国开大学2022年01月2157《英语阅读(3)》期末考试参考答案.pdf

1、试卷代号：2157 国家开放大学2021年秋季学期期未统一考试英语阅读(3)试题2022年1月注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场。二、仔细读懂题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。Part I Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the cont

2、ext.The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets.Write A,B,or C on your answer sheet.(30 points,3 points each)Passage 1 Aging Crisis in China 1 Aging,says Alex Kalche,Head of the Programme on Aging at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,is the number one problem in

3、 the world.And if it is not addressed now,there will be serious consequences.It is the number one problem because the numbers of people over 60and particularly those over 80-are growing fast.The rapid aging trend in Chinas population also poses immediate challenges to Chinese society.How can China f

4、ace this challenge?As the social structure changes in terms of demographics,so will tradition.2 In 1959 there were 200 million people over 60 in the world,accounting for 8 percent of the total population.It is predicted that in China,by 2000,the number of retired people will be several times that of

5、 the mid-90s.In 2020 they will have increased by several times again.The problem is that as more and more people live longer and their numbers increase both in actual numbers and relative to the general population,there will be fewer people to care for them.The dependency ratio,as it is called,is al

6、so affected by the fact that women,who have been the traditional caretakers of the elderly,are becoming more career-oriented and are not at home to care for their parents.3 One solution is senior homes.Traditionally,it is considered a Chinese virtue for 咖ldrento take care of their parents.But if peo

7、ple are working long hours,older parents feel lonely at home.At senior citizen centres,they can get good care from the nurses,who are also willing to listen to their stories.When I first came here,I complained about my daughter s decision.But gradually,I began to like this place,Wei W enkuei,86,said

8、.The nurses are more attentive than a house maid,and the food is good.Wei is staying at the Peixin Senior Citizens centre in Nanshi District.There are only three senior centres in the Dongjiadu Neighbourhood in Nanshi District,which is not enough for more than 20,000 people over the age of 60.Howeve

9、r,the neighbourhood has about 15,000 laid-off women workers who are eager for jobs,and the area expects to open several new centres in the near future.The government is not only encouraging individuals to run senior citizens homes,but the government itself is building centres.(2157号）英语阅读(3)试题第1页（共8页

10、）4 Some say that these homes isolate the elderly from the rest of society and that keeping an intergenerational bond is necessary for a rich,wise society.Another model which helps old people to live more independently is known as care in the community.A unique example of this is the SOS Bells for th

11、e Elderly system which was introduced in Changqiao Neighbourhood in the Western District in 1996,and has proved successful.Families were encouraged to volunteer to form mutual help pairs with elderly people who had no children nearby to care for them.Bells were affixed at the bedside of lonely and i

12、ll senior citizens and connected to the home of the pair household.When the bell rings,the helper goes at once.In May 1997,the Beijing Committee for the Elderly had emergency bells installed in 297 homes in Beijings 10 districts.5 Although larger social welfare system reform needs to be undertaken,t

13、hese changes in the traditional way of caring for old people show a China which is ready and willing to deal with change in a creative way.Now that over-population and the aging crisis are seen as problems by modern society world-wide,it is important that the elderly are not ignored,alienated or mis

14、treated,but rather treasured for their great store of experience.These are problems that need thoughtful solutions.Questions 110 are based on Passage 1.1.addressed(paragraph 1)A.discussed C.named 2.consequences(paragraph 2)A.results C.problems 3.accounting for(paragraph 2)A.giving explanations C.tak

15、ing up 4.care for(paragraph 2)A.like C.pay attention to 5.affected(paragraph 2)A.influenced C.increased 6.willing(paragraph 3)A.eager C.prepared B.solved B.reasons B.coming from B.take care of B.decreased B.unhappy(2157号）英语阅读(3)试题第2页（共8页）7.attentive(paragraph3)A.careless C.hard-working 8.run(paragra

16、ph 3)A.join C.move fast 9.isolatefrom(paragraph 4)A.separatefrom C.takefrom 10.mistreated(paragraph 5)A.treat well C.treat badly Part II B.caring B.manage B.preventfrom B.treat carefully Read Passage 2 and choose either A,B or C to complete each of the following statements.Write A,B or C on your ans

