广东省惠州市2021届高三第一次调研考试英语试题 Word版含答案.doc

1、英语试题 1 惠州市惠州市 2021 届高三第一次调研考试试题届高三第一次调研考试试题 英 语 （2020.07） 本试卷分为第卷和第卷。试卷共 8 页，卷面满分 120 分。考试用时 120 分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号等相关信息填写在答题卡上。 2. 选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦 干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。 3. 非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答 题区域均无效。 4. 考试结束后，请

2、将答题卡上交。 第 I 卷 第一部分第一部分 阅读理解阅读理解(共两节，满分共两节，满分 35 分分) 第一节第一节 （共（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 25 分）分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Dr Almeida left school at 16 with little formal education but got a job as a laboratory technician in histopathology ( 组织病理学 ) at Glasgow Royal Infirmary.

3、Later she moved to London to further her career and in 1954 married Enriques Almeida, an artist. The couple and their young daughter moved to Toronto in Canada and it was at the Ontario Cancer Institute that Dr Almeida developed her outstanding skills with an electron microscope. She pioneered a met

4、hod which better visualized ( 成像 ) viruses by using antibodies to gather them. Her talents were recognized in the UK and she was invited to work at St Thomass Hospital Medical School in London. On her return, she began to cooperate with Dr David Tyrrell. Dr Tyrrell and his team were able to grow qui

5、te a few common cold-associated viruses. One sample, known as B814, was discovered in 1960. They found that they were able to transmit ( 传染 ) common cold symptoms to volunteers but they were unable to grow it in routine cell culture ( 细胞培养 ). However, volunteer studies showed its growth in organ cul

6、tures ( 器官培养 ). Dr Tyrrell wondered if it could be seen by an electron microscope. They sent samples to Almeida who found that they were like flu viruses but not exactly the same. She identified what became known as the first human coronavirus ( 冠状病毒 ). Dr Almeida had actually seen particles ( 微粒 )

7、like this before while investigating viruses in mice and chickens. However, when she sent her paper about this discovery to a medical journal, it was 英语试题 2 rejected. It was two years later that the first photographs of the virus she had seen were published in Journal of General Virology. It was nam

8、ed coronavirus because of the crown surrounding it on the viral image. 21. Why did Dr Almeida return to work in the UK ? A. Because her family did not like Toronto. B. Because the UK appreciated her talents. C. Because she bettered an electron microscope. D. Because she was the first one to visualiz

9、e viruses. 22. What can we know about B814? A. It could be grown in routine cell culture. B. It was unable to develop in organ cultures. C. Its exactly the same with influenza viruses. D. It was identified as the first human coronavirus. 23. What can we connect with the name “coronavirus”? A. Its vi

10、ral image. B. Its deadly power. C. It original sample. D. Its first appearance. B Chinas domestically ( 国内 ) developed Beidou Navigation Satellite System has been widely used in many public sectors and business fields at home and abroad. Beidou has been used in dozens of business and public sector f

11、ields ( 公共部门领域 ) in China, including transportation, electric power transmission, fisheries, mining and agriculture. Tens of millions of Beidou-based terminal （终端） devices have been sold and are in use. By the end of 2019, more than 100 million Beidou-based navigation chips, modules and other produc

12、ts had been sold. The system had by then been fixed in nearly 6.6 million taxis, buses and trucks around China as well as more than 70,000 fishing ships across the country. Beidou-enabled functions are also used in at least 50,000 agricultural machines and have improved their operational efficiency.

13、 More than 70 percent of mobile phones registered in China are capable of utilizing Beidou signals. In the public security field, more than 400,000 portable terminals used by the police across the country have Beidou-enabled positioning functions. Beidou has also played important roles in security w

14、ork for 英语试题 3 high-level events. Globally, by the end of 2019, Chinese products based on Beidou had been sold to more than 120 foreign countries and regions, playing a helpful role in a number of public sector fields. For instance, Beidou has helped Russia improve its electric grid inspections ( 电网

15、检测 ), made operations more convenient for unmanned aircraft users in Cambodia, and promoted management efficiency of many warehouses in Thailand and construction work in Kuwait. 24. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “utilizing” in Paragraph 2? A. transforming B. using C. passing D.

