1、Nucleic acids:the information carrierInformation for making proteins is stored in nucleic acids.ProteinsNucleic acids(mainly DNA)Chapter 2 Nucleic acids2.1 Properties of a Genetic Material2.2 Nucleic Acids and DNA structure2.3 DNA as the Genetic Material2.4 DNA in the Cell2.5 RNA(Ribonucleic Acid)2.
2、6 Experiments2.1 遗传物质的性质遗传物质的性质2.2 核酸与核酸与DNA结构结构2.3 DNA作为遗传物质作为遗传物质2.4 细胞中的细胞中的DNA2.5 RNA（核糖核酸）（核糖核酸）2.6 实验研究实验研究Vocabulary of Day 3 (1/4)nucleic acidgenetic materialinherit nucleotidenitrogenous basetriphosphatebasephosphateribosedeoxyribose核酸核酸遗传物质遗传物质遗传，继承遗传，继承核苷酸核苷酸含氮碱基含氮碱基三磷酸（基团）三磷酸（基团）碱基碱基磷酸根磷
3、酸根核糖核糖脱氧核糖脱氧核糖Vocabulary of Day 3 (2/4)hydroxyl grouppurineadenineguaninepyrimidinecytosinethymineuracilribonucleotidedeoxyribonucleotide羟基羟基嘌呤嘌呤腺嘌呤腺嘌呤鸟嘌呤鸟嘌呤嘧啶嘧啶胞嘧啶胞嘧啶胸腺嘧啶胸腺嘧啶尿嘧啶尿嘧啶核糖核苷酸核糖核苷酸脱氧核糖核苷酸脱氧核糖核苷酸Vocabulary of Day 3 (3/4)ribonucleic aciddeoxyribonucleic acidphosphodiester bondthree prime en
4、dfive prime endsugar-phosphate backbonesingle-stranded DNAdouble stranded DNAdouble helixcomplementary核糖核酸（核糖核酸（RNA）脱氧核糖核酸（脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）磷酸二酯键磷酸二酯键3末端末端5末端末端糖糖-磷酸骨架磷酸骨架单链单链DNA双链双链DNA双螺旋双螺旋互补的互补的Vocabulary of Day 3 (4/4)anti-parallelbase-stackingmajor grooveminor groovenanometerdenaturedenaturationabsor
5、banceabsorbadsorb反向平行的反向平行的碱基堆积碱基堆积（DNA）大沟）大沟（DNA）小沟）小沟纳米纳米变性（动词）变性（动词）变性（名词）变性（名词）吸收（名词）吸收（名词）吸收（动词）吸收（动词）吸吸附附2.1 Properties of a Genetic Material1.It must be able to hold information for how to make proteins.2.It must be stable.3.It must have some capacity for change.4.It must be able to be copied
6、.1.它必须能够保持如它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信何生产蛋白质的信息。息。2.它必须是稳定的。它必须是稳定的。3.它必须具有容忍变它必须具有容忍变化的能力。化的能力。4.它必须能够被复制。它必须能够被复制。1.It must be able to hold information for how to make proteins 1它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息2.It must be stable /2它必须是稳定的它必须是稳定的Lizard:1,000,000 B.C.Lizard:2008 A.D.No change!It must be sta
7、ble /它必须是稳定的它必须是稳定的Age:15 Age:45 Age:75 No change!No change!3.It must have some capacity for change3它必须具有容忍变化的能力它必须具有容忍变化的能力It must have some capacity for change它必须具有容忍变化的能力它必须具有容忍变化的能力MUTAtiOn4.It must be able to be copied4它必须能够被复制它必须能够被复制2.2 Nucleic Acids and DNA structure2.2 核酸与核酸与DNA结构结构2.2.1 Nu
8、cleotides/2.2.1 核苷酸核苷酸Nucleotides are composed of three parts:1)a nitrogenous base,2)a sugar,and 3)a triphosphate.N-glycosidic bond1)Nitrogenous base /含氮碱基含氮碱基2)Sugar /糖糖No oxygen here!Ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides核糖核苷酸核糖核苷酸 与与 脱氧脱氧核糖核苷酸核糖核苷酸3)Triphosphate/三磷酸三磷酸2.2.2 General Structure of
