英语句子的重音和升降调详解-吴建伟.ppt

1、.1 句子重音，升降调句子重音，升降调 Sentence Stressand intonation句子重音的一般规则句子重音的一般规则实词重读实词重读 虚词不重读虚词不重读名词名词 一般都重读一般都重读 There is a book on the desk.My sister put up a picture on the wall.John wants to see the teacher after class.An elephant is an animal.2一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的名名词词,如如thing,person,place,或指一

2、大类人或事物的或指一大类人或事物的名名词，如词，如 man,woman,fellow,time,ship,前面有修饰语缩小其前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词通常不重读范围时，这类名词通常不重读Thats a nice thing.(比较比较：Thats a nice picture.)Hes an easy person to get along with.Hes the right man for the job.Its already lunch time.(比较比较;Its time for lunch.).3代词代词常重读的代词有常重读的代词有 1 1指示代词指示代词This is

3、not what I mean.That isnt the one I asked for.Do you like()these flowers?但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音How do you like those little ones?Who wrote this interesting story?.42.名词性物主代词名词性物主代词Yours is much nicer than mine.The red one is his.但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读 Im writi

4、ng to a friend of mine.3.强调代词强调代词 I saw it myself.The man himself told me so.4疑问代词疑问代词 Who are you talking to?What can I do for you?Who came to see you this morning?.5不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词性），相互代词，关系代词He hasnt seen my brother yet.He hurt himself when he was

5、playing football.They often help each other.The girl who spoke to you just now is my sister.6形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读 数词一般都应重读数词一般都应重读The streets are wide,clean and beautiful.This narrow valley was the scene of a famous battle.His first daughter is fifteen.Its a dull and disappointing

6、film.Thats exciting news.The worried man entered the crowded street.He bought ten cups and I bought only four.7冠词一般都不重读冠词一般都不重读He lives in a house not far from the school.Its an hours drive from the old station.The man over there is my brother.An elephant is an animal.8动词动词 主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词主要动词，或称实意

7、动词、行为动词（notional verb）都要重读）都要重读(be、have 除外除外)He takes a walk after supper every day.Dont forget your homework.I suppose you know him.非限定动词一般也都要重读非限定动词一般也都要重读 不定式不定式 We decided to start the next day.分词分词 We sat at the desk writing a letter.动名词动名词 Its no use asking him about that.9助动词和情态动词与助动词和情态动词与no

8、t构成的缩略式要重读构成的缩略式要重读I dont want to go there today.He wasnt surprised when I told him the news.We cant stay any longer.Dont you think you shouldnt say such things?We must do it now,mustnt we?cannot不缩写成不缩写成cant 时，重音也在时，重音也在can 上上I cannot agree with him.10Do 用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的I do hope t

9、his will be effective.He does need your help.We did warn you before.Do drop in when you are in Xuzhou.11不重读的动词不重读的动词助动词助动词 He did not work hard for the exam.We were impressed by their achievements.Much has been said about it.They will be surprised at that.情态动词情态动词 He should be criticized for doing t

10、hat.Mary could do it better than Herbert.I must go now.Who can answer this question?.12动词动词 be(是是),),have(有有)一般不重读一般不重读 I have so many things to do today.Few people had TV sets in those days.The key was in the box.以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读重读;用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在比

11、较随便的谈话中不必重读用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在比较随便的谈话中不必重读 ()Have you any brothers and sisters?Yes,I have.()Are you a student?Yes,I am.()Can you come this afternoon?Yes,I can.He said more than he should at the meeting.I dont want to go there,but I must.13副词一般都重读副词一般都重读 They came back early yesterday.Where did you buy

12、it?Why do you come?You meet people everywhere.Ive never heard of such a thing before.Perhaps shell arrive tonight.Tell him to come in.A car dashed past.Thank you for coming to see me off.14但关系副词不重读但关系副词不重读 He visited the small village where he was born.They came right at the time when we needed thei

13、r help.This is the reason why they failed.介词介词 单音节介词一般都不重读单音节介词一般都不重读 All but one of the family are at home.How far is it from Paris to London?What are you looking at?Thats what I was thinking of.15多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读 Ill do it()after lunch.He finished the article()during the holidays.T

14、he man walked a()long the street.He searched a()mong the papers.I forgot all a()bout it.I have nothing to say con()cerning this problem.Put it opposite the door.16在不重读的连系动词在不重读的连系动词bebe或人称代词后，或人称代词后，不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读 Theyre by the window.He was in the sitting-room.Is it near the post of

15、fice?The teacher was with us at the picnic.It was during the interval.He was beside himself with rage.They are behind the door.17介词在句首时常可重读介词在句首时常可重读 On his way home he met an old friend.In the room they found a little boy.Under the tree stands a tall man.18连接词连接词 单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词bot

