英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）Unit 5 Working the Land第二讲Using Language & Other Parts 教案.docx

1、When a person first from his heart began to struggle, he is a man of value.当一个人先从自己的内心开始奋斗，他就是个有价值的人。Using Language & Other Parts目标导航重点词汇1organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的2pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物3bacterium n(pl.bacteria) 细菌4fertiliser/fertilizer n. 肥料5mineral n. 矿物；矿物质6grocery n. 食品杂货店；pl.食品杂货7widespread ad

2、j. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的8digest vt.& vi. 消化vt. 领会；领悟9essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的10alternative n. 可供选择事物adj. 可供替代的；非传统的11root n. 根；根茎；根部；根源12prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；阻止13. prohibition n. 禁止；阻止14instance n. 例子；实例；事例词汇拓展1depth n向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)deep adj.深的deepen v加深2entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地entire adj.全部的重点词组1In turn

3、 相应地；转而；依次；轮流2At the expense of 以为代价；由支付费用3take.into account 考虑到4Desperate for 渴望的；迫切需要的5Focus on 集中6Without (a) doubt 毫无疑问；的确7For instance 例如；比如8Start up (使)启动；发动；开始9In every aspect 在各个方面重点句型1过去分词短语作后置定语They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every few years.他们每隔几年就会把每块地里种植的作物变换一下。2现

4、在分词短语作状语，表示一种自然而然的结果Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.轮换种植的原因就是这些作物会把重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤中，为种植下一批庄稼作好准备。3that引导的同位语从句What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for

5、 food around the world.阻止他们这样做的是这样一个事实，即化学耕作满足了全世界对粮食的高需求。知识精讲知识点01 原文呈现CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMINGChemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way

6、to fight crop disease and increase production【1】Over time，however，what some scientists have found is that their longterm use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples health.【1】此处为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a great way。For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，

7、but also helpful ones.In addition，these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.In fact，some

8、 pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition【2】They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water t

9、han essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well.【2】画线部分为简单句。grown with them为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰crops；句子包含“too.to.”结构，表示“太而不能”。As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.Organic farming

10、is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.For example，many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser.This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals.It also keeps the air，soil，wat

11、er，and crops free of chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil.They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.For instance，they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year，and then grow beans there the next.Why different crops are grown is because t

12、hey put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops 【3】Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.For example，peanuts grow on the grounds surface，but many other vegetables put down deep roots.The goal of usi

13、ng different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to peoples health.【3】本句为主从复合句。其中Why different crops are grown为Why引导的主语从句；because they.ground为because引导的表语从句；making it.crops为现在分词短语作结果状语。Some people would prefer to stop the use of manmade chemicals

14、in agriculture entirely.What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world 【4】Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need.Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner t

15、able while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible【5】【4】此处为that引导的同位语从句，作the fact的同位语。【5】本句为复合句。其中to find.possible为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a long way；that puts.possible为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a suitable solution。在该定语从句中，while keeping.possible属于“连词现在分词”结构。课文译文化学农业与有机农业自20世纪中叶以来，化学杀虫剂和化肥在农业生产中得到广泛使用。

16、它们最初被引入时，作为防治作物病虫害、增加产量的良方，深受农民欢迎。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人类健康。例如，杀虫剂不仅会杀死有害细菌和害虫，也会消灭有益的细菌和昆虫，从而损害土地。此外，这些化学物质能长期滞留在土壤和地下水源当中。这影响生长在土地上的农作物，转而又影响消化它们的动物和人类。许多人担心，这些化学物质可能导致他们生病，乃至于引发癌症。实际上，在大多数国家，诸如DDT之类的某些杀虫剂已被禁止(使用)，因为它们对人类和环境造成了损害。至于化学肥料，施加了这些化学肥料的农作物通常会因生长得太快而缺少营养。它们的外观或许好看，但内部的水分往往比必需

17、的矿物质要多，味道一般也较差。一些农民转向(选择)有机农业作为替代方案，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也会选择有机食品。有机农业，就是不使用任何化学物质的农业。采用有机种植的农民致力于通过自然手段来保持土壤肥沃，免受病虫侵害。例如，许多采用有机种植的农民将天然的动物粪便用作肥料。这使得田间土壤含有更多的矿物质，还能让空气、土壤、水以及农作物都免受化学物质的侵蚀。采用有机种植的农民还使用许多其他方法来提高土壤肥力。他们通常会每年改变一次田间种植的农作物种类。例如，他们也许一年在田间种植玉米或小麦，下一年就种植豆类。之所以要种植不同种类的作物，是因为它们能将重要的矿物质放回地下，让土地为下一批农作物(