17、wer sheet.(30 points,3 points each)Passage 2 Data on Ocean Floors 1 At the waters edge of Baltimore Harbor,two freshly painted gray ships await to be sent out on their next mission.These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution.They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and seemingly li

18、mitless demand for Internet,voice and video services,projected to be a$1 trillion-a-year global market by 2000.The two ships,C.S.Global Link and its companion the C.S.Global Mariner,are among the most technologically advanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber-optic communications cabl

19、es.They are part of a worldwide fleet,owned by Tyco International Ltd.,that has installed more transoceanic fiber than any other company.2 Most of the worlds telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair-thin capillaries of glass,which stretch from one continent to another along the ocea

20、n floor.In constant pulses of light,coded in the computer language of ones and zeros,they flash millions of phone calls,electronic mail messages,video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed.3 Undersea fiber-optic cables have become one of the most crucial components of todays communications-b

21、ased global economy,despite mid-1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound long-distance communications obsolete.4 Most people really do not realize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea,and that their calls actually go through them,said Rob Jones,captain of the C.S.Global(21

22、57号）英语阅读(3)试题第3页（共8页）Link.There are 228,958 miles(368,472 kilometers)of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the worlds sea,enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times,according to KMI Corp.of Rhode Island.Another 177,717 miles of cable are planned for installation worldwide by 2000,KMI estimates.5 That

23、figure does not count the most ambitious program,Project Oxygen,which backers describe as a$14 billion Super Internet that would pay out 198,844 miles of mainly undersea fiber-optic cable touching 175 countries.Oxygen already has the backing of 30 international tele-communications providers and is s

24、cheduled for completion in 2003.Project Oxygen is the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century,said President John Kestrel of KM I.The internet is a major driver of the expansion.The second driver is the need for video transmissions.6 Global deregulation of telecommunications mar

25、kets is also playing a key role in the subsea fiber boom.Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and governments are opening their markets to competition.Chinese officials,for example,cleverly played 14 competitors off each other in bids to build the first link between China and t

26、he United States-and then ultimately told them all to share the$1 billion contract.7 Phrases such as quantum leap and orders of magnitude frequently come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics.In 1998,when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications,people stopped t

27、alking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands.Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp.of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber-cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors,sending data through each path in a process c

28、alled wave division multiplexing.The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle 2.4 million voice conversations at one timeor hundreds of thousands of compressed video images.The China-U.S.project will handle 4 million calls at once.8 Lucent Technology Inc.,one of the leading fiber optic companies,unvei

29、led the latest breakthrough.The ability to transmit as many as 10 million calls over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16.Lucent says the cables 400-gigabit(billions of computer instructions per second)speed is enough to carry the worlds Internet

30、traffic at any given time on one fiber.One voice phone call requires 64,000 bits.Is there any limit to the capacity increase?Absolutely not,said Neil Tagare,Project Oxygens founder and an undersea fiber veteran,There is in sight.9 And as the boom in fiber-optics continues,the cost of fiber decreases

31、.Each voice circuit in a pre-fiber trans-Atlantic cable in 1987 cost about$40,00 annually to build and maintain,Mr.Kessler said.Today,the cost has dropped to roughly to$100 to$200 per(2157号）英语阅读(3)试题第4页（共8页）-I一circuit,he said.The plunging costs,combined with deregulation and competition in phone mar

32、kets,have made distance meaningless in communicationsand the price of calls.10 Aboard the C.S.Global Link,Captain Jones remains very busy.The ship returned to Blatimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean,after dropping 2,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project,

33、called Fiber Link Around the Globe.Before Bombay,it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing,covering 3,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days.It takes less than two months to install a trans-Atlantic cable.Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific rout

34、e using global positioning satellite navigation systems.The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults,canyons and shipping and fishing routes.If global links continue to grow as they have in the last decade,its going to

35、get kind of crowded down there,says Jones.Questions 11一20are based on Passage 2.11.Tyco International Ltd.A.is a company which owns many ships B.is a telephone and Internet company C.is a company in charge of Project Oxygen 12.Rob Jones A.is captain of the C.S.Global Mariner B.is captain of the C.S.