16、h and neithernor等）和从属连词都不重读等）和从属连词都不重读 He came and spoke to us.I saw it but didnt read it.Lets run or well be late.That takes both time and energy.Neither you nor I can solve the problem.I suggest that we give up the plan.He was angry with me because I was late.The professor was busy writing when I

17、went to see him.19We took the taxi to the station so(that)we could be in time for the train.She didnt arrange the chairs as I told her.Put it where it can easily be seen.He wants to see you before you leave.She insisted on going,though I told her not to.They were disappointed whereas we were delight

18、ed.You cant understand it until you read it to the end.20连接词词组连接词词组 其中重要的词要重读其中重要的词要重读还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读 If only I knew how to do it.Hell help us on condition that we trust him.Well start tomorrow even if it rains.They have never met ever since 1980.The meeting will begin as soon as th

19、e guests come.Youll succeed so long as you work hard.Its such a pity that you cant come.21He spoke so fast that I could hardly follow him.Will you try again supposing you fail?I must go there although it is raining.The school bus will leave directly thebell rings.You can never succeed unless you wor

20、k hard.22从句放在主句前面时，处于句首的连接词常重读从句放在主句前面时，处于句首的连接词常重读（that 除外）除外）When he comes Ill introduce him to you.After Ive finished it Ill show it to you.As I was waiting for the bus,it suddenly began to rain.但但 That we can do it without him is absurd.23连接代词连接代词who(whom,whose)what,which 和连接副词和连接副词when,where,ho

21、w,why 可以重读，也可以不重读可以重读，也可以不重读 I wonder who that was.Ask him which is better.I dont know how they are.I dont know how things are in their school.Im not sure when hes coming.I cant understand why he refuses to go.Do you see what I mean?He doesnt know what he should do next.24感叹词感叹词 感叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读感叹

22、词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读 Ah!Oh!Ugh!uh Eh?Fancy!Goodness!Nonsense!Hello!Indeed!How awful!但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高Ah no!Oh well!Oh dear!.25不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况任何本来有句子重音的词，如果上文刚出现过，第二次提任何本来有句子重音的词，如果上文刚出现过，第二次提到时一般不应重读到时一般不应重读-How many times have you been

23、 there?-Three times.The boy shouted to the other boys.-They want strong men.-Very well.I am strong.Study as Lenin studied.A new committee has been set up and Dr Li is on the committee.26名词名词 street 在街名中不重读在街名中不重读 Oxford Street Downing Street Eighth Street Wall Street但但road,avenue,lane,way,hill,town,

24、park,palace等词在街名地名中都要重读等词在街名地名中都要重读York Road West Lake Hyde Park Buckingham Palace Hampton Court.27一个名词受另一个名词（或形容词）修饰时，如修饰语与别的一个名词受另一个名词（或形容词）修饰时，如修饰语与别的词形成对比时，或两个词意义上联系很紧密时，被修饰的名词词形成对比时，或两个词意义上联系很紧密时，被修饰的名词不重读，只重读前面的修饰语不重读，只重读前面的修饰语railway journey 坐火车旅行坐火车旅行（区别于坐汽车或飞机旅行）（区别于坐汽车或飞机旅行）pleasure trip 旅

25、游旅游（区别于因事旅行）（区别于因事旅行）high school 中学中学safety razor 安全剃刀安全剃刀life-saving apparatus 救生装置救生装置door handle tennis ball camping ground golf club violin string examination paper.28指示代词指示代词this,that,these,those有时没有很强的指示意味，有时没有很强的指示意味，其意义很接近于冠词其意义很接近于冠词the，特别是当其修饰的名词前面已提，特别是当其修饰的名词前面已提到时，这些指示代词不重读到时，这些指示代词不重读

26、He managed this matter wonderfully.It is necessary to take these measures.He couldnt bear the gaze of those eyes.在在 this morning,this afternoon,this evening 等词组中等词组中，this 不重读不重读.29such 后面跟有强调的词时不重读后面跟有强调的词时不重读such a curious shape such quantities of wood 如果后面的词不可能重时，则重读如果后面的词不可能重时，则重读 suchSuch a thin

27、g should never have happened.副词副词so在在 think so,do so等词组里不重读等词组里不重读 I think so.I didnt say so.I believe so.Who told you to do so?.30副词副词so,now,then用来在语气上连接上下文时，不重用来在语气上连接上下文时，不重读读So he went into the garden.Now listen to me carefully.Then dont forget to write to me after you arrive there.31某些插入语不须重读某些

28、插入语不须重读Im afraid hes not coming.Hes not coming,Im afraid.Please sit down.Sit down,please.He said,“Im sorry.”“Im sorry,”he said.One作为数词要重读，但用作代词时不重读作为数词要重读，但用作代词时不重读Thats a good one.How are the little ones?Youve got the wrong one,I want the green one.32节奏节奏 O O O O times up.make haste next week whats

29、 thiswork hard well done all right quite goodYes,please.hold on thats true too badgood news this monthnot yet come in .33 O o O O o O never mind wait and seeleave at once word by word let me see thanks a lot out of date quite a lot try it out good ideacome along far and wide time and tide little gir

