高考英语二轮复习-第四部分-任务型阅读课件.ppt

1、任务型阅读第四部分 任务型阅读 命题规律命题规律题型解读与高考感悟任务型阅读阅读量较大，但阅读难度适中，一般原词与推理、归纳词的比例是55。2013年能在文中找到原词的共5题，需要对原文词性、词形变换的共1题，归纳总结得出答案的共4题。2014年推理、归纳题考查比例较大，共6题。能在原文中找到原词和需要对原文词性、词形变换的各2题。2015年有7题可在原文中找到原词或相对应的词形、词性。命题命题趋势任务型阅读将会继续在江苏高考试题中占有较大比重，考题形式还是主要以表格形和树状形为主，文章体裁主要以议论文为主，阅读量大，要求考生具有捕捉信息、组织信息和综合概括信息的能力。真题体验真题体验(一)(

2、2015江苏)People select news in expectation of a reward.This reward may be either of two kinds.One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle，the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.For want of better names，we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.In gener

3、al，the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption，accidents and disasters，sports，social events，and human interest.Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs，economic matters，social problems，science，education，and health.News of the fir

4、st kind pays its rewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.He can tremble wildly at an axemurder，shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane，identify himself with the winning team，laugh understandingly at a warm little stor

5、y of children or dogs.News of the second kind，however，pays its rewards later.It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyanceas，for example，when he reads of the threatening foreign situation，the mounting national debt，rising taxes，falling market，scarce housing，and cancer.It h

6、as a kind of“threat value”.It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.When a reader selects delayedreward news，he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the w

7、orld of threatening reality toward the dream world.For any individual，of course，the boundaries of these two classes are not stable.For example，a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than for its immediate reward.A coach may read a sports story for its threat value：he may hav

8、e to play that team next week.A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting，not for its delayed reward，but very much as his wife readsan account of a party.In any given story of corruption or disaster，a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirec

9、t experience，but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.Therefore，while the division of categories holds in general，an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another，or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.What news stories do you re

10、ad？Division of news storiesPeople expect to get 71._ from reading news.News stories are roughly divided into two classes.Some news will excite their readers instantly while others wont.72._ of the two classesNews of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene wit

11、hout actual 73._.Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and 74._ similar feelings with those involved.72._ of the two classesNews of delayed reward will make readers suffer，or present a 75._ to them.News of delayed reward will induce the reader to 76._ for th

12、e reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to 77._ from the reality.Unstable boundaries of the two classesWhat readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their 78._.Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and 79._ themselves to the

13、reality.Thus，the division，on the whole，80._ on the reader.71.rewards/rewarded解析本题对应首段首句“People select news in expectation of a reward.”但该空需要变化词形，将a reward变为复数形式，或者用reward的过去分词。72.Explanations解析此空需要综合右栏所给内容得出答案。与之对应的右栏内容是对两种回报类别的“解释”。73.involvement解析由第三段的“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience wit

14、hout any of the dangers or stresses involved.”以及空前的形容词actual可知这里应将involved变为名词形式。74.share解析由第三段的末句可知他会把自己的感受和对方连在一起，即感同身受。这里应该是“分享”相似的感情。75.threat解析由第四段的“.when he reads of the threatening foreign situation.It has a kind of threat value.”可知这里应该是说带来“威胁”。76.prepare解析本题对应倒数第二段中的“It is read so that the r

15、eader may be informed and prepared.”，且由空前的不定式符号to可知此处填prepare。77.withdraw解析本题对应倒数第二段末句：“When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.”由空前的to可知这里填withdraw。78.profession(s)/intention解析末段分别提到三个不同职业的人对阅读的不同期待，所以这里应该是“职业”或“意图”。79

16、.adapt解析本题对应倒数第二段中的“.he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”且空前的and连接两个并列成分，前后形式应一致，因此这里用动词原形adapt。80.depends解析由短文末句可知个人的倾向导致两个类别的转换，换句话说后者取决于前者。这里用短语depend on。(二)(2014江苏)The expression，“everybodys doing it，”is very much at the center

17、of the concept of peer pressure.It is a strong influence of a group，especially of children，on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.It can be positive or negative.Most people experience it in some way during their lives.People are social creatures by nature，and so it is hardly surpr

18、ising that part of their selfrespect comes from the approval of others.This instinct(天性)is why the approval of peers，or the fear of disapproval，is such a powerful force in many peoples lives.It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work，or to answer“fine

19、”when a stranger asks“how are you？”even if it is not necessarily true.There is a practical aspect to this：it helps society to function efficiently，and encourages a general level of selfdiscipline that simplifies daytoday interaction.For certain individuals，seeking social acceptance is so important t