36、Global Link C.is President of KMI 13.There are of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the worlds seas.A.228,958 kilometers B.177,717 kilometers C.368,472 kilometers 14.Project Oxygen 15.A.is a project of communications in the 21st century B.is described as Super Internet by its backers C.already has

37、the backing of 175 countries were used for telecommunications in 1998.A.Optic fibers C.Glass fibers B.Copper cables 16.The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle at one time.A.2.4 million voice conversations B.hundreds of compressed video images C.2.4 million calls(2157号）英语阅读(3)试题第5页（共8页）circuit,he

38、said.The plunging costs,combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets,have made distance meaningless in communications-and the price of calls.10 Aboard the C.S.Global Link,Captain Jones remains very busy.The ship returned to Blatimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean,after droppin

39、g 2,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project,called Fiber Link Around the Globe.Before Bombay,it helped to lay Atlantic Crossing,covering 3,557 miles of fiber-optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days.It takes less than two months to install a trans-

40、Atlantic cable.Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a spec出croute using global positioning satellite navigation systems.The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults,canyons and shipping and fishing routes.I

41、f global links continue to grow as they have in the last decade,its going to get kind of crowded down there,says Jones.Questions 1120 are based on Passage 2.11.Tyco International Ltd.A.is a company which owns many ships B.is a telephone and Internet company C.is a company in charge of Project Oxygen

42、 12.Rob Jones A.is captain of the C.S.Global Mariner 濬B.is captain of the C.S.Global Link C.is President of KMI 13.There are of fiber-optic cable on the floors of the worlds seas.A.228,958 kilometers C.368,472 kilometers B.177,717 kilometers 14.Project Oxygen.15.A.is a project of communications in t

43、he 21st century B.is described as Super Internet by its backers C.already has the backing of 175 countries were used for telecommunications in 1998.A.Optic fibers C.Glass fibers B.Copper cables 16.The newest trans-Atlantic cable can handle at one time.A.2.4 million voice conversations B.hundreds of

44、compressed video images C.2.4 million calls(2157号）英语阅读(3)试题第5页（共8页）17.One voice phone call requires.A.400-gigabit C.64,ooo bits B.16 billion bits 18.Neil Tagare is.A.President of Tyco International Ltd.B.captain of the C.S.Global Link C.founder of Project Oxygen 19.Which of,the following is NOT true

45、?A.Captain Jones,has nothing to do after boarding the C.S.Global Link.B.The C.S.Global Link returned to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean.C.The C.S.Global Link dropped 2,000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia.20.It takes to install a trans-Atlantic cable.Part Ill A.less than 21 day

46、 C.more 2 months B.less than 2 months Read Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements are true or false.Write T for true and F for false on your answer sheet.(20 points,2 points each)Passage 3 Mario,a lucky dog?1 On his fifty-fifth birthday the President decided to release some prisoners

47、of the same age as a gesture of goodwill.Not too many,but one,say from each of the twenty or 如tyovercrowded prisons in the small state.They would have to be carefully selected so as not to give trouble once they were out,men perhaps had been so_ long in prison that they had ceased to have any real c

48、ontact with the outside world.None of them was to be told in advance of his liberty.2 Mario was therefore astonished when he was called to the Governors office one morning and told he was to be set free next day.He had spent almost three quarters of his life in gaol,working out a life sentence for s

49、tabling a policeman to death.He was a dull-witted man with no relations living and no friends except his prison mates.3 The following morning was clear and bright.Mario was given no opportunity to say goodbye to anyone,but a guard escorted him to the prison gates and wished him good luck.Alone,he se

50、t off up the long white road leading to the town.The traffic,the noise,the absence of the secure prison walls terrified him.Presently he sat down by the side of the road(2157号）英语阅读(3)试题第6页（共8页）to think a little.After he had thought for a long time,for his brain worked slowly,he came to a decision.He