国开大学2020年07月2157《英语阅读(3)》期末考试参考答案.pdf

1、试卷代号：2157 国家开放大学2020年春季学期期末统一考试英语阅读(3)试题2020年7月注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场。二、仔细读懂题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。447 Part I Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the

2、context.The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets.Write A,B,or C on your answer sheet.(30 points,3 points each)Passage 1 Communication and Gender in Business 1 According to popular American linguist,Deborah Tannen,communication habits vary depending on individual personality,c

3、ulture,and among other factors,gender.Since male ways of communicating are standard in business,womens ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace.Tannen emphasizes that female and male styles are both valid.Here are some of Tannens main points:2 Conversational styles in boys

4、 and girls show up early.Even 5-year-old boys care about their rank in the group,while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group.Therefore,mens conversational styles often use competition,while women try to keep the appearance of equality.3 Women tend to apologize more than men,a

5、s an attempt to restore the power balance in conversation.When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility,women feel unjustly blamed.4 Western women favor indirect ways of speaking,which is interpreted by Western men as showing insecurity and lack of confidence.However,this

6、 gender difference is also a cultural difference:Japanese business culture demands indirectness,and the direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.5 In business,women are often blamed if they talk like a woman(soft,indirect,cautious),but are also blamed if they

7、 talk like a man Cb ossy,aggressive).6 We have strong negative images of women in authority:Wicked Witch and Mother,so women bosses are judged not as bosses but as women.7 Gender differences show most strongly not in individuals but in group settings.In a group of men and women,women tend to become

8、silent bystanders,while men are active participants.448 8 Males and females in Western culture speak different body languages.Men often spread out their limbs,taking up a lot of space,gesture widely,speak in loud tones,and engage in direct eye contact.These behaviors communicate power and high statu

9、s.Women hold in their limbs,take up little space,make small gestures,speak in soft voices,and lower their eyes frequently.These behaviors give away power and announce low status.9 Males interrupt females much more than they interrupt other males,and more often than females interrupt either mates or

10、females.10 Research has shown that there is nothing natural about male or female language,but that these gender habits simply show the stereotyped role in which society puts men and women.Questions 1一10are based on Passage 1.1.vary(paragraph 1)A.are similar C.are universal 2.valid(paragraph 1)A.acce

11、ptable C.different 3.show up(paragraph 2)A.change C.appear 4.restore(paragraph 3)A.overpower C.bring back to the original position 5.unjustly(paragraph 3)A.unfairly C.uniquely 6.interpreted(paragraph 4)A.translated C.repeated B.are different B.foolish B.are the same B.revenge B.unknownly B.understoo

12、d 449 7.aggressive(paragraph 5)A.unwilling to agree with others C.ready to attack others B.easy to get along with 8.bystanders(paragraph 7)A.outsiders C.participants 9.limbs(paragraph 8)A.arms and legs C.ideas 10.interrupt(paragraph 9)A.push C.cut into the conversation Part Il B.onlookers(旁观者）B.news

13、papers B.apologize to Read Passage 2 and choose either A,B or C to complete each of the following statements.Write A,B or C on your answer sheet.(30 points,3 points each)Passage 2 Translating Fashion 1 Its seven oclock in the morning and Natassia Antipova,a beautiful Russian financial consultant,is

14、getting up in the Moscow apartment where she lives alone and asking herself:What shall I wear today?A decade ago her choices were simpler.Then,there was one kind of mascara,one color eye shadow.Now,Natassias bathroom shelves are stocked with Avon,Estee Lauder,and Nina Ricci.Her closets contain Levis

15、 and Armanis,as well as local brand names.Her awareness of what makes a beautiful woman has been vastly expanded.In Tokyo,on the same day,Maki Ko is doing a presentation for her public relations company.Her trim size 8 figure is zipped into an Italian suit.In her English pocket-book Elizabeth Arden

16、cosmetics share space with products from Shisiedo,the Tokyo-based beauty company.Last year Maki had Japans most popular cosmetic surgery procedure,a rhinoplasty to make her button nose look more Western.The list goes on:The globalization 450 of fashion is one of the phenomena of our time,a vast mark