20、hat it becomes like an addiction；in order to satisfy the desire，they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs，or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.Matureadults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at

21、 the company where they work，or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to“keep up with the Joneses.”However，peer pressure is not always negative.A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder

22、 and get good grades.Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs，or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encou

23、rage people to better themselves.Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure.They teach kids to stand up and be themselves，and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.Similarly，it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the benefici

24、al influence of positive peer groups.71.feeling解析由文章的首句“The expression，everybodys doing it，is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure.”可知“同龄压力”的核心是“每个人都在做这件事”。设空处是对peer pressure的解释：“同龄压力指强烈的_，即：你必须用和你同样年龄的其他人的方式做事情。”由must可见语气的强烈，它表达的是一种强烈的情感，故填feeling。72.influences解析由首段的第二句“It is a s

25、trong influence of a group.”可知同龄压力是一种强烈的群体影响(influence)。设空处需要填写动词“影响”，和works一起构成并列谓语。73.practical解析由第二段中的最后一句“There is a practical aspect to this.”及本框格所包含的右边框格中的内容可以判断此处是说同龄压力对社会的实用功能，故应填“practical”。74.unconsciously解析第二段说到人的天性促使人不由自主地做某些事，并且举例：陌生人说“how are you？”，你自然会说“fine”，即使有时候这并不是事实。所有这些都是“无意识的”，

26、故此处填unconsciously。75.individuals解析由第三段的首句“For certain individuals，seeking social acceptance is so important.”以及下面的内容，可以判断此句为该段主题句，说的是同龄压力对个人的影响，故应填individuals。76.moral解析由第三段中的“.in order to satisfy the desire，they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.”可知为了满足愿望，他们可能会不分对错，也就是说缺乏道德

27、感。77.spirit解析由倒数第二段的第三句“Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.”可知同龄压力的积极影响还包括团队精神。78.habits解析由倒数第二段中的“.to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.”可知这里是说养成好的习惯。79.independent解析由最后一段中的“They teach kids to stand up and be themselves.”可知孩子们应该学

28、会独立，即independent。80.no解析由最后一段中的“.encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.”可知对于那些他们认为错的事情要礼貌地拒绝，即对那些错的或者不合法的事情说“不”。(三)(2013江苏)Quiet Virtue：The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)being punctual，careful in doing work，selfdisciplined，and scrupul

29、ous(一丝不苟的)in attending to responsibilitiesare typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen，thepeople who keep things running as they should.They follow the rules，help out，and are concerned about the people they work with.Its the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates peop

30、le who return after an absence，who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves，who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field.In studies of job performance，outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs，from semiskilled labor to sales and management，d

31、epends on conscientiousness.It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization：the secretary whose message taking is perfect，the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer，those wh

32、o were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales.Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲)against the threat of job loss in todays constantly changing market，because employees with this quality are among the most valued.For the sales representatives，their level of conscientiousness mattere

33、d almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are.Their reputation for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work，giving them higher evaluations than objective measu

34、res of their performance would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves，they can hold other people to their own standards，and so be overly judgmental when others dont show the same high levels of model

35、behavior.Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious，for example，tended to criticize coworkers even about failures that When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations，it can discourage creativity.In creative professions like art or adve

36、rtising，openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性)are scarce and in demand.Success in such occupationscalls for a balance，however；without seemed unimportant to those they criticized，which damaged their relationships.enough conscientiousness to follow through，people become mere dreamers，with nothing

37、 to show for their imaginativeness.71.strict解析归纳总结题。第一段讲述了认真尽责的一些表现：being punctual，careful in doing work，selfdisciplined，and scrupulous(一丝不苟的)in attending to responsibilities守时、工作细心、自律，在承担责任方面一丝不苟，这些都说明认真尽责的人对自己要求很严格。72.helpful/good解析信息转换题。第一段的“Its the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or upd

38、ates people.”说明认真尽责的人对别人是有帮助的(helpful)或是有好处的(good)。73.Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance解析归纳总结题。文章的第二、三、四段讲述了认真尽责的好处和重要性。74.running/working/going/operating/functioning解析归纳总结题。由首段的“.the people who keep things running as they should.”可知答案。75.performance(s)解析直接信息题。由第二段的“In studies of job performan

39、ce，outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs.”可知答案。76.fired/dismissed/jobless解析信息转换题。由第三段的“Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲)against the threat of job loss in todays constantly changing market.”可知，认真尽责的人不容易失去工作，此处应转化为动词或形容词，这样便可得到答案。77.problems/troubles解 析 直 接 信 息 题。由 第 五 段 的 第 一 句“B u t

