小学英语语法完美版-课件(同名779).ppt

1、小学英语语法完美版2一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词八、there be结构九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行时4.一般将来时十一、“wh”的特殊疑问句3一、名词名词名词具体名词具体名词抽象名词抽象名词普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词名词名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词单数单数复数复数4英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人

2、或数）。）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。只有可数名词才有复数形式。只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词的数：名词的数：5名词复数形式的构成名词复数形式的构成不规则名词的复数不规则名词的复数由元音字母的变化构成：由元音字母的变化构成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是但也可以是fishes)有些名词变成复数时加有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxen6Practise peach_ 2

3、.zoo _3.glass _4.fox _5.lady _6.policewoman _7.house _8.photo _9.monkey _10.wife _11.rose _ 12.path _13.judge _ 14.map _peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps7二、人称代词主格：I we you she he it they宾格：me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its th

4、eir名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs 第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称后跟名词后跟名词能够在句子中独立作能够在句子中独立作主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语8Practise_(他)is my brother.2.I had a letter from _(她).3.Its all right;its only _(我).4.Today _(我们)went in _(我们的)car;tomorrow _(我们)are going in _(他们的).5._(我)lend _(我的)books gladly to _(我的)f

5、riends and to _(你的).6.Can you help _(我)with _(我的)English.7.When _(你)go to see _(你的)father,please take these books to _(他).8._(他们)found _(它)difficult to learn German.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit910所有格所有格所有格的形式所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加单数人称名词末尾加 schild-childs以以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加结尾的单数人称名词末尾加swai

6、tress-waitresss不规则的复数人称名词末尾加不规则的复数人称名词末尾加schildren-childrens以以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls以以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加结尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess下列情况一般用下列情况一般用“of”结构：结构：东西东西(没有现成的复合名词时没有现成的复合名词时):the book of the film2.东西的一部分东西的一部分:the bottom of the box3.抽象的概念抽象的概念:the price of success4.当当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时

7、：短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?双重双重 s结构也可以用于结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：结构之后，如：a friend of my fathers,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：一个限定词，又如：this son of mine,a friend of yours,a cousin of hers等等。等等。Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has

8、told me the same Joke five times.11冠词不定冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词单数可数名词复数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词前可不用冠词名词前可不用冠词12不定冠词的用法：不定冠词的用法：表示表示“一一”，“任何一个任何一个”或或“不管哪一个不管哪一个”的意思。的意思。I have a sister and two brothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：在某些度量表示法中：We have PE lessons three times a week.3.用在单数的表语名词前，

9、以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。George wants to be an engineer.4.在以在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。What a pretty girl!5.一些常用短语中。一些常用短语中。have a good time,half an hour,have a headache.13定冠词的用法：定冠词的用法：用来表示用来表示“独一无二独一无二”的意思。的意思。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2.表示表示“说话的

10、人刚刚提到过的人或事物说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。There is a boat in the river.The boat is made of wood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。the letter from America,the fourteenth of April4.用在泛指的乐器名词前。用在泛指的乐器名词前。He plays the piano.5.一些常用短语。一些常用短语。by the way,in the morning,Whats the matter?14零冠词的用法：零冠词的用法：泛指的抽象名词前。泛指的抽象名词

11、前。Life is very hard for some people.2.泛指的物质名词前。泛指的物质名词前。Water is very useful.3.泛指的复数名词前。泛指的复数名词前。Books are my best friends.4.泛指的泛指的“餐餐”名前。名前。Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.5.大多数的专有名词前。大多数的专有名词前。He comes from France.6.语言的名词前。语言的名词前。She can speak French.7.在季节和节日的名词前。在季节和节日的名词前。Winter is the bes

12、t time for skating.8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。My brother is a soldier.9.在体育项目的名词前。在体育项目的名词前。play basketball10.一些常用短语。一些常用短语。at home,go to school,at night151.There is _notebook on my desk.I use _ notebook to keep a diary.2.There is _bottle on the table._ water in it is sweet.3.Wangs mother is _Eng