17、et for those companies who somehow have a look that translates worldwide.2 Theres nothing new,of course,about the process of fashionable imitation.In Roman Britain prosperous natives wore togas.This fashion remained popular for some time.Likewise,after the Norman invasion of Britain in 1066,French s

18、tyles became chic.This kind of fashion trend has been happening for centuries.But what is new is the sheer size and depth of penetration of this global fashion.3 Consider Levi jeans,a company with a brand imprint carried by 2,800 retail companies in 45 countries.Worldwide sales for 1996 were US$7.1

19、billion.Or Estee Lauder,which since it went international in 1960,has penetrated 100 markets and racked up sales of$3.4 billion in 1997.Or take China,whose women were forbidden as recently as 10 years ago to powder their noses-in recent years,the fashion and cosmetics market has expanded by 20 to 30

20、 percent annually.But is this all a plot by greedy designers,manufacturers and fashion editors to clone the world into one image?Alison Lurie,author of The Language of Clothes,thinks not.She says people and cultures themselves decide on what is fashion these days.4 Of far more importance to fashion

21、trends,according to Marc Bourgery an advertising consultant,is the question of how a country entertains itself.He gives the example of Japan,a country that has a love affair with golf and,more recently,with American situation comedies.Japanese people now want to be defined as witty,successful and af

22、fluent,and so that style has become cool and sought after.5 Bourgery,who travels the world in order to advise clients on which images sell best m which countries,thinks that global fashion is not about the West dictating to the East.Rather,it is about a new feeling of internationalism.Armani,for exa

23、mple,does not set out to look authentically Italian,anymore than Chanel wants to look specifically French,observes Bourgery.Instead,their footprint is a look which saysIm elegant,sophisticated,successful,and that translates worldwide.6 What it all adds up to is a world of consumer decision-making,a

24、mix-and-match world where consumers often take what is best from their own country and combine 451 it.Worldwide surveys of beauty practices confirm this point.Russian women confide that not all of them are crazy about the new cosmetic importsenvironmentally conscious teens twenty-some-things,are mad

25、 for the newest line of Russian skin care,Green Mama,made exclusively from herbs and fruits found in the Altai region of Sineria.Beauty-conscious Syrians also claim that their traditional oils and scents are for them a treasure trove of beauty secrets.In their Damascus bathrooms,alongside the modern

26、 cosmetics,are pewter bowls which to mix Henna and bay leaf,honey and olive oil soaps or vials of perfumed oils.7 The cruel truth about what is fashionable is that it cant be clearly defined.Todays concept of fashion draws from a far wider ethnic and national pool than ever before,and its growing da

27、y by day.Questions 11一20are based on Passage 2.11.Russian women have fashion choices compared to a decade ago.A.the same B.more C.fewer 12.Rhinoplastry is popular among women.A.Japanese C.African B.European 13.After the Norman invasion of Britain,styles became popular.A.Japanese C.British B.French 1

28、4.The difference in fashion today is the.A.trend it creates B.choice of styles C.size and penetration 15.Levi jeans does business in countries.A.100 C.45 B.2,800 16.Alison Lurie says are making decisions on fashion these days.452 A.designers and companies C.editors and manufacturers B.people and cul

29、tures 17.Marc Bourgery thinks dictates what global fashion is.A.the East B.the West C.internationalism 18.Armani is most probably a(n)A.Italian C.Japanese brand(商标）name.B.French 19.Today the A.consumer makes fashion choices.C.international market 20.Fashion is A.specific C.expensive Part皿today.B.des

30、igner B.diverse Read Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements are true or false.Write T for true and F for false on your answer sheet.(20 points,2 points each)Passage 3 Advertising 1 In a competitive economy,the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same pro

31、duct.Yet underneath their labels,the products are often nearly identical.One manufacturers toothpaste tends to differ very little from another manufacturers.Thus,manufacturers are confronted with a problem-how to keep sales high enough to stay in business.Manufacturers solve this problem by advertis

32、ing.They try to appeal to consumers in various ways.In fact,advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.2 One type of advertisement tries to appeal to the consumers reasoning mind.It may offer a claim that seems scientific.For example,it may say the de

33、ntists recommend Flash toothpaste.In selling a product,the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth.453 3 Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer.Products that are essential boring,such as insecticide,are often advertised in an amusing way.