18、的生长)做好准备。采用有机种植的农民也会利用不同深度的土壤耕种不同的作物，以帮助保持土壤的肥沃。例如，花生在土地表面生长，而许多其他蔬菜则扎根深处。采取不同的有机耕种方式，目的在于种植优质的食品，同时又避免对环境或人类健康造成损害。有些人宁愿在农业中完全停止使用人造化学物质。阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了全球对于食品的高度需求。有机农业完全不能满足那样的需求。因此，要找到合适的解决方案，还有很长的路要走。这里所说的方案，既要让餐桌上有足够的食物，同时又得尽可能地保证人类和环境的健康。知识点2 stand vi.& vt.达到水平 vt.忍受，容忍 vt.经受；经得起 vi.立；位于(某处

19、)(world hunger) stands at around 11% of the worlds population(世界饥饿人口)约占世界人口的11%His former workforce of 1，300 now at 220.他以前有1 300名职工，现在只有220人。I cant stand when you do that.你那么做，我受不了。I cant stand people (smoke) around me when Im eating.我受不了吃饭时有人在我旁边抽烟。His poetry will the test of time.他的诗将经得起时间的考验。The

20、 train station to be completed next year far away from the city.明年将要竣工的那个火车站离城市很远。链接写作写出下列句子中stand的含义/单句语法填空As you can see，between the two main roads stands the teaching building. I cant stand him interrupting (插嘴) all the time in the meeting. A classic is a piece of literary work that has stood the

21、 test of time. The building stands nearly a hundred feet high. He cant stand (drive) in the rush hour.他受不了在交通高峰时期开车。【答案】1.stands 2.it 3.smoking 4.stand 5.stands 6.位于(某处)7.忍受8.经得起9.达到特定水平(或数量、高度等)10.driving知识点3 essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usuall

22、y more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavor as well.它们外表看起来可能很漂亮，但里面通常含水比必需矿物质多，而且它们的味道也往往较淡。be essential to/for对很重要It is essential that.(should) do. “做是完全必要的”It is essential for sb to do. “对某人来说做是完全必要的”History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long

23、 past.It is an part of who we are today and who we will become.历史不只是研究满是灰尘的古董和很久以前的事件。它还是搞清楚我们今天是谁和我们将成为谁的重要部分。Sun and water the growth of crops.阳光和水是作物生长不可或缺的。These words and grammar everybody to learn English.这些词和语法对于每一个学英语的人来说都是必备的。名师提醒It is essential that.(should) do sthIt is essential (for sb)

24、to do sth(对某人来说)做某事是必要的/极其重要的It is essential that you (get) a visa before you travel to the USA.到美国旅游之前拿到签证是必不可少的。 highnew technology enterprises competitive power.增强竞争力对高新技术企业来说非常重要。链接写作翻译句子对我们而言，打赢这场抗击新冠病毒肺炎(COVID 19)的战斗极其重要。 .和睦的家庭是孩子个人成长所必需的。 .【答案】1.essential 2. are essential to 3.are essential

25、for 4.(should) get 5.It is essential for, to strengthen 6.It is essential for us to win the battle against COVID 197.A harmonious home is essential for a childs personal growth知识点4 alternative n可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers h

26、ave turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作为一种选择，一些农民已转向有机农业，并且许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转向有机食品。(1)have no alternative but (to do)除(做)外别无选择(2)(同义词)choice n. 选择，选择权make a choice 做选择have no choice but to do 别无选择只好做We had no alternative but (fire) Gibson.我们别无他法，只能辞退吉布森。Minibuses with seats for

27、 12 passengers offer expensive taxis and crowded public transport.相对于昂贵的出租车和拥挤的公共交通工具，有着12座的小型公共汽车提供了另一种选择。I went on an trip and had my life totally transformed by that experience.我进行了一次非传统的旅行，那次经历完全改变了我的生活。链接写作补全句子As there is less and less coal and oil，scientists are exploring new ways of making us

28、e of (替代能源)，such as sunlight，wind and water for power and fuel.If you dont like the school lunch，you bringing your own.要是你不喜欢学校的午餐，你可以自己带饭。Finding himself under fire from all quarters，he abandon his scheme.在这四面楚歌的情况下，他除了放弃他的计划没有别的选择。Vilnius Airport in Lithuania has unveiled its festive treemade enti

29、rely of items confiscated from passengers.立陶宛的维尔纽斯机场的另类节日树亮相都是用从乘客那里没收的物品做成的。【答案】1.to fire2.an alternative to3.alternative 4.alternative energy5.have the alternative of6.had no alternative but to 7.alternative 知识点5 depth n向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different dep

30、ths of soil to help keep it rich.从事有机种植的农民也种植多种多样的农作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。at/to a depth of.在/到深度in depth 深入地；详细地be out of ones depth 在水深没顶的地方；不能理解the depths of winter 隆冬the depths of ones heart 某人的内心深处deep adj. 深的deepen v. (使)变强烈；加强I havent looked at the report yet.我还没有细看这份报告。He has studied Scottish