13、lish teacher.She teaches in _ primary school.4.China is _ ancient country with _ long history.5.China has _ population of 12 hundred million._ Chinese people are _ great people.6.Her mother is _ university teacher.She is _ honest woman.7.None of _books should be taken out of _ room without _ permiss

14、ion of _ librarian.8._Party always teaches us to work for _ people heart and soul.9.She studies at _No.3 Middle School.She goes to _ school by _ bus every day.10.My elder sister is _student of _ English.She studies at _ college.11._ Monday before _ Spring Festival was very cold.12.Have you had _dinn

15、er?PractiseatheaTheantheanatheThe/aanthethethe/The/aaThe/16四、动词四、动词 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词动词、情态动词can等。等。17Be动词am,is,arewas,werebeen18Practise1.He _ very good at English.2.My father and I _ going to Beijing

16、 next month.3._ you on duty the day before yesterday?4.Mr.King _ in London two weeks ago.5.There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo.6.What _ the date yesterday?7.Look!A little girl _ flying a kite.8.Who _ not at school last Monday?9.Have you ever _ to Japan?10.I _ not a nurse.I work as a doctor.isar

17、eWerewasarewasiswasbeenam19动词的基本形式20第三人称单数现在式 动词动词be和和have的第三人称单数现在式的第三人称单数现在式分别是分别是is和和has。21动词的过去式22现在分词23hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise24五、动词的时态动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的

18、一种动词形式。小学阶段所学的时态有：小学阶段所学的时态有：一般现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/are working3.一般过去时：worked4.一般将来时：am/is/are going to work25一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。目前的状态。常与时间副词连用：常与时间副词连用：always,often,usually,every,on Sundays,twice a week等。等。基本结构26现在进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有进

19、行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。持续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：now,these days,look,listen等。等。基本结构基本结构27一般过去时通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,last,ago,just now,in 1998等。等。基本结构基本结构28一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来

20、的时间状语连用：常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow,next,Be going to do表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示做某事；也可以表示“预见预见”，即现在已有迹象表，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。基本结构基本结构29Peter _(play)basketball twice a week.2.Do you believe what he _(say)just now?3.Look!The lazy cat _(sleep)in the sofa.4.There _(be)a book

21、 and two pens on the desk.5._you _(see)a film tomorrow morning?6.She _(not play)the guitar at the moment.7.What _his father usually _(do)in the evening?8.They _(have)a meeting next week,arent they?9.Both he and I _(be)teachers.10.I _(not feel)very well yesterday.11.He put on his coat and _(go)out.12

22、.Lei Feng often _(help)others and he was helpful.Next Sunday,we _(clean)up the park.14.Hurry!Your mother _(wait)for you at the school gate.Practiseplayssaidis sleepingisAregoing to seeisnt playingdoesdoare going to havearedidnt feelwenthelpsare going to cleanis waiting六、介词六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系

23、。不能单独作句介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。方位介方位介词词in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,in front of,next to,between时间介时间介词词in,on,at,after,before,fromto,past,between 其它其它of,by,with,into,out of,f

24、or,Practise1.Look _ the picture.Its picture_ my school.2.There is a school building _ my school.It has five floors._ the school building,there is a big playground._school,the children always play ball games there.3.My classroom is_ the fifth floor.Its big and clean.4.Miss Li is our class teacher.She

25、 comes _ school early every morning.She comes _bicycle.Then she does morning exercises _us.She likes sports.Tomorrow is her birthday.We will make a card _ her.We love her very much.5.There are some apples _ the tree.6.Wheres your study?Its next _ my bedroom.7.The car _ the tree is Jacks.8.The ball i

26、s_ the door,so you cant see it.9._ _ _the house,there are many trees.10.Listen!Someone is knocking _the door.11.There is something wrong _ my computer.atofinNearAfterontobywithforontounderbehindIn front ofatwith七、数词 表示数目的词称为基数词表示数目的词称为基数词 表示数目顺序的词称为序数词表示数目顺序的词称为序数词112的基数词的基数词：one,two,three,four,five

