaynevertobeforgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态) 3）构成将来时： A. be+goingtodo表示打算或将要做某事，

7、be有现在和过去两种形式： Wearegoingtoplanttreesinthepark. Ididntknowifshewasgoingtocomehere. B. be+todo，表示按计划安排将要做某事。如： ThenewshopisnottobeopenedtillnextMonday.Onenightanangelcameto Maryandtoldherthatshewastohavethisspecialboy. 3、therebe句型： therebe句式为： therebe+主语部分状语部分，表示某处存在某 物，be常用现在时，过去时和将来时等： Oh,cool!Andth

8、erearemanythingstosee.ThereisevenadeerparkinSanya. Thereareabout80pyramidsinEgypt. Willtherebeafootballmatchinyourschoolnextweek? 4、实义动词be：将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如成为;做;发生;举行; 逗留;到达等。如： Hisdaughterwantstobeadoctorforanimalsinhertwenties. Katesbirthdaypartywillbeathalfpastsixthisevening. JimhasbeeninChi

9、naformore thantwoyears,buthehasnotyetbeentoYichang.（二）一些表示感受的动词和表示状态的动词：feel, look, sound, smell, taste, touch（表示感受）；become, keep, get, turn, grow, seem（表示状态） She am feeling better. The soup smells nice. The weather is getting hotter and hotter. Her face turned red. You must keep healthy.【基础练习】（一） 选

10、择最佳答案：（ ）1. My brother _ a teacher. He _ his pupils very much. A. is, like B. is, likes C. are, likes D. are, like（ ）2. A: How many days _ there in a week? B: There _ seven. A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is（ ）3. I _ tired last night. A. became B. felt C. looked D. am（ ）4. Her face _ pale（

11、苍白）when she heard the bad news. A. got B. is C. turned D. was（ ）5. You _ pale. Whats wrong with you? A. turn B. seem C. look D. become（ ）6. The boy _ ill today. A. are B. is C. be D. am（ ）7. Which _ bigger, the sun or the moon? A. are B. is C. be D. /（ ）8. Neither she nor I _ a doctor. A. am not B.

12、am C. are D. is（ ）9. I _ a worker next year. A. am B. will be C. be D. will（ ）10. Her voice _ like my mothers. A. sounds B. sound C. looks D. look（ ）11. It often rains and the crops _ fast. A. get B. turn C. grow D. become（ ）12. A: How are you _ now? B: Much better, thank you. A. getting B. feeling

13、C. making D. turning（ ）13. The teachers smile made me _ better. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt（ ）14. My English teacher _. A. all look young B. looks young C. look young D. all looks young（ ）15. I _ busy now, but I _ free next week. A. am, am B. am, will C. am, will be D. being, will be（ ）16.

14、 I _ at this school for about two months. A. am B. will be C. have been D. was（ ）17. My brother _ in the League for about five years. A. have been B. has been C. was D. is（ ）18. Come to my office if you _ free tomorrow. A. are B. will be C. was D. is（ ）19. If water _ heated, it will be _ into vapour

15、 （蒸气）. A. was, turned B. is, turned C. is. get D. was, got（ ）20. If you dont take back what you just said, Mother _ angry. A. is B. will be C. get D. feels（ ）21. Neither of us _ a doctor. A. am B. are C. is D. were（ ）22. He _ a famous writer. A. turns B. become C. has become D. has turned（ ）23. The

16、girls face _ red. A. turned B. got C. feel D. look（ ）24. He _ very glad. A. look B. turned C. feel D. looks（ ）25. The flowers _ fragrant （芳香）. A. get B. smells C. smell D. feels（ ）26. The table _ very smooth. A. look B. turn C. feels D. smell（ ）27. Jack _ younger than Tom. A. look B. feel C. feels D

17、. looks（ ）28. She looks _. A. happy B. to be happy C. happily D. that she is happy（二）用smell，taste，go，get，become，grow，seem，look，feel，turn的适当形式填空： 1. You _ _ very young. 2. At first those questions_ _easy, but later I found them difficult. 3. After the sports meeting, he _ _very tired. 4. My younger b

18、rother _ _a student last year. 5. When we_ _ up, were going to help build up our country. 6. The flowers _ _very sweet. 7. Her face _ _red. 8. Jack _ _very happy. 9. The mooncake _ _good. 10. The meat_ _bad.Keys: look; seemed; felt; became; grow; smell; turns; gets; tastes; goes.三、情态动词： 【语法回顾】情态动词的语

19、法特征1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2） 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。常见的情态动词有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。 1、can 和be able to 1）c

20、an/could 表示能力；可能 （过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。2）只用be able to的情况： a. 位于助动词后。b. 情态动词后。c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He manage

21、d to flee Europe before the war broke out.他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。注意：could有时不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？- Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 可以/不可以。2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：He couldnt be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。2、may和might 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测。例如：He might be at home. 他可能在家。注意：m