40、 conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.”可知，这里讲的是认真尽责所产生的一些问题等。78.higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced解析归纳总结题。由第四段的“.giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of.”可知答案。79.tense/damaged/poor/bad解 析 归 纳 总 结 题。由 第 五 段 的“.o v e r l y judgmental.tended t

41、o criticize coworkers.”可知，他们对同事要求过严，容易批评同事，从而造成关系紧张。80.discourage/affect/damage解析直接信息题。由第六段的“.it can discourage creativity.”可知答案。解题步骤与突破方法一、任务型阅读的解题步骤1.略读。快速浏览全文，理清文章基本结构，了解文章的框架及每段大意。2.扫读。扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容，准确定位填空的要求，以便带着问题寻找答案。3.细读。深入理解文章内容，分析整合信息，准确表达。归纳概括，转换信息正确表述。4.复查。通观全篇，复读检查。二、复习中应注意培养解题能力1.培养词形

42、转换能力，如：用所给词语的适当形式填空。(1)The car rushed down the road at astonishing speed.(astonish)(2)The postal service here is very unreliable.(serve)(3)The exam was relatively easy.(relative)常见的词性转换有：说明举例动词转化为名词，这类动词变为名词后，常跟have，make，take等词搭配表示一个动作have a look(talk，wash，swim，rest，dream，laugh，ride，dance，interview，

43、etc.)make a study(guess，visit，call，change，answer，reply，promise，request，etc.)take a seat(drive，look，bath，etc.)表具体实物的名词可转化为动词a drop of water(水)，water the flowers(浇)；a map of Europe(地图)，map the South Pole(绘制地图)；a bicycle chain(链条)，chain a boat to a tree(拴住)表身体部位或某类人的名词可转化为动词The stone hit him on the hea

44、d.(头)Head straight for the factory.(朝向)The nurse on duty is nursing the patient(护理)表抽象概念的名词可转化为动词Time is a bird for ever on the wing.(时间)Take a deep breath and Ill time you.(计时)有些形容词可作动词用Your watch is five minutes slow.(慢的)Slow down your car in the crowded streets.(放慢)Lets sit in the shade and get c

45、ool.(凉爽的)Open the windows to cool the room.(使凉爽)2.培养英语释义与概括能力，如：根据提示用意义相同的词完成各句，每空一词。(1)The boy felt uncomfortable with his new classmates.(not comfortable)(2)If you ignore your diet，trouble will follow.(pay no attention to)(3)At any rate，the medical supplies will reach you within a week.(things suc

46、h as food，medicines，etc.that are needed by a group of people)3.培养逆向思维能力。如：根据提示用意义相反的词完成各句，每空一词。(1)I am unable to cycle to school because my bicycle is broken.(able)(2)There has been a steady decrease in population in this city.(increase)(3)The rough road made the car vibrate.(smooth)4.培养语篇结构解读能力。如：利

47、用完形填空和阅读理解的文章，在阅读后，写出文章主题，段落大意，自己动手绘制语篇结构图，以增强语篇结构解读的能力。三、复习建议学生在做任务型阅读时常遇到的困难是：难以理解文章结构与图表；难以用适当的词或词的适当形式填空；不会概括；方法不当，信心不足等等。因此，在备考复习时要有的放矢地进行训练，特别要在以下几个方面注意积累经验。1.学会查读(1)带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记；(2)留意最醒目的字眼(time，age，number，place.)；(3)依据信息词搜索所需要的内容。如：5WH：who，what，when，where，why，how；时间先后：first，then，after

48、 that，next，finally；因果：because，thus，lead to，caused by，as a result of；比较：similarly，differently，like，unlike，but，while，however，instead，on the contrary。2.学会组织、表述信息(1)用名词所有格代替of。如：the citizens longer living代替the longer living of the citizens(2)词性转换。如：原文：Taking a gap year and going to university offer valu

49、able experience in similar ways.转换成表格中：Similarities between taking a gap year and going to university.(3)句子结构转换。如：原文：One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit；the other likely development will be a change in the proportion of the nations workforce.转换成三个词以内的名词短语：family unit c

50、hange；workforce proportion change(注意抓住句子中传达主要信息的关键词)(4)另选其他词来释义。如：原文：.The ministry warned that thefts and robberies inside or near banks rose rapidly，with the victims mostly women and elderly people.It advised people not to take large amount of cash while traveling，especially during the approaching