27、,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319的基数词：的基数词：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen2090的基数词：的基数词：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety2129的基数：的基数：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-nine

28、 thirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven.-teen-ty十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-”2.百位数：百位数：one hundred,two hundred,three hundred,four hundredfive hundred and eight-six,six hundred and ninety-nine,seven hundred and eight,eight hundred and one3.千位数：千位数：one thousand,four thousand,seven thousand one hundre

29、d and five百位数和十位数之间加百位数和十位数之间加and。注意注意 英语中没有英语中没有“万万”这个单位，所以常用这个单位，所以常用thousand来表示。来表示。ten thousand,thirty thousand,fifteen thousand one hundred,five hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty-two英语序数词第英语序数词第1-19除了除了first,second与与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀基数词加后缀-th构成。构成。注意：注意：fifth,ei

30、ghth,ninth和和twelfth的拼法。的拼法。2.十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的中的y变为变为i，然后加后缀然后加后缀-eth,如：如：twentytwentieth,fortyfortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用数词，中间用“-”连字符。如：连字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、万等的序数词由百、千、万等的序数词由hundred,thousand

31、,million等加等加-th,前面加前面加有关的基数词构成。如：有关的基数词构成。如：one hundredth,one thousandth 注意：序数词前的注意：序数词前的one不能用不能用a代替。代替。one hundred and twenty-firstPractise1.There are _ days in a year.A.three hundreds sixty-five B.three hundreds and sixty-five C.three hundred and sixty-five D.three hundred and sixty five2._people

32、 visit this museum every day.A.Hundred B.Hundreds C.Hundred of D.Hundreds of3.There are two_ people in the meeting room.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred of4._ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A.Thousands of B.Two thousands C.Thousand of D.Two thousand of5.My bro

33、ther is in_.A.Three Class,One Grade B.Class Three,Grade One C.Grade One,Class Three D.class three,grade one6.We are going to learn_ this term.A.book six B.six book C.the book six D.Book Six 7.We can say the number 78,645 in English like this_.A.seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B

34、.seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C.seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D.seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-fiveCDAABDC8.The year 1999 should be read The year_.A.nineteen and ninety-nine B.nineteen ninety-nine C.one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D.ni

35、neteen hundred and ninety-nine9.He will come here _ tomorrow morning.A.at fifth B.at ten C.on two D.till tenth 10.Every day he begins to do his homework _.A.at ten past seven B.at seven pass tenC.on ten past seventh D.until ten 11.We all like the_ boy.A.of ten years old B.ten-year-old C.at ten old D

36、.of age of ten 12.There are_ months in a year.December is the _ month of the year.A.twelve;twelve B.twelve;twelfth C.twelfth;twelve D.twelve;twelveth 13.During_ century,the world population has already reached 6 billion.A.twenty B.the twentieth C.twentieth D.the twenty14.Jenny was born_.A.on July 10

37、,1987 B.in July 10,1987 C.in 1987,July 10 D.on 1987,July 10 BBABBBA八、形容词和副词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。句的词。He is a good student.2.The film is very interesting.3.There is something wrong with the bike.4.Lucy is older than Helen.The problem i

38、s very difficult.2.He wrote the letters carefully.方式副词：方式副词：carefully,quickly,suddenly 2.地点副词：地点副词：here,there,up,down3.时间副词：时间副词：yesterday,today,now4.程度副词：程度副词：very,quite,much,just形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级的用法1.用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比比更更一些一些”的意思，通常用一个由从属连词的意思，通常用一个由从属连词than引导的状语从句来表示和什引导的状语从句来

39、表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：Helen is taller than Lucy.He got more information than I did.He runs faster than I.2.如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用“as+形容词形容词/副词副词+as”,形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否定形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否定比较时，可以用比较时，可以用not asas,not soas,也可以用也可以用lessthan，如：，如：J

