国开大学2018年01月2157《英语阅读(3)》期末考试参考答案.pdf

1、试卷代号:2157国家开放大学(中央广播电视大学)2017年秋季学期开放专科期末考试英语阅读(3)试题2018年1月注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场。二、仔细读懂题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。472 Part 1 Questions 1-10 are based on Passage 1.(30 points I 3 points each)Passag

2、e 1 Searching for Utopia 1 While most of the world seems to be motivated by more money,better televisions,more powerful cars,the highest-tech computers,bigger houses,there are some independent souls who are tired of the rat-race that is,the stressful pressures of working hard to get ahead.Since arou

3、nd 1990,there has been a slow but steady rise in intentional communities in the U.S.An intentional community is a group of people who have chosen to live together with a common purpose.Although quite diverse in philosophy and lifestyle,each of these groups places a high priority on a sense of commun

4、ity.in other words,the fe巳lingof belonging and mutual sllpport.There were 300 intentional communities listed in the 1990 edition of the Intentional Commllnities Directory;by 1995,this had grown to 600,and it is estimated that there are now several thollsand,listed and unlisted,in operation.These com

5、munities vary in size,but in the 600 listed communities in 1995,total population,including children,was estimated at 24,000.2 At first glance,the intentional community movement appears quite diverse.lt is multi-generational,i.e.with ages ranging from children to seniors.They may choose to live toget

6、her on a piece of rural land,in a suburban centre,or in an urban neighbourhood.In some communities,individuals own their own land and house;in others,thes巳thingsare shared.There is a wide variety of choices regarding standard of living-some embrace voluntary simplicity while others have full access

7、to the products and services of today s society.Even the purposes vary widely.For example,communities have been formed to create great family neighbourhoods,to live ecologically sustainable lifestyles,or simply to live with others who share their values.Som巳aresecular while others are committed to a

8、 common religious belief.3 What unites the intentional community movement is its members proud rejection of mainstream consumer values.N巳arlyall communities encourage sharing items members don t need to own privately,for example,washing machines,trucks,swimming pools.Many communities serve as model

9、environmental or teaching centers for sustainable agriculture.For example,The Farm,a large cooperative community in rural Tennessee does not reject competitive business practices but rather,commits to a vision of environmentally friendly business.Members of The Farm work in several small-scale indus

10、tries including solar electronics,solar car research,and a publishing company for alternative books.473 4 An example of an intentional community committed to voluntary simplicity is Vashon Co-Housing Community.Its members choose to live in sma11 unpainted wood houses,shingled with cedar.Uncle Martin

11、 decided to leave New York in 1989 and move his family to the Vashon Co-Housing.He and his family live on little money,dont own a computer,and forbid anything with the Disney label on it.Rather than playing Myst on the computer,the family spends their evening playing old-fashioned card games,or read

12、ing.Residents live in separate dwe11ings but homes are connected by dirt roads,there are 13 acres of communalland,a11 residents attend bimonthly meetings,and every month there is a work party in which everybody pitches in with outdoor chores.5 These communities are the newest expression of the 300-y

13、ear-old American desire to build a non-hierarchical,or equal,community with values uncorrupted by the larger society.It was this desire to form a new,ideal community which brought the Pilgrims to the U.S.in the early 17th century.300 years later,it is still impossible to find a community that has ac

14、hieved perfection.The problems we see out there in the mainstream-greed.dishonesty,egoism,competition,factionalism-all manage to find their way into alternative cultures too.However,intentional communities have a much lower crime rate than their mainstream neighbours,and claim a more caring and sati

15、sfying lifestyle.They are committed to ideals of ecology,cooperation,and family,ev巳nthough they may often fail to reach those ideals perfectly.Their utopian vision provides a challenge to th巴paceand purpose of modern American society.Read Passage 1 and find the definitions for each of the following