30、lwhat a day.34 O o O o O o O o wait a moment give me this one lets get started spring is coming Merry Ce and help me glad to see you very funny let me help you who can help mequite a lot of rather boring go and get it when to do itjust imagine time is precious.35o O o O o O o O the latest news a was

31、te of time hes late for class shes gone awaya lot of noise Id like to comeit doesnt work wed better goa sign of smoke he always singsits time for lunch Ill see you off its hard to say a day of workIve no idea Im sure you will.36O o o O lots to be done lend me a hand get in the crops nothing at all b

32、ring him along send it by mail not in the least clear it away once in a whileO o o o Ocarry it awayfollow my advice see you in a week try to be in time come and have a lookleave it on the desk cut it with a knifeeverything is clearbring along your friend.37o O o O oIm glad to see you.Youre always we

33、lcome.I hope you like it.Id like to hear it.I beg your pardon.Youd better hurry.Im very sorry.It doesnt matter.Hes rather funny.38o O o o O o oIll borrow another one.Youll get it on Saturday.Perhaps youve heard of it.Theyve all gone on holiday.Its very unfortunate.Lets open the other one.39语调语调在英语说话

34、和朗读时不但要注意句子的重读、音的长度、音在英语说话和朗读时不但要注意句子的重读、音的长度、音的变化，而且很重要的是要注意句子或短语的语调的变化，而且很重要的是要注意句子或短语的语调在英语中通过语调的高低、句子重读、音的长度，使语言表在英语中通过语调的高低、句子重读、音的长度，使语言表达丰富多彩，声情并茂。英语语调或升或降，或高或低，一达丰富多彩，声情并茂。英语语调或升或降，或高或低，一般落在短语或句子的最后一个重音上般落在短语或句子的最后一个重音上可以将英语语调归纳为四种：可以将英语语调归纳为四种：降调降调 升调升调 平调平调 降升调降升调 .40用降调的句型用降调的句型1.陈述句陈述句Th

35、ank you.Not at all.Youre quite right.Im afraid I must be off.412.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句What time can I see you?Whats the matter with you?.423.祈使句祈使句Come in.Close the door.Fetch me my gloves.Please drop in any time you like.Hurry up or well miss the train.434.感叹句感叹句What a hot day!Isnt it lovely!.44用升调的句型用升调的句型1.

36、一般疑问句一般疑问句Have you been staying here long?Are you free tomorrow morning?Is this lesson too difficult?.45 2.祈使句祈使句 表示很婉转和客气的请求，表示很婉转和客气的请求，祈使句有时也可以一般疑问句的形式出现祈使句有时也可以一般疑问句的形式出现 Wont you take a seat?Shall we go to the dining room?.463.陈述句陈述句有些陈述句包含不肯定、疑惑、安慰、抱歉、无能为力、轻蔑、不在乎、有些陈述句包含不肯定、疑惑、安慰、抱歉、无能为力、轻蔑、不在

37、乎、不耐烦，以及其他一些没有直接表达出来的情绪时，用升调不耐烦，以及其他一些没有直接表达出来的情绪时，用升调I cant wait that long.I thought everything would be all right.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.上述某些情绪，如不肯定、疑惑、轻蔑、无可奈何等，也可以用降升调，上述某些情绪，如不肯定、疑惑、轻蔑、无可奈何等，也可以用降升调，情绪更为强烈情绪更为强烈.47语调群语调群 1.升调在前，降调在后升调在前，降调在后选择疑问句，要求回答者选择任何一个选择疑问句，要求回答者选择任何一个Do you pre

38、fer tea or coffee?Is he still here or has he gone home already?以状语或状语从句开始的句子以状语或状语从句开始的句子At ten oclock in the morning the contest began.计数或点东西计数或点东西a chair,a table,a bed and a desk.482.降调在前，升调在后降调在前，升调在后反意疑问句，表示说话人有一些疑惑，要肯定以下自己的看法反意疑问句，表示说话人有一些疑惑，要肯定以下自己的看法You went to the concert yesterday,didnt you

39、?He works in a bank in town,doesnt he?前面是陈述句，后面有一个表示不肯定或有疑虑的附加语前面是陈述句，后面有一个表示不肯定或有疑虑的附加语Its going to rain,Im afraid.在句末称呼人时，用升调在句末称呼人时，用升调Tell me the truth,George.493.前后都是降调前后都是降调反意疑问句，这类反意疑问句疑问成分很少，答案无疑已经知道反意疑问句，这类反意疑问句疑问成分很少，答案无疑已经知道Its a fine day,isnt it?She is talking just like her mother,isnt she?主语在前，状语或状语从句在后的陈述句主语在前，状语或状语从句在后的陈述句He will know better when he gets older.有两个或两个以上并列句的句子有两个或两个以上并列句的句子The telephone rang,but I didnt answer it.50