31、history .他已经深入地研究了苏格兰历史。Water was found at a depth of 30 feet.在30英尺深的地方找到了水。名师提醒(1)deep adj.深的；厚的；深沉的；低沉的 adv.深深地(2)deeply adv.非常；深刻地；强烈地(3)deepen v(使情感、感觉等)加强，变强烈；(使)变深deep和deeply均可以用作副词，deep表示具体的“深”，而deeply表示抽象含义。The gold lies in the earth.黄金埋藏于地下深处。He went on studying into the night.他一直学习到深夜。My m

32、indless words must have hurt him 我那些愚蠢的话一定深深地伤害了他。链接写作补全句子 ，many things I did with my father still live.在我记忆深处，我与父亲一起做过的很多事仍然存在。This subject will be covered next term.这个话题将在下学期深入讨论。On June 27，2012，the Jiaolong reached 7062 meters in the Pacific Ocean.2012年6月27日，“蛟龙”号潜入到太平洋7 062米的深度。【答案】1.in depth 2.

33、 in depth3.at 4.deep 5.deep 6.deeply7.In the depths of my memory8. in depth9. a depth of 知识点6 in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.这影响了生长在土地上的作物，进而影响了食用它们的动物和人类。in return作为回报by turns 轮流take turns to do sth(do sth by turns) 轮流做

34、某事wait ones turn to do sth 等候轮到某人做某事Its ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事The young parents had to look after their sick baby.这对年轻父母不得不轮流照顾他们生病的孩子。I think its our turn (drive) the kids to school this week.我想这周轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。The girls called out their names .这些女孩们依次说出了自己的名字。Theory is based on practice and se

35、rves practice.理论来源于实践，反过来又服务于实践。链接写作补全句子Reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction，which can lower stress levels.阅读故事可以明显增加人与人之间的互动，转而降低压力水平。We offer an excellent education to our students. ，we expect students to work hard.我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育。作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。He treated us to

36、 a big meal our assistance.他请我们吃了一顿大餐，以报答我们的帮助。【答案】1. take turns to 2.to drive 3.in turn4.in turn 5. in turn6.In return7.in return for知识点7 Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至致癌。sbmakesb/sth宾补本句式中可作宾补的有：形容词、名词、动词原形、过去分词。make sb/sth do sth

37、在被动语态中要补充不定式符号to，用sb/sth be made to do sth结构。make oneself heard/understood/known表示“让人听到/理解/知道自己”。I four hours before I was examined by a doctor.我被迫等了四个小时才有医生给我检查。I had to shout to make myself (hear) above the music.我得大声喊才能让我的声音盖过音乐让人听到。链接写作补全句子She 她让他做她的秘书。My teacher thinks I am excellent and that I

38、 can do well in my study，which 我的老师认为我很优秀，能在学习上做得很好，这使我更自信了。What he said 他的话让我们都大笑起来。【答案】1. was made to wait 2.heard 3.made him he secretary4.makes me more confident5.made all of us laugh知识点8 What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the w

39、orld.阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了全球对于食品的高度需求。that引导的同位语从句(1)名词后接同位语从句时，如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导。(2)在that引导的同位语从句中，that在从句中不作任何成分，也无具体意义，只起连接作用，但是一般不省略，亦不可用which替换。Many parents hold teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.很多父母都持有这样的观点：青少年不应该花太多时间上网。 the human beings behaviour causes environmental pollution i

40、s known to us all.人类的行为导致了环境污染是众所周知的事实。名师提醒如果同位语从句意义不完整，引导词的选择取决于其所表达的含义：(1)表示“是否”的含义时，同位语从句要用whether引导(if一般不引导同位语从句)；whether在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。(2)表示“谁”“哪个”“什么”的含义时，同位语从句要分别用who，which，what引导。(3)表示“什么时候”“哪里”“为什么”“如何”的含义时，同位语从句要分别用when，where，why，how引导。I have no idea he will come.我不知道他是否会来。The committee

41、hasnt solved the problem should be in charge of the key project.委员会还没有解决谁应该负责那项重点项目的问题。链接写作补全句子I have no idea 我不知道她现在正在隔壁房间里做什么。There arose the question 这样就产生了一个问题：我们到哪里贷款。All in all，I hold the firm belief 总之，我坚信我们一定会做好工作的。【答案】1.the view that 2.The fact that3.whether 4.who 5.what she is doing in the

42、 next room now6.where we could get the loan7.that we are sure to do a good job分层提分题组A 基础过关练.单词拼写1 (化学的) factories do great harm to the air.2The elderly and children are having a hard time in the (最深处) of winter.3Plants in desert usually have long (根)4The government has taken measures to help people

43、get rid of (贫穷)5The population of the (城市的) area is larger than that of the rural area.6Computers are now in (广泛的) use all over the world.7 (有机的) food，which is green and healthy，is on sale at the local grocery.8The Chinese and the Westerners have (完全地) different views of life.9Foreigners tend to be impressed with the spicy (味道) of Sichuan dishes.