16、in the passage.Write your answers on your answer sheet.1.the rat-race:2.an intentional community:3.sense of community:4.multi-generational:5.The Farm:Read Passage 1 again and find which the underlined word(s)in each of the following sentences refer to.6.by 1995,this had grown to 600,and it is estima

17、ted that there are now several thousand.(paragraph 1)7.in others,these things are shared.(paragraph 2)8.Its m巳mberschoose to lie in small unpainted wood houses.(paragraph 4)9.He and his family live on little money,.(paragraph 4)10.They are committed to ideas of ecology,cooperation,and family.(paragr

18、aph 5)474 Part n Questions 11一20are based on Passage 2.(30 points,3 points each)Passage 2 The肌10stInnovative City 1(11)Problems such as poverty,crime,public education,and pollution control plague the majority of the world s cities.Each one,it seems,is struggling to avoid urban disaster.But Curitiba,

19、Brazil,a city of 1.6 million people,is dealing with these problems.This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world s growing urban problems.2(12)Through this program,more than 70%of its trash is recycled-compared with the 25%in Los

20、Angeles.Christano Pinheiro,a seven-year-old boy showshow it s done.At the start of the school year,Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a packet of new notebooks.Each week,he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans.The program helps t

21、he poor.In 1995,th巳cityexchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food,348,000 Easter eggs and 26,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash.Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed styrofoam.Christiano was one of 25,000 poor children who received these supplies.(13)3(14)01d worn out equip

22、ment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment.Like every other city,old,yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba.This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use th巳materialscreatively.Old wooden telephone poles are now reused

23、 in office buildings,bridges and public squares.Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education.Virtually巳verythinghas more than one use,said Mayor Rafael Greca,whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass.It s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things

24、and then teaching p巳oplehow to do it.4(15)The lat巳stadditions are the Lighthous巳sof Learning,based on the great lighthouse and li brary in Alexandria.Egypt,one of the ancient world s seven wonders.The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it,and the e

25、ffect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood.Within six months of being open巳d，it was clear that it was popular.Soon after,a lighthouse was built in each of the city s neighborhoods.5(16)One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home,so 1 use it for all my school projects,said Deucina Co

26、sta,a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks.So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister.Mom lets them comebecause its safe.Now,the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates.They each cost about$180,000.(17)475 6(18)Unlike other cities w

27、here government buildings are located in an often isolated,high rent area,government offices in Curitiba are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets.These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills,get a marri

28、age license,have a haircut,buy groceries or file a police report.And instead of.zoning the city into commercial,institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do,Curitiba s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost.The Citizen Streets

29、 have 600-seat open theaters,sports areas,and classrooms that offer professional training for$1 a course.ln one recent computer class,Marta Penha,a 28-year-old teacher,said she enrolled because the price is right.With my income,this is the only route to advancement.7(19)Short courses on how to make

30、better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers,contractors and merchants.Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator s license.By the end of 1993,34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running.Children get a chance to interact,and learn about their environment.T

31、he activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages.They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops,with profits helping to pay for the facilities.ln small gardens out back,the kids grow vegetables for their snacks.8 We re trying to create a whole new set of attitude

32、s and a sense of involvement in this City,Greca said.(20)Skim Passage 2 and then choose from the following Iist an appropriate sentence to fill in each of the blanks in the passage.A.Environmental efforts were only a small part of the plan for Curitiba.B.To the people of Curitiba,this city is the be

33、st human invention there is.C.Continual migration and lack of city planning has created an unfriendly environment for many cities in the world today.D.Household garbage was not the only reason to begin a recycle program.E.It s cheaper to build libraries than prisons,said Greca.F.The brightly coloure

34、d lighthouses have 5,oOO-volume libraries on the first floor,reading rooms on the second and a guard in a light tower that transmits a strong beam to provide community security.G.Like most other overcrowded and poor cities in the world,Curitiba had a serious garbage problem,until it introduced its g

