1、Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins1.1 Protein Composition1.2 Protein Conformations1.3 Protein Structure and Function:A Few Examples1.4 The Dynamics of Proteins1.5 Experiments1.1 蛋白质的组成蛋白质的组成1.2 蛋白质的构象蛋白质的构象1.3 蛋白质的结构与蛋白质的结构与 功能：几个例子功能：几个例子1.4 蛋白质动力学蛋白质动力学1.5 实验研究实验研究Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins第
2、第1章章 氨基酸到蛋白质氨基酸到蛋白质Life is most directly the work of proteins.Proteins allow organisms to grow and reproduce.They provide shape,strength and movement.In the cell,proteins are everywhere and do almost everything.生命几乎就是蛋白质生命几乎就是蛋白质的杰作。蛋白质让生的杰作。蛋白质让生物可以生长和繁殖。物可以生长和繁殖。它们为生物提供了外它们为生物提供了外形和力量，以及运动形和力量，以及运
3、动功能。功能。在细胞中，蛋白质无在细胞中，蛋白质无处不在，行使着几乎处不在，行使着几乎任何功能。任何功能。1.1 Protein Composition/蛋白质的组成蛋白质的组成9623The twenty amino acids and their abbreviationStructures of hydrophobic amino acidsStructures of the hydrophilic amino acidsStructures of the 20 common amino acidsNegative chargePositive chargeThe formation o
4、f a peptide bondPartial double bond /部分双键部分双键Partial double bondRigid and flexible bonds3D structureN-terminus and C-terminus /N-末端和末端和C-末端末端1.2 Protein Conformations/1.2 蛋白质的构象蛋白质的构象1.2.1 Describing Protein Structure1.2.2 Chemical and Physical Basis for Protein Folding1.2.1 描述蛋白质描述蛋白质 的结构的结构1.2.2 蛋
5、白质折叠的蛋白质折叠的 化学和物理基础化学和物理基础1.2.1 Describing Protein Structure helix /螺旋螺旋Hydrogen bond sheet /折叠折叠Hydrogen bondParallel and antiparallel sheetsTertiary structure /三级结构三级结构helix sheetTurnQuaternary structure /四级结构四级结构One subunitPhysical interactions involved in protein folding1)Covalent bonding2)Hydro
6、gen bonding3)Ionic bonding4)Van der Waals forces5)Hydrophobic interaction1.2.2 Chemical and Physical Basis for Protein Folding1)Covalent bond /共价键共价键SharedelectronsHHH+1H+1+1+1Covalent bondCovalent bond /共价键共价键Covalent bondCovalent bond /共价键共价键Covalent bond2)Hydrogen bond /氢键氢键Hydrogen bondPartial c
7、harges vs.Full chargesCl+NaHydrogen bond /氢键氢键Hydrogen bond3)Ionic bond /离子键离子键The ionic bond of sodium chloride,NaClNa+11Cl+17Ionic bond /离子键离子键GluLysNow showingChemical Bond FormationFile:biophoto7 Life Chemical Bond Formation.(8)4)Van der Waals forces /范德华力范德华力Atom 1Atom 2van der Waals forceVan d
8、er Waals forces vs.Ionic bondAtom 1Atom 2Van der Waals forcesThe atom itself has negative and positive partsThe interaction is transientIonic bondThe whole atom is either negative or positiveThe interaction is stableAtom 1Atom 2Van der Waals forces vs.hydrogen bondAtom 1Atom 2Van der Waals forcesThe
9、 atom itself has negative and positive partsThe interaction is transientHydrogen bondThe whole atom is either partially negative or positiveThe interaction is stableAtom 1Atom 2+5)Hydrophobic interaction?Nonpolar molecules are forced togetherWater molecules get contacts with each other.Hydrophobic i
10、nteraction /疏水相互作用疏水相互作用1.3 Protein Structure and FunctionActin /肌动蛋白肌动蛋白An actin filamentKinesin /驱动蛋白驱动蛋白1.4 The Dynamics of ProteinsInduced-fit vs.lock-and-key modelsATP synthetase/ATP合成酶合成酶Now showingElectron Transport and ATP Synthesis File:biophoto7 Life Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis(4)Allosteric regulation/别构调节别构调节Now showingAllosteric Regulation of Enzymes File:biophoto7 Life Allosteric Regulation of Enzymes(2)lac repressor /lac阻遏蛋白阻遏蛋白1.5 Experiments/1.5 实验研究实验研究
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