高中英语：精品解析：2020届山东省济宁市高三二模英语试题（解析版）.doc

1、 2019-2020 学年度高考模拟考试学年度高考模拟考试 英语试题英语试题 注意事项注意事项: 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡 上。写在本试卷上无效。上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考

2、试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分第一部分 阅读阅读(共两节共两节,满分满分 50 分分) 第一节第一节(共共 15 小题小题;每小题每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 37.5 分分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Admission to Angkor Angkor pass Admission to the Angkor Archaeological Park is through the Angkor pass. This pass is neede

3、d to visit any of the temples within the park. It is valid (有效的) for all monuments in the area, except for Beng Mealea and Phnom Kulen. Be sure to have a valid pass, and tickets are regularly checked at most of the monuments and at the check points. Where to buy the Angkor pass The main ticket sales

4、 office is the Angkor Conservation Area ticket booth on Charles de Gaulle road. All Angkor passes are available here. Ticket booths are open daily from 5a. m. to 5:30 p. m. Hotels, guest houses, shops etc. are not authorized to sell Angkor passes. Types of passes Passes for several durations are ava

5、ilable: 1day at US $37 3days at US $62 7days at US $72 The 3-day ticket is valid for any 3 days within a week,the 7-day ticket for any 7 days within a month. Admission for children younger than 12 is free. Prices are quoted in US Dollars, but can also be paid in Cambodian Riel, Thai Baht or Euro. Th

6、e information board at the ticket booths list strict rules: Passes are not refundable. Passes are not transferable. The pass contains a photo that is taken with a webcam at the ticket office. Passes are not valid after their validity date. Passes have validity from and to date printed on them. Ticke

7、ts bought before 5 p. m, are valid the same day. It is not possible to buy a one-day pass for the next day. Tickets bought after 5 p. m. are valid the same day until sunset and the next day. Make sure the pass is not stamped or holes arent punched (打孔) into it,which invalidates it, 1. Where can the

8、Angkor pass be purchased? A. At the check points. B. At the ticket booths. C. In the hotels. D. In the shops. 2. How much should a couple with an 8- year-old pay for a 3-day trip to Angkor? A. US $74. B. US $124. C. US $144. D. US $62. 3. What do we know about the Angkor pass? A. It includes access

9、to all sites. B. It must be paid in US Dollars. C. It can be transferred to others. D. Stamped tickets are invalid. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了到吴哥窟旅游购买和使用通行证的注意事项。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Where to buy the Angkor pass 部分的 The main ticket sales office is the Angkor Conservation Area ticket booth on

10、 Charles de Gaulle road. All Angkor passes are available here.（主要的售票处是位于戴高乐路的吴哥窑保护区售票处。所有的吴哥窟通行证都在这里购买。） 可知，吴哥窟的的通行证都可以在售票亭买到。故选 B。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据 Types of passes 部分的3days at US $62和 Admission for children younger than 12 is free.（3天62美元的门票和12岁以下儿童是免费的。）可知，成人的 3 天的旅程的费用是 US$62，而 12 岁以下儿童免费。所以一对夫妇

11、带一个 8岁孩子进行一个 3 天的旅行需要 62+62=124。故选 B。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段 Make sure the pass is not stamped or holes arent punched (打孔) into it, which invalidates it.可知，要确保通行证没有盖章或没有打孔才能进入，因为那将使它失效。所以盖章 的票是无效的。故选 D。 B Rioghna and Hannah Pittock spent the first few minutes feeling sorry for themselves. Rioghna,a ju

12、nior at Rochester Mayo High School, had spring sports to play. Hannah,a senior at University of Chicago , was going to have a spring break in Aruba. However , both were canceled because of COVID-19. But they soon recovered and now they are sitting at home , solving Rochesters problems in their way.

13、Pointing to the computer screen, Hannah tells her sister,“She is a nurse and her child needs to be matched.” The two sisters birthed their plan last Saturday on the drive home from picking up Hannah in Chicago. As more medical workers were sent to work, fighting against the fierce pandemic (流行病), th

14、e sisters knew many of their families would need childcare. At the same time, teens throughout Rochester were off school. So on Sunday, Hannah and Rioghna launched Step Up To Sit. Already theyre paired more than 40 families with sitters. “The young people in the community are stepping up to do their

15、 part,” Hannah says, “We are delighted that we re having an impact on peoples lives in this hard time.”For the last four days,160 teens have registered to help, most wiling to work free. if paired with a family in need. With more and more teens joining in, the two sisters decide to launch Step Up To

16、 Shop,a platform for teens to deliver groceries to seniors. Rioghna acknowledges people of her age get a bad reputation as smartphone-addicted and selfish. The Pittock sisters are proving otherwise,“Amid the pandemic，people should be allowed to be upset and allowed to be a little bit down about the

17、upset in their lives, but its about something bigger and recognizing we all have our part to play here,”Rioghna says. 4. Why did the two sisters feel sorry for themselves? A. They would join in activities separately. B. They had to give up their planned activities. C. They were infected with COVID-1