16、strengthening 25. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Beidou Systems navigation is accessible. B. Beidou Systems positioning services vary in quality. C. Beidou Systems applications spread around the globe. D. Beidou Systems operational efficiency improves rapidly. 26. In which section of a new

17、spaper may this passage appear? A. Technology B. Education C. Travel D. Society C In some places around the world, you can find bright green balls of moss ( 苔藓 ) scattered across glaciers, which, surprisingly, move all at about the same speeds and in the same directions. The glacier moss balls are c

18、ommonly called “glacier mice”, and were the subject of a recent study published online in Polar Biology this month. The studys authors believe that they develop from impurities ( 杂质 ) on ice surfaces. “They re not attached ( 黏附 ) to anything and theyre just resting there on ice,” said one of the aut

19、hors. “Theyre bright green in a world of white.” The moss balls dont stay at rest for long, though. They moved about 2.5 centimeters per day on average. Another one of the studys authors pointed out that movement is a necessity for the glacier moss balls because the entire surface of the ball must o

20、ccasionally get exposed to the sun. “These things must actually roll around or else that moss on the bottom would die,” she said. Glacier mice have ever been spotted in Alaska, Iceland, Svalbard and South America, but scientists still have a lot to learn about them. One of the biggest questions is w

21、hy the moss balls, which can live for at least six years, move the way they do. The researchers tried to explain this strange phenomenon in many ways. First, they thought the balls had rolled downhill, but later found that they werent going down a slope 英语试题 4 ( 斜坡 ). Then, they thought the wind was

22、 blowing them in consistent directions. But when they measured the dominant direction of the wind, that didnt explain it either. And finally, they considered the sun, which melts the ice and may make the moss balls move, but the direction of incoming solar radiation wasnt in the direction which the

23、balls were going in. Still confused with this problem, the researchers said that they hope that one day, future generations will “get to the bottom of these great mysteries”. 27. What interests the researchers most? A. The discovery of glacier mice. B. The development of impurities. C. The distribut

24、ion of glacier moss. D. The movement of glacier moss balls. 28. Which of the following is TRUE about Glacier mice? A. They can move fast. B. They are attached to ice. C. They move so as to keep alive. D. They move from other places to glaciers. 29. How does the author explain the unusual way the gla

25、cier mice move? A. By drawing maps and making analysis. B. By making assumptions and doing research. C. By doing experiments and presenting reports. D. By making comparison and setting down general rules 30. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Wind blows Glacier mice to move. B. The direct

26、ion of sunlight helps Glacier mice. C. Scientists leave these mysteries to future generations. D. It remains a puzzle why the glacier moss balls move in this way. 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How do you wake up in the morning? If you set an alarm on your pho

27、ne or clock that sounds like this: beep-beep-beep, that hard, unpleasant sound may be making it harder to shake off the sleepy feeling 英语试题 5 in the morning known as grogginess ( 昏昏沉沉 ). 31 ? A recent study says yes. The answer is music. Researchers say alarms that have a melody can help people feel

28、 fresher in the morning. The study, carried out by researchers in Australia, involved 50 people. They answered questions about the alarm sound they like to wake up to. 32 . Sleep inertia ( 惯性 ) is another term for grogginess. 33 , and has trouble getting moving again after sleeping. People need to b

29、etter understand sleep inertias harmful effects on human performance later in the day. The grogginess we may feel in the morning usually lasts for up to 30 minutes, but some may last from two to four hours. Not everyone will experience the full effect. 34 , especially when they perform duties that r

30、equire a top performance within this period or for people who work in dangerous situations shortly after they wake. So, what makes musical alarms better for waking up? 35 . A. Possibly the different tones in it B. Simply the single sound of “beeping” C. So, is there a better way to wake up D. So, wh

31、at is a better way to wake up E. But for those who do, care should be taken F. It means a person has a heavy feeling when waking up G. They also expressed how they feel about that sound and how they feel when they wake up 第二部分第二部分 完完形填空（共形填空（共 20 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 30 分）分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选

32、项（ A, B, C, D ）中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Jean is just like an average 14-year-old in many ways. She loves singing, using TikTok ( 抖音短视 频国际版 ) , and 36 with her friends. But youll find that shes actually quite 37 . In fact, this teenagers 38 achievement is earning a masters degree in environment

