2017年12月四级真题第3套.doc

1、2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套） Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minute

2、s)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a

3、letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living

4、 in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U.S. The driving force behind much of this change was a(n) (26)_ popularly known as the Internet.The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In

5、the case of an attack, militaryadvisers suggested the (27)_ of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communite with other scientists. The Internet (28)_ under government control until 1984.One early problem faced by

6、 Internet users wasa speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a (29)_ rate. The development of fiber-optic (光纤) cables allowed for billions of bits of information to be received every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the

7、(30)_ signals at a more rapid speed.In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for (31)_ purposes. Corprations created home pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel (32)_, and even cars and homes could be purpased online.

8、Universities(33)_ research data on the Internet, so students could find (34)_ information without leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and (35)_ online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshaven and wearing

9、 pajamas(睡衣). A) advantageI) maintainedB) commercialJ) occupationsC) conversationK) postedD) equippedL) remainedE) incomingM) reservationsF) innovationN) submittedG) limitedO) valuableH) localSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Ea

10、ch statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Health Bene

11、fits of KnittingA) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give it a try.B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Monda

12、ys in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.C) I have made countlessbaby blankets, sweaters, vests, shawls, scarves, hats, mittens, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especi

13、ally when I have to sit still and listen. As I had discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.D) It seems, too, that Im part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts (手工艺). The Craft Yarn Council reports that a third of women age

14、s 25 to 35 now knit or crochet. Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my friends three grandsons. Last April, the council created a “Stitch Away Stress” campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of Th

15、e Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思) and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.E) But unlike meditation, craft activiti

16、es result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief a

17、nd creative fulfillment as the activities main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the babys five weeks in the intensive care unit, “learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. Its a hobby

18、 that Ive stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allows my brain time to solve problems.”G) A recent email from the yarn (纺纱) company Red Heart titledHealth Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting prompted me to explore what e

19、lse might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.H) For example,Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit t

20、o help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Healfor people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or a family members serious illness. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to follow instructions on complex

21、craft projects can improve childrens math skills.I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it is challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, theres less snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.J) Ive found that my handiwork wit

22、h yarn has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的) fingers remain more dexterous (灵巧的) as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yarn Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.K) A 2009

23、 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened theor fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.L) Betsan Corkhill

24、, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or

25、 very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistentpain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once and that activities like knitting and croch

26、eting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester intervie

27、wed a random (随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70 to 89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in The Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting an

28、d crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.M) Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers specu

29、late that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.N) In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digtial photography e

30、nhanced memory function in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize th

31、e health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks. I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.36. When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.37. Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.38. Even

32、men and children are now joining the army of knitters.39. Being a member of a crafts group enhances ones health and prolongs ones life.40. Knitting diverts peoples attention from their pain.41. The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly in

33、terested.42. When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.43. Survey findings show that knitting can help people relive stress.44. According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.45. The products of knitting can increase ones sense of self-res

34、pect.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a singl

35、e line through the centre.Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. Whats indisputable is that its growing very quickly. Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting r

36、icher the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slum (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanizing at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did. Tha

37、t means theres little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Sahara

38、n Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialization went together. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in

39、 turn, that created a pool of labour for factories. But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals, so is the money. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cro

40、nyish (有裙带关系的) businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African counties are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in ren

41、t for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arri

42、ve. When a citys population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A) They have more slums than other cities in the world.B) They are growing fast without becoming richer.C) They are as modernized as many cities elsewhe

43、re.D) They attract migrants who want to be better off.47. What does the author imply about urbanization in other parts of the world?A) It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B) It started when peoples income was relatively high.C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D) I

44、t started with the improvement of peoples livelihood.48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.B) The living expenses there are too high.C) It is on the whole too densely populated.D) The local governments are corrupted.49. In what way does the

45、author say African cities are different?A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.B) They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C) They have developed at the expense of nature.D) They depend far more on foreign investment.50. What might be a solution to the problems facing Afri

46、can cities?A) Lowering of apartment rent.B) Better education for residents.C) More rational overall planning.D) A more responsible government.Passage TwoQuestion 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For the past several decades, it seems theres been a general consensus on how to get ahead in

47、America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they

48、felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the American dreamand what it takes to achieve itlooks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.By and large, people felt that that their actions and hard worknot outside forceswere the deciding factor in how their lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy. In the last seven years, Ameri