18、9 seriously. D. Their parents were sent to battle COVID-19. 5. Step Up to Sit is a platform to . A. pair medical worker families with teen sitters B. call on teens to deliver groceries to seniors C. spread basic health knowledge to people D. instruct teens to study online at home 6. Which of the fol

19、lowing best describes the two sisters? A. Tolerant. B. Humble. C. Caring. D. Stubborn. 7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Smartphone addiction makes teens selfish. B. The Pittock sisters acted on a low profile. C. People can do nothing against pandemic. D. There is some misunderstan

20、ding of teens. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 【解析】 本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了两姐妹成立了 Step Up To Sit将医务工作者家庭与保姆配对，从而 帮助医务工作者家庭照顾孩子。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段 Rioghna and Hannah Pittock spent the first few minutes feeling sorry for themselves. Rioghna,a junior at Rochester Mayo High School, had spring sports to play. Hannah,a

21、senior at University of Chicago , was going to have a spring break in Aruba. However , both were canceled because of COVID-19. 里奥加纳和汉娜皮托克在开始的几分钟里为自己感到难过。罗切斯特梅奥高中的三年级 学生里奥加纳有春季运动会要参加。芝加哥大学大四学生汉娜打算在阿鲁巴度过春假。但是，由于 COVID-19 这两个计划都取消了。可知，两姐妹会感到难过是因为她们不得不放弃计划中的活动。故选 B项。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段 As more medical

22、workers were sent to work, fighting against the fierce pandemic (流行病), the sisters knew many of their families would need childcare. 随着越来越多的医务人员 被派去与这场严重的流行病作斗争，姐妹俩知道许多医务工作者家庭需要儿童护理。及 So on Sunday, Hannah and Rioghna launched Step Up To Sit. Already theyre paired more than 40 families with sitters.

23、因此， 在星期天，汉娜和里奥加纳发起了 Step Up to Sit。她们已经为 40 多个家庭安排了保姆。可知，Step Up to Sit是一个将医务工作者家庭与保姆配对的平台。故选 A项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据第三段 We are delighted that we re having an impact on peoples lives in this hard time. 我们很高兴在这个艰难的时刻，我们对人们的生活产生了影响。结合前文两姐妹建立了 Step Up to Sit 来帮助医务工作者的家庭，自己感到快乐。推测两姐妹是乐于助人的。 故选 C项。 【7 题详解】

24、 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Rioghna acknowledges people of her age get a bad reputation as smartphone-addicted and selfish. The Pittock sisters are proving otherwise Rioghna 里奥加纳承认，像她这样 年纪的人因为沉迷于智能手机和自私而名声不好。匹托克姐妹证明了事实并非如此。因此，从最后一 段可以推断出社会上对青少年的看法是不正确的，对青少年有一些误解。故选 D 项。 C The low percentage of women in science ，t

25、echnology，engineering，and mathematics(STEM) careers is often attributed (归因于) to men being believed to be better at the sort of thinking those fields require. Though studies have debunked the view,they have largely been based on results acquired from various several standardized tests. Now, research

26、ers from Pennsylvania S Carnegie Mellon University have found evidence that is hard to overlook; MRI (磁共振成像) proves that young girls and boys use the same mechanisms and networks in the brain to solve math problems. The groundbreaking study to evaluate the biological gender differences in the math t

27、alent of young children was led by the university s professor of neuroscience, Jessica Cantlon. For their study ,the team selected 104 young children, between 3 and 10 years old, divided almost equally by gender. The scientists used a functional MRI to observe their brain activity as they engaged in

28、 math tasks. These included watching age appropriate educational videos and doing math exercises such as counting and addition,as well as reading for comparison. “We looked at which areas of the brain respond more strongly to mathematics content in the videos and tasks, compared to non math content

29、like reading or the alphabet, Cantlon said.“When we do that in lite girls, we see a particular network of the brain respond,and when we do that same analysis in boys, we see the exact same regions.” So why do girls and young women tend to avoid math and STEM careers in general? Cantlon thinks it may

30、 be rooted in social and cultural conventions. Previous studies have indicated that parents tend to spend more time with young boys in play that inspire spatial cognition (空间认知)-such as toys that involve learning number skills and shapes and solving puzzles. Educators were also observed to spend mor

31、e time with boys during math class. 8. What does the underlined word“debunked” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Disproved. B. Supported. C. Confirmed. D. Overlooked. 9. What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on? A. The purpose of the research. B. The process of the research. C. The participants of the research.

