牛津译林版2020高一英语-必修一-Unit1-Back-to-school-知识点学案(DOC 18页).doc

1、 学生姓名： 辅导内容： U1 教学目标：重点单词：focus/detail/base/remind/aim/proposal/exchange/contribution重点短语：as a result of重点句型：sothat”意为 “如此以至于/过去分词作状语【同步知识梳理】知识点1：focus n. 焦点，重点，中心点用法解析及拓展：课文原句： Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 设定目标会让你的生活有重点。例：Our main focus is on helping people get back into work. 我们关注的重点是帮

2、助人们再就业。vt. & vi. (把)集中于；调节（的）焦距；使聚焦常用搭配： focus on 集中（注意力，精力等）于 focus ones attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中到某事上近义短语：center on （注意力）集中到（=be centred on） concentrate on 把注意力集中于，全神贯注于 fix ones attention /eyes/ mind on 把注意力/ 双眼/ 思想集中于上（常用语被动语态）例题训练：With the attention _(focus) on the task,they had no time to ta

3、ke part in the party.focused 知识点2：detail n. 细节，具体情况，详情用法解析及拓展：课文原句：To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. 为了实现你的目标，你需要有一个好的计划，管理好你的时间，并关注细节。常用搭配： in detail 详细地（放在句末做状语） go into detail(s) 详细叙述 for further details 欲知详情 例：For further det

4、ails, you can read the next chapter first.知识点3：as a result of 由于用法解析及拓展：课文原句：As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life. 有了你的行动，你的梦想就会实现，你也有希望过上幸福的生活。特别注意：as a result “结果，因此”，单独做状语例：As a result, humans developed a range of character types that stil

5、l exists today. 结果，人类形成了至今仍存在的一系列的性格类型。拓展：result in+ 结果，导致，造成 result from + 原因（由而）造成例句：The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles. We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past. 例题训练：Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result _ doing too much shopping.His failu

6、re resulted _ not working hard enough.of;from知识点4：base vt. 以为基础（依据） n. 根据，基础，基地，总部，大本营，底部用法解析及拓展：课文原句： Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills. 相反，你应该基于你的能力和技巧来定目标。常用搭配：be based on / upon 以为根据/ 基础例：Being an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret i

7、t sooner or later. = Based on emotion rather than on reason, your important decision will make you regretful sooner or later. 把重要的决定建立在情感之上，而不是理性之上，你早晚要后悔的。联想词：basic adj. 基本的，基础的，根本的 basically adv. 基本的，从跟本上说 basis n. 基础 （pl.） bases例题训练：_(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you

8、 will regret it sooneror later.Basing知识点5：remind vt.提醒, 使想起用法解析及拓展：课文原句： This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. 这会让你想到你再为什么而努力并且让你精力集中。常见用法： remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事，是某人想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that 提醒某人.例：The pictures will remind me of the days

9、when we were in our hometown. 这些照片让我想起我们在故乡的日子。 I have to remind myself that some birds arent meant to be caged. Their feathers are just too bright. 我得经常提醒自己，有些鸟儿是关不住的，他们的羽毛太鲜亮了。例题训练：The letter was an uncomfortable _(remind) of my debts.reminder知识点6：proposal propose vt. 提议；建议 suggestion / recommenda

10、tion / advice （同义词） 用法解析及拓展：原文：Proposal for a new club成立新俱乐部的提议、 n. 提议，建议，动议；求婚put forward/ come up with a proposal 提出建议make a proposal 提出建议；求婚 propose (doing) sth. 提议(做)某事propose that （should）do 提议/建议做Howcouldyoumakeaproposalwithoutaring?你怎么可以去求婚而不带上戒指呢？Hewasthe firstpersontoproposetheconstructiono

11、fthe bridge.他是第一个提议建这座桥的人。She proposed that the book should be banned.她提议查禁这本书例题训练：He_whichwas worthconsideration.他提出一项值得考虑的建议_pay the money from public funds.有人提议用公款支付这笔钱。His proposal that the system _ was rejected.他提的关于修改制度的建议被拒绝了。【答案】 putforwardaproposal It was proposed to should be changed知识点7：a

12、im n. 目的，目标，瞄准用法解析及拓展：课文原句： Club aim: To improve short story writing skills. 俱乐部目的：提高短篇故事的写作技巧。常用搭配： take aim at 瞄准，批评； achieve ones aim 达到某人的目的 with the aim of目的是例：Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. 完成这些目标需要团队合作。 vi. & vt. 力争做到，目的是，针对，瞄准常用搭配： aim to do sth. 力争做到某事 aim at 瞄准，目的在于，针