22、ight 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may 小。 3、have to和must 1）两词都是必须的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事） 2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式

23、。 He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。3）否定结构中：dont have to表示不必，mustnt表示禁止。例如：You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你不得把这件事告诉他。 4、must表示推测 1）must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为一定。 You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）He m

24、ust be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。 2）否定推测用cant。例如：If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。 5、should 和ought to 表示想必一定，按理应该的意思。例如：I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。

25、 They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。 6、had better表示最好，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。 It is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。Shed better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。7、would rather表示宁愿 would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than 宁愿而不愿。 I would rather stay

26、 here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。8、will和would 1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？2）Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如：Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won

27、t you是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down? 你不坐下吗？9、need和dare 这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。1） 实义动词：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth2） 情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。例如：Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。9

28、、情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes, I must.No, I needntMust you?No, I dont have to.10、带to 的情态动词 带to 的情态动词有：ought to, have to, used to, 它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? 他们必须在月底前付帐单吗？She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.在她十四岁前，她不会打网球。You ought n

29、ot to have told her all about it.你不应该告诉他所有这件事。Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?【说明】ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。【考点诠释】（一）考查情态动词的基本用法 一些情态动词的常用的意义往往为高考考查的焦点，考生须准确理解其含义并根据句子意思选择正确的情态动词。1must和have to两者都表示“必须”的意思，但must含有说话人主观上的看法、态度；have to则表示客观上的需要。【考例】-Must we finish

30、 giving out the posters today?-Yes, we _. It cant be put off any longer. 太原市A. can B. may C. must D. have to答案C。解析 此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。故选C。【考例】-I didnt pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently.-I agree. You _ play like that

31、 any more. 河南省A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. wouldnt答案B。解析 此处选mustnt。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。【考例】When traffic lights are red. We _stop and wait. 南京市A. may B. can C. must D. might.答案C。解析 考查情态动词，must必须，表示禁止。【考例】一I really like playing computer games! 一Im afraid you _stop，for your study and

32、 your health. 07宜昌市 A. am B. will Cmay Dmust答案D。解析 答语意思为“为了你的学习和健康，恐怕你必须停止玩电脑游戏”，所以must最恰当。2can和could两者都可用来表能力，意为“能够，会”；可用来表示许可(常用在口语中)或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度(常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。【考例】-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Of course you _.陕西省A. can B. must C. should D. will答案A。解析 上文的could并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌

33、些。【考例】-Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?-No. It _be Tom. He has gone to Paris. 长沙市A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt答案C。解析 因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。【考例】一Mary，_you speak Chinese?一Yes，only a little 北京市A must B need C may Dcan答案D。解析 考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗?“是的，会一点”。故选D。can表示能够。3shall和should shall用于第一、三人称疑

34、问句表示征求对方意：见；用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。 should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用ought to替换；可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪(用在疑问句中)；还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。【考例】Schools _allow students at least one hour a day for sports. 安徽省A. would B. might C. should D. could答案C。解析 此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。 4

35、had better和would rather “had better+动词原形”意为“最好做”，否定句式为had better not。“would rather+动词原形”意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为would rather not。【考例】-Bob，may I _your MP4?一SureBut youd better not _it to others福州市A lend；lend B lend；borrow C borrow；borrow Dborrow；lend答案D。解析本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别.borrow和lend是一组反义词，都是“借”的意思，但相对句子主

36、语来说，borrow意为“借人”；lend意为“借出”。由语境可判断前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。【考例】-What about playing football this afternoon, Sam? -I would rather _ at home than football. Its too hot outside. 南京A. stay; playing B. stay; playC. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing答案：A。解析本题考查了would rather的固定短语的应用。译文为:萨姆，今天下午出去打球怎么样？和踢

37、足球相比，我宁愿呆在家里，外面太热。Would rather do A than do B和做B比起来，宁愿做A。 5used to “used to+动词原形”表示“过去常常做某事”或表示过去的一种惯常状态。【考例】He used to _ in the sun, but now he is used to at night. 兰州A. read, read B. reading, read C. read, reading D. reading, reading答案：C。解析考查固定结构的用法。Used 后接动词不定时，be used to 后接动名词。故选C。 （二）考查情态动词表推测的

38、用法1对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。肯定的推测一般用must，should，may (might)或can(could)，其中，must的语气最强。意为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，意为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may(migt)，can(could)的语气最弱，意为“有时会”、“也许”、“可能”。否定推测分为两种情况：语气不很肯定时，常用maymightcould not，意为“可能不”、“也许不”；否定语气较强时，则用cant，意为“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。【考例】You _be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. 广东省A. can B. may C. must D. need答案C。解析 本题考查情态动词must，can，may，need的区别。本题由题意人手，“你工作了八个小时没有休息肯定很累。”情态动词mus