32、D. The findings of the research. 10. What contributes to the lack of women in STEM careers? A. Mental capacity. B. Gender difference. C. Traditional prejudice. D. Family background. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. MRI- A Great Helper in Research B. Toys- Boosters for STEM Potential

33、 C. Boys and Girls: Equally Talented in Math D. STEM Careers: Calling for More w omen 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。研究表明，年轻男孩和女孩大脑中使用相同的机制和网络来解决数学问题。并 介绍了研究的过程以及解释了女孩和年轻女性一般都倾向于避开数学和 STEM 职业的原因。 【8 题详解】 词义猜测题。第一段中的“The low percentage of women in science ，technology，engineering，and math

34、ematics(STEM) careers is often attributed (归因于) to men being believed to be better at the sort of thinking those fields require.”女性在科学、技术、工程和数学职业上的低比例往往归因于男性被认为更 擅长这些领域需要的思考方式。“young girls and boys use the same mechanisms and networks in the brain to solve math problems.”年轻男孩和女孩大脑中使用相同的机制和网络来解决数学问题。

35、根据句意，并 且 though 表示转折，可以推断出前后观点不一致，所以，研究结果驳斥了前面的观点。由此可知 “debunked”的意思是反驳，故选 A项。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容“the team selected 104 young children, between 3 and 10 years old, divided almost equally by gender. The scientists used a functional MRI to observe their brain activity ”在他 们的研究中，研究小组选择了 104名年龄在 3到

36、10岁之间的儿童，他们的性别几乎相同。科学家们使 用功能性核磁共振成像来观察可知，第二段讲述了研究对象，观察的方法，研究的内容等，所以 第二段关注了研究的过程。故选 B 项。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的内容“it may be rooted in social and cultural conventions. Previous studies have indicated that parents tend to spend more time with young boys in play that inspire spatial cognition (空 间认知)su

37、ch as toys that involve learning number skills and shapes and solving puzzles. Educators were also observed to spend more time with boys during math class.” Cantlon 认为这可能根植于社会和文化习俗。 之前的研究表明，父母倾向于花更多的时间和小男孩一起玩能激发他们空间认知能力的游戏，比如学 习数字技能、形状和解决谜题的玩具。研究还发现，教育工作者在数学课上花更多的时间和男孩在一 起。可知，传统的偏见导致了 STEM职业中缺少女性。故选

38、 C项。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。 文章第一段中的“young girls and boys use the same mechanisms and networks in the brain to solve math problems”（年轻男孩和女孩大脑中使用相同的机制和网络来解决数学问题。 ）是全文的 主题句，后文解释了研究的过程以及女孩和年轻女性一般都倾向于避开数学和 STEM 职业的原因。可 知，所以这篇文章最合适的题目是“男孩和女孩:在数学方面同样有天赋”，故选 C项。 【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过 关键词句来概括(如

39、议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映 人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心 的。该文是介绍一个研究结果的，该类文章的中心一般就在第一段。因此，考生直接抓住第一段中的 “young girls and boys use the same mechanisms and networks in the brain to solve math problems”即可找 到文章中心。 D Algorithms (算法) affect nearly every part of a persons experience

40、 on the Internet. Search engines are most people s entry to the Internet.If a person wants to find information about something, they usually start with a search bar.As soon as they start typing or choosing links,the algorithm starts gathering data about every choice users make and uses that data to

41、try to find the websites or information that most directly relate to what the user is looking for. The problem with algorithm is that they can limit the kinds of information people see,says MacMillan,a reading researcher with Project Information Literacy (能力). He argues this can be harmful to people

42、s critical thinking and lead them to believe that only one point of view is correct. Companies also pay to post advertisements for products that could relate to users search data. For example,if you search for places to take a vacation,you will likely start to see ads for travel companies, flights o

43、r hotels. Renee Hobbs, director of the Media Education Lab at the University of Rhode Island, however, argues that algorithms are not all bad. She says search engine algorithms can help you find what might be the most useful information faster. But she says it is in the interests of Internet compani

44、es to keep users on the Internet for as long as possible so they see more ads. The current generation of young people grow up using the Internet and they are prone(易于遭受) to distrustful information That is why schools must train students how to use the Internet more wisely in their Studies.It is the

45、duty of education to keep students informed about the world around them. Yet it is not the duty of education alone. And lawmakers should consider increasing data protection rules. Individuals can also use a wide variety of websites to avoid algorithmic controls. 12. How do algorithms affect users In

46、ternet experience? A. They lead to slower Internet connection. B. They block ads for users automatically. C. They always help users get reliable links. D. They determine the content users receive. 13. What is Hobbs attitude to algorithms? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Objective. D. Indifferent. 14.

47、 What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A. Young people fall victim to the Internet. B. Data protection rules are already enough. C. Education is fully responsible for algorithmic controls. D. Joint efforts are needed to handle algorithmic controls. 15. Which column of a magazine is the text

48、 most likely from? A. Science. B. Entertainment. C. Advertisement. D. Fashion. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A 【解析】 本文是议论文。文章分析了搜索引擎算法在用户搜索中所起的作用、存在的问题。以及如何应对 搜索引擎算法控制。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As soon as they start typing or choosing links, the algorithm starts gathering data about every choice users make

49、 and uses that data to try to find the websites or information that most directly relate to what the user is looking for.（一旦用户统计输入或选择链接，算法就开始收集用户 做出的每一个选择的数据，并使用这些数据试图找到与用户在寻找的内容最直接相关的网站或信 息。 ） ”由此可知， 算法是收集与用户寻找的内容相关的网站或信息， 因此算法决定用户接收到的内容， 从而影响用户的上网体验。 故选 D 项。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中 Hobbs 所说的话“Renee Hobbs, director of the Media Education Lab at