13、对 be aimed at doing sth. 旨在做某事例：In a word, the programmer aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society. 总之，这个计划的目的是鼓励学生们成为积极的市民并让他们在社会中发挥作用。This activity is aimed at improving the students ability of listening and speaking. 这项活动的目的是为了提高学生的听

14、说能力。例题训练： Weteenagersshould_somethingusefulto thesociety.我们青年人应该以为社会做贡献为目标。 What_inNewYear?在新的一年里你的目标是什么？ Shewent toLondon_ ajob.她去伦敦是为了找工作。 aimatcontributing doyouaimtodo withtheaimoffinding知识点8：exchange n. 交换，交流，兑换用法解析及拓展：课文原句： Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as

15、an exchange student. 去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。常用搭配：in exchange for例：It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them. 公务人员为某些人提供便利以换取礼品或金钱的行为是非法的。 vt. 交换，交流，兑换常见搭配： exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物exchange A for B 用A换B例：If the course fails to provide co

16、mplete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. 如果课程不能让您十分满意，您可以轻松将其换成我们提供的其他任何课程。例题训练：Ive never _those moms.我从来没和那些妈妈们说过话。WouldyoulikemyoldTV_?用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？exchanged words with inexchangeforthiscamera知识点9：alarm n. 闹钟，恐慌，警报，警报器用法解析及拓展：课文原句： I like it

17、so much that I still use it as my alarm！我如此喜欢它以至于我仍然在用它作为我的闹钟！常用搭配：in alarm 惊恐地（常用作状语） raise/ sound the alarm 发出警报 a fire/ smoke alarm 防火/ 烟雾警报器 an alarm clock 闹钟 an alarm system 警报系统例：I turned in alarm as the wind blew the door open. 风把门吹开，我惊慌地转过头看。 vt. 使惊恐，使害怕例：This is an unfortunate aspect of the

18、 Internet that alarms me. 这是英特网一个不利的方面， 使我有些不安。联想词： alarmed adj. 担忧的，恐慌的 be alarmed by/ at sth. 因某事而恐慌 be alarmed to do sth. 做某事而感到恐慌例：I was alarmed to see the men carrying guns. 看到那些人带着枪我感到很恐慌。 alarming adj. 令人担忧的，令人恐慌的例：As we all know, with the development of science and technology, the earths res

19、ources are running out at an alarming rate, so we should make good use of them. 众所周知，随着科技的发展，地球的资源正在以惊人的速度消耗着，因此我们应该充分利用它们。例题训练：_ in the middle of the night. 半夜里一辆汽车的警报器突然响了起来Sheshrieked_whenshesawthe mouse.她看见老鼠时惊恐地尖声喊叫起来。Ourcountrysideis disappearing_.我们的农村地区正在以惊人的速度消亡。 A caralarm went off inalarm

20、 atanalarmingrate知识点10：contribution n. 贡献，捐款，捐赠，稿件用法解析及拓展：课文原句：Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make much of a contribution because sometimes I wasnt able to express myself clearly in English. 课堂讨论在英国很重要，但我做不了多少贡献，因为有时候我无法清楚地用英语表达自己的想法。n.贡献；捐赠；捐款；投稿contribute to 有助于；导致，促

21、成；contribute to 向 投稿/ 捐赠make (great) contributions to 对做出(巨大的)贡献 We contributed 5 000 to the earthquake fund.我们向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑。Thethreesonsalsocontributetothe familybusiness.3个儿子也为家族企业做贡献。Learning Englishmakescontributionstoonesdevelopmenttosome extent.英语也为个人发展做出一定得贡献。联想词： contribute vi & vt. 捐献，捐

22、赠；（给报纸，杂志）撰稿，投稿vi.促成contributor n. 投稿人，捐款人，促成者例题训练：Were notsaying thateveryoneneeds to_.我们并不是要每个人都必须为穷人奉献生命。Ibelieve thateachofuscan_ thefutureoftheworld.我相信我们每一个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。Ipersuaded myself thatI could_.我相信我能为祖国作出贡献。contributetheirlivestothe poor contributeto makecontributionstothe motherland 知识

23、点11： fortunately 用法解析及拓展：原文：Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement. 幸运的是，我的老师和同学们一直乐于助人，给了我很多鼓励。 （教材P12）adv. 幸运的；辛亏make a fortunate 发财try ones fortunate 碰运气be fortunate in 在某方面幸运be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事Iwas late,butfortunatelythe meetinghad