34、One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive.For example,the advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products that the consumers associate with fun.4 Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal.In this class are

35、 ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desire.One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people.Many automobile advertisements are in this category.They imply that other people will admire youmay even be jealous-when they see you driving the hot,new Aardvark car.Ano

36、ther powerful desire to which advertisers appeal is the desire for love.This ads for bandages are unlikely to emphasize the way the bandages are made or their low cost;instead the ads may show a mother tenderly binding up and then kissing her small boys cut finger.In the picture there is an open pac

37、kage of Ouch Bandages.The advertiser hopes the consumer will mentally insert an equal sign to create the equation Ouch Bandages=love.5 One only needs to look through a magazine or watch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these three different advertising strategies.Questions 2130 are based on

38、 Passage 3.21.Consumer usually has the choice of several different products of the same brand in a competitive economy.22.The products are more or less the same although they have different labels.23.Manufacturers have to advertise their products in order to stay in business.24.According to the pass

39、age,there are mainly four types of advertisements.25.A scientific approach is used to prove the true value of the product.26.In selling a product,appearance of truth may be more important than the truth of advertising.27.Ads associated with fun are likely to attract potential buyers.28.According to

40、the passage,many automobile ads try to appeal to the consumers reasoning mind.454 29.The picture of a mother tenderly kissing her small boy is to show the usefulness of bandages.30.Peoples desires can be more satisfied by the improved advertisements.Part N Read Passage 4 and answer the following que

41、stions.Make your answers as short and clear as possible.(20 points,4 points each)Passage 4 London 1 London is an interesting and exciting city.It is fashionable and full of life.Nearly a third of Londons population today are young people with a modern outlook on life.Most of them earn good money and

42、 therefore they have much more freedom and independence than young people used to have.They set their own fashions in clothes;and they spend a lot of money on their entertainment.2 London is also more cosmopolitan today.And this,too,has helped to give new life to the capital.People of all nations,ra

43、ces and religions live and work in London.Thousands of foreign students are studying at London University and at other educational centres.And every year several million visitors from all parts of the world visit London,either on business or for a holiday.Indeed,it sometimes seems as if there were a

44、lmost more foreigners than Londoners in London.3 More than three million people live in inner London,and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area,which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London.Thus,the total population

45、of Greater London is over eight million.4 Besides the people living in London,thousands of men and women form towns and villages surrounding the capital work in London and travel to their offices daily by train or by car.Most of these people live in the suburbs,within about ten to twenty miles of ce

46、ntral London;but many live in the country,perhaps as much as thirty or forty miles away.These 455 thousands of people stream into London like an attacking army between 8:30 and 9:30 in the morning;and then they pack into the crowded trains,or their cars,and stream home again between about 4:30 and 6

47、:30 in the evening.5 London is very busy and over-crowded.There is a continuous noise of traffic in all the main streets.The traffic never seems to stop,even during the night,and people always seem to be in a hurry.They appear to do everything in a rush,with an eye on the clock,as if they had only a

48、 short time to live.The noise and rush is tiring,but you soon get used to it.6 London,which stands on the River Thames,has a history of nearly two thousand years.The Romans made London their capital soon after they landed in Britain in the first century.They built a bridge across the River Thames an

49、d opened a small port on the north bank of the river.Then they built a small town.London,which today is one of the three largest cities in the world,has developed from this small Roman town.7 Although London is a very old town,most of the houses are relatively new.In some districts whole streets are

50、 being rebuilt.Some of the biggest modern developments are in the city of London,and it is surprising how well the new building fit in with the old arch1 tecture.Questions 3135 are based on Passage 4.31.Why are young people more independent now than they used to be in London?32.Whats the total popul