35、arbage that is not garbage program.H.In 1991,Curitiba built the Free University for the Environment-from old telephone poles.1.Curitiba is now known as the world s recycling capital.J.Curitiba is also taking government to the people.476 Part皿Read Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements

36、 are true or false.Write T for true and F for false on your answer sheet.(20 points,2 points each)Passage 3 Studying the 飞离leather1 The behavior of the atmosphere,which we experience as weather and c1imate,affects our lives in many important ways.It is the reason why no one lives on the South Pole.I

37、t controls when a farmer plants the food we will eat,which crops will be planted,and also whether those crops will grow.The weather tells you what clothes to wear and how you will play after school.It may even affect your emotions.For example,many people say they feel happier on sunny days.2 Weather

38、 is the sum of all the conditions of the air that may affect the earth s surface and its living things.These conditions include the temperature,air pressure,wind,and moisture.Climate-which also refers to thes巳conditionsbut generalIy applies to larger areas and longer periods of time,such as the annu

39、al climate of South America rather than todays weather in New York city-varies around the globe.3 People have always searched the sky for clues about upcoming weather.Throughout the ages,farmers and sailors have looked to the winds and clouds for signs of approaching storms.But no real understanding

40、 o the weather could be achieved without a scientific study of the atmosphere.Such a study depends on being able to measure certain conditions,including pressure temperature,and moisture levels.4 A true scientific examination of weather,therefore,was not possible until th巳development of accurate mea

41、suring instruments,b巳ginningin the seventeenth century.Meteorology-the scienc巳ofstudying the atmosphere-was thus born in 1643 with th巳invention of the barometer,which measur巳satmospheric pressure.The liquid-in-glass thermometer,the hygrometer to measure humidity-the amount of moisture in the air-and

42、 the weather map also were invented during the 1600s.5 With the measurement of these basic elements,scientists began to work out the relationships between these and other atmospheric conditions,such as wind,clouds,and rainfall.Still,their observations failed to show an overall picture of the weather

43、.Such complete weather reporting had to wait two centuries for the rapid transfer of information made possible by the invention of the telegraph during the 1840s.6 Today,th巳forecastsof meteorologists are an international effort.There are thousands of weather statons around the world,both at land and

44、 at sea.Upper-level observations also are made by weather balloons and satellites,which continuously send photographs back to earth.All of this information is relayed to national weather bureaus,where meteorologists plot it on graphs and analyze it.The information is then given to the public through

45、 newspapers and television and radio stations.477 Questions 21-30 are based on Passage 3.21.The behaviour of the atmosphere is also called weather.22.Weather may even influence people s feelings.23.According to the passage,different places have different climates.24.A real understanding of weather t

46、otally depends on the measuring of temperature.25.Meterology was born before 1643.26.The weather map was invented in the seventeenth century.27.The forecasts of weather is an effort by only developed countries.28.Now且days，there are many weather stations at land and at sea.29.Weather balloons are no

47、longer used for weather forecast.30.Television and newspapers are the only news media used for weather forecasts.Part N Read Passage 1 and answer the following questions.Make your answers as short and c1ear as possible.(20 points I 4 points each)Passage 4 Christmas 1 December 25 is celebrated as the

48、 birthday of Christ.No one is certain why this day was chosen.It was probably because,according to the calendar then in use,December 25 was the time of the year when winter days begin to grow longer in the Northern Hemisphere.The sun-worshippers had celebrated this day as the promise of spring.2 Ove

49、r the years,a number of special customs associated with Christmas have grown up.Many of these have been introduced from Europe,while others have their origin in America.3 Christmas music is loved by all w ho hear and sing it every year.Christmas songs,bells,and merry music have been a part of Christ

50、mas for centuries.The Christmas tree is the symbol of the spirit of Christmas in many homes.Trees were not used in English homes until a German prince married Queen Victoria.The prince had the first decorated Christmas tree set up at Windsor Castle in 1841.The first Christmas trees in the New World