24、ntstarted.我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。Iwasfortunatetobeone oftheluckyuser.我有幸成为幸运网友之一。Webecamecompanions inmisfortune.我们成了患难之交。 联想词：fortune n. 财富；命运；运气 fortunate adj. adj. 幸运的;吉利的 misfortune n. 不幸 unfortunate adj. unfortunately adv. 知识点12：attract vt. 吸引，使喜欢，招引，引起（反应）用法解析及拓展：例：The one that attracted me most was

25、 the Rugby club.最吸引我的是英式橄榄球俱乐部。常见搭配： attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意 attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某物例：Professor David Wilson thinks that it can attract the polices attention to group behavior. 戴维威尔逊教授认为它可以吸引警察关注群体行为。联想词：attraction n. 吸引力，有吸引力的事，向往的地方 tourist attraction 风景区 attractive adj. 有吸引力的知识点13：过去分

26、词作状语原文： Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.相反，你应该根据你的能力和技能来设定目标。用法解析及拓展：本句中“based on your abilities and skills”是过去分词作方式状语。过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。可以表示时间，原因，条件，让步，结果等。Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, his face turned red. （时间状语）当他被问及发生了什么的时候，他的脸红了。Frightened (Be

27、cause she was frightened) by the horror movie, the girl didnt dare to sleep alone. （原因状语）因为被惊悚电影吓坏了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. （条件状语）如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。Left (Although he was left) at home, John didnt feel afraid at all. （让步状语）虽然John被单独留在房间里

28、, 他一点都不害怕。 She walked out of the house, (and she was) followed by her little daughter. （伴随状语）她走出房子，后面跟着她小女儿。例题训练：_, water changes into steam. 当加热时，水变成水蒸气。 _what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with.), the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。_ in rich soil, these seeds ca

29、n grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。_ a hundred times, he still cant understand it. 即使给他解释一百篇，她还是不会明白。She sat by the window, _ in thought.When heated Satisfied with Grown Explained lost知识点14：sothat 引导结果状语从句原文： I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！我是那么的喜欢它以至于我仍然拿它当闹钟！用法解析及拓展：本句中“sothat”意为 “

30、如此以至于”so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；that引导结果状语从句。具体形式如下：so + adj./adv + that 从句so +adj.+ a/an+ 可数名词单数 + that 从句so + many/ few/ much/ little + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词 + that 从句例：The stone is so heavy that I cant lift it up.This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.There were so many people in the street watchi

31、ng the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.备注： so that 也可以连在一起使用；可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句；引导目的状语从句相当于 “in order that”Sheburnedthe letterssothatherhusbandwould neverreadthem.Youve adjustedthemicroscopesothatitreflects!such that 中such 常用来修饰名词，具体形式如下：such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that从句s

32、uch + adj. + 不可数名词 + that从句such + adj. + 可数名词复数 + that从句She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her.It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.例题训练：他是如此聪明的一个孩子以至于老师们都很喜欢他 _ _ He is so clever that teachers l

33、ike him very much. He is such a clever boy that teachers like him very much.【同步语法梳理】句子成分和句子结构一句子成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。1. 主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 指出下列句子中的主语及它的

34、性质：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an Englis

35、h test has not been decided. country music （名词） We （代词） One-third （数词） To swim （不定式） Smoking （动名词） The rich （名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test （主语从句）2谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构

36、成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.3. 表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 指出下列句子中的表语及它的性质：Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? The weather

37、has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one? His job is to teach English. His hobby is playing football. The machine must be out of order. Time is up. The class is over. The truth is that he has never been abroad. American （名词） yours （代词） cold. （形容词） exciting （分词） twenty

38、 one exciting （数词） to teach English（不定式） playing football（动名词） out of order（介词短语） up/ over.（副词） that he has never been abroad（表语从句）4. 宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。指出下列句子中的宾语及它的性质：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. How many diction

39、aries do you have? I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office. exhibition （名词） me （代词） five （数词） the old （名词化形容词） not to see me （不定式短语） listening to popular music （动名词短语） liste

40、ning to popular music（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.5. 宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。指出下列句子中的宾补及它的性质：His father named him Dongming. The

41、y painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now. Dongming （名词） white （形容词） in（副词） to lend his money to you（不定式短语） entering the

42、 room（现在分词） in good order（介词短语） what your city is now（从句）6. 定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。指出下列句子中的定语及它的性质：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers is our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor

43、 is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English. beautiful（形容词） developing/ developed （代词） women （名词） His （代词） to enter the classroom （不定式短语） teaching （动名词） about how to learn English.（介词短语）7. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）