40、immy is as tall as his father.I dont write as/so well as Helen.This film is less interesting than that one.比较级的用法3.为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用“双重比较双重比较”的方的方法，这种结构后面不可跟法，这种结构后面不可跟than引导的比较状语从句。如：引导的比较状语从句。如：He is crying harder and harder.Our country gets more and more beautiful.Computers are g

41、etting smaller and smaller,and computing faster and faster.4.表示两个变化是一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和表示两个变化是一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和the一一起用，表示起用，表示“越越，就越，就越”的意思。如：的意思。如：The higher the mountain is,the thinner the air is.The earlier you start,the sooner you will be back.Practise1.Shanghai is _than Beijing.It is _ city in our co

42、untry.(large)2.Bill isnt as _ as Mike.Tom is _ than Mike.Who is _ of the three boys?(old)3.Mary draws as _ as Bill,and she is much _ than him at singing.(well,good)4.Spring is coming.The weather is getting _ and _.(warm)5.Tom,Jon and I bought a computer each last week.Johns computer is much _ than T

43、oms and mine.It is _ of the three.(expensive)6.It is a little _ today than yesterday.(wet)7.Mrs Brown is much _ than she was two years ago.(healthy)8.Which do you like _,basketball,volleyball,or football?(well)largerthe largestoldolderthe oldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermore expensivethe most expensivew

44、etterhealthierbestBeijingers are true _ to the world.(friend)2.Look!How _ Kitty is laughing!(happy)3.I think July is _ than any other month in our country.(hot)4.She always listens to the teacher _ in class.(care)5.The park is one of the _ parks in Beijing.(beautiful)6.She speaks English,but not as

45、_ as his brother.(good)7.I was _ by the _ sound.(frightened,frightening)8.The music sounds _.(beautiful,beautifully)9.Dont make so much noise,or you will wake up the _ boy.(sleeping,asleep)10.Yesterdays concert was wonderful.Ive never heard such an _ one before.(excited,exciting)Practisefriendlyhapp

46、ilyhottercarefullymost beautifulwellfrightenedfrighteningbeautifulsleepingexcitingThere be 的结构肯定句：肯定句：There is/was a There are/were 一般疑问句一般疑问句:Is/Was there?Yes,there is/was.No,there isnt/was.Are there?Yes,there are/were.No,there arent/werent.否定句：否定句：There isnt/wasnt.There arent/werent.There be表示表示“存

47、在有存在有”,即当我们告诉某人某事存在即当我们告诉某人某事存在(或不或不存在存在)常用这种结构。其中常用这种结构。其中there是引导词是引导词,本身无词义本身无词义;be为谓为谓语动词语动词,后面跟的是名词后面跟的是名词,也就是主语也就是主语,也就是说也就是说there be结构结构的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在there be 之之后。后。There be 的结构 Some 和和 any 一般情况下，一般情况下，some用于肯定句中，用于肯定句中，any用于否定句中。如：用于否定句中。如：There is some milk in th

48、e bottle.There arent any pictures on the wall.Is there anything new in todays newspaper?3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：Whats in the basket?There are some eggs in it.2)How many students are there in your class?There are fifty students.2.Be动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则：动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则：There is a pen and two pencils in the box.There a

49、re some students and a teacher in the classroom.Practise1There _ no tea in the cup Ais Bare Chas Dbe 2There_ in the next room Ais Tom Bare some boys Care they Dis the boy 3There is some _on the plate Aapple Bbread Cbanana Dsandwich 4There _ some paper and a pen on the desk Ais Bare Chave Dhas 5There

50、s going to _ in tomorrows newspapers Ahave something new Bhave new something Cbe something new Dbe new something 6There is some milk in the bottle，_？Aisnt there Barent there Cisnt it Dare there 7 _ is there on the table？AHow many apples BHow much bread CHow much breads DHow many food 8There is _ old