9、 Nucleic Acids2.2.2 核酸的一般结构核酸的一般结构deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)ribonucleic acid(RNA)Phosphodiester bond /磷酸二酯键磷酸二酯键Three prime end and five prime end三一撇末端三一撇末端 与与 五一撇末端五一撇末端Sugar-phosphate backbone/糖糖-磷酸骨架磷酸骨架NegativechargesNucleosome /核小体核小体Chapter 72.2.3 Structure of DNA /2.2.3 DNA的结构的结构Double-strand
10、ed DNAHydrogen bonds Base pair /碱基对碱基对Complementary base pairsAntiparallel DNA strands反向平行的反向平行的DNA链链The DNA double Helix /DNA双螺旋双螺旋MinorgrooveMajorgroove2 nanometers1 turn=10 bases=3.4 nanometersBase stackingDenaturation of DNA /DNA变性变性Light absorbance by DNADNA对光的吸收对光的吸收=260nm=260nmssDNAdsDNANow s
11、howingMacromolecules Nucleic AcidsFile:biophoto7 Life Macromoleculs Nucleic Acids(3)Summary /小小 结结 Chapter 2 Nucleic acids2.1 Properties of a Genetic Material2.2 Nucleic Acids and DNA structure2.3 DNA as the Genetic Material2.4 DNA in the Cell2.5 RNA(Ribonucleic Acid)2.6 Experiments第第2章章 核酸核酸2.1 遗传物
12、质的性质遗传物质的性质2.2 核酸与核酸与DNA结构结构2.3 DNA作为遗传物质作为遗传物质2.4 细胞中的细胞中的DNA2.5 RNA（核糖核酸）（核糖核酸）2.6 实验研究实验研究2.1 Properties of a Genetic Material2.1 遗传物质的性质遗传物质的性质1.It must be able to hold information for how to make proteins.2.It must be stable.3.It must have some capacity for change.4.It must be able to be copied
13、.1.它必须能够保持如它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信何生产蛋白质的信息。息。2.它必须是稳定的。它必须是稳定的。3.它必须具有容忍变它必须具有容忍变化的能力。化的能力。4.它必须能够被复制。它必须能够被复制。1.It must be able to hold information for how to make proteins 1它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息2.It must be stable /2它必须是稳定的它必须是稳定的Lizard:1,000,000 B.C.Lizard:2005 A.D.No change!3.It must have
14、 some capacity for change3它必须具有容忍变化的能力它必须具有容忍变化的能力4.It must be able to be copied4它必须能够被复制它必须能够被复制2.2 Nucleic Acids and DNA structure2.2 核酸与核酸与DNA结构结构2.2.1 Nucleotides/2.2.1 核苷酸核苷酸Nucleotides are composed of three parts:1)a nitrogenous base,2)a sugar,and 3)a triphosphate.N-glycosidic bond2.2.2 Genera
15、l Structure of Nucleic Acids2.2.2 核酸的一般结构核酸的一般结构deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)ribonucleic acid(RNA)Phosphodiester bond /磷酸二酯键磷酸二酯键Three prime end and five prime end三一撇末端三一撇末端 与与 五一撇末端五一撇末端Sugar-phosphate backbone/糖糖-磷酸骨架磷酸骨架Negativecharges2.2.3 Structure of DNA /2.2.3 DNA的结构的结构Double-stranded DNAHydrogen bonds Antiparallel DNA strands反向平行的反向平行的DNA链链The DNA double Helix /DNA双螺旋双螺旋MinorgrooveMajorgroove2 nanometers1 turn=10 bases=3.4 nanometersBase stackingDenaturation of DNA /DNA变性变性Light absorbance by DNADNA对光的吸收对光的吸收
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