33、al science and sustainable engineering. The brilliant teens schooling 39 began in institutions for gifted 40 . She would attend 41 school in the morning and take her online high school modules at night at 8 years old. After finishing high school, Jane went on to 42 her bachelors degree at age 12. In

34、 total, she now has three degrees to her 43 ! 英语试题 6 Jane is still uncertain about the 44 shes going to take, but she knows that she wants it to involve STEM ( 理工科统称 ). In fact, shes started taking steps towards that goal by 45 back. Last year, Jane went on a trip to South Africa. There, she met a f

35、ew local girls who 46 her passion for STEM. However, they didnt have the same 47 she had back in the US. This 48 her to develop a plan to bring STEM labs to them. She started fundraisers to buy things such as microscopes and 49 , which she hopes to bring to Cape Town once COVID-19 restrictions have

36、50 . Jane knows that its rare for a teen to have such a long list of 51 . However, she says that it only 52 one thing. “To get where you want to be, you have to be committed,” she said. “When people read my 53 I dont want them to be like, Oh shes so smart, I can 54 do that. I want them to think Shes

37、 so goal-driven. I need to be 55 . and thus feel motivated.” 36. A. catching up B. hanging out C. moving away D. going in 37. A. extraordinary B. serious C. shy D. curious 38. A. hardest B. latest C. furthest D. richest 39. A. experiment B. research C. journey D. advantage 40. A. adults B. seniors C

38、. babies D. children 41. A. graduate B. high C. regular D. language 42. A. receive B. record C. prefer D. practise 43. A. knowledge B. name C. taste D. relief 44. A. advice B. chance C. break D. path 45. A. fighting B. looking C. stepping D. giving 46. A. recognized B. doubted C. shared D. understoo

39、d 47. A. resources B. courses C. information D. response 48. A. forced B. inspired C. asked D. persuaded 49. A. paints B. cameras C. microphones D. computers 50. A. started B. developed C. eased D. switched 51. A. accomplishments B. requirements C. interests D. ideas 52. A. boils down to B. gives ri

40、se to C. looks forward to D. gets used to 53. A. report B. paper C. story D. article 54. A. also B. never C. just D. finally 55. A. clever B. modest C. cautious D. determined 英语试题 7 第第 II 卷卷 温馨提示：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第三部分第三部分 英语知识运用（共四节，满分英语知识运用（共四节，满分 45 分）分） 第一节第一节 语法填空语法填空(共共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分

41、，满分分，满分 15 分分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, veganism（纯素食主义）has become one of the fastest-growing lifestyle 56 (trend) in the world. Over 3 million people in the US are vegans while about 542,000 British people 57 (choose) veganism over the past 10 years. What is driving this g

42、rowth in veganism? First, people attach importance to protecting the environment. They think producing meat and dairy products is 58 (stress) for the environment. According to a recent study, global meat manufacturing has caused 18% of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions. This figure is 59 (high) th

43、an that of all the worlds cars, trains and planes combined. Second, many young people 60 (convince) that its cruel to kill animals for food and becoming vegan is 61 ethical ( 伦理的 ) decision . Veganism doesnt simply means 62 (eat) no meat, cheese or eggs. It also applies 63 fashion and manufacturing.

44、 Every year more than a billion animals are killed 64 . (produce) leather products from their skins. Now, many brands are seeking for substitutions ( 替代品 ). So 65 the idea of protecting animals and saving environment appeals to you, give veganism a try. 第四部分第四部分 写作（共两节，满分写作（共两节，满分 40 分）分） 第一节第一节 概要写

45、作（满分概要写作（满分 15 分）分） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 （ 请 标 注 要 点 和 词 数） ） Teenagers fitness is now a major concern and physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong and helps you to keep the right body weight. Sports scientists offer the fol

46、lowing advice to teenagers: First, find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier. There are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weig

47、ht problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities, but do not have a high fitness level. According to experts, overweight teenagers should work out t

48、o keep healthy. Ride a bike, play 英语试题 8 volleyball or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories. Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty of each a day. Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger. The same rule is also suitable for active teenagers. Experts also suggest one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise,