Unit4 Discovering Useful Structures课件PPT （新教材）高中英语人教版必修第三册.pptx

1、UNIT 4UNIT 4SPACE EXPLORATIONSPACE EXPLORATIONBook3 Unit4 Discovering Useful Structures1_ 在控制之中；得到控制2_ 放弃3_ 等不及做某事；迫不及待做某事4get married _5take a very long time _6solar system _7due to _8figure out _under controlgive upcant wait to do sth结婚 花很长的时间 太阳系；类太阳系 由于 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 lack n缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏(P42)Astrona

2、uts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exericise every day,which will help them stay healthy.【翻译】由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常虚弱，因此他们每天都需要锻炼，这将有助于他们保持健康。(1)lack vt.没有；缺乏lack sth.缺少某物(2)lack n缺乏；短缺be lack of缺少；缺乏(后接具体的物质上的事物)be lack in(后接抽象事物如品质、性质、特点)

3、for lack of因缺少【用法详解】(3)lack作名词时，后常接介词of；作及物动词时，直接加宾语。(4)lacking adj.缺少的；不足的be lacking in缺少(品质、特点等)；在方面缺乏What he lacks is not knowledge but experience.他缺少的不是知识而是经验。Many small plants in that country closed down for lack of fuel.由于燃料不足，那个国家的很多小厂都倒闭了。She seemed to be lacking in frankness.她似乎不够坦率。【语境串记】I

4、f the lack of money makes you lack confidence when dealing with others,you may be lacking in some important qualities and opportunities for lack of money.如果缺钱使你与人打交道时缺乏自信，你可能会因为缺钱而失去一些重要的品质和机会。【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)_(lack)money,he had to drop out of school at an early age.(2)Health problems are closely con

5、nected with bad eating habits and a lack _ exercise.(3)He is a boy who is lacking _ confidence,so you should give him more encouragement.完成句子(4)The charges were dropped _ _ _ evidence指控因证据不足而被撤销。【答案】(1)Lacking(2)of(3)in(4)for lack of突突 破破 语语 法法观察领悟【例句观察】Some scientists were determined to help humans

6、 realise their dream to explore space.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.First of all,you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.【我的领悟】句和句中动词不定式短语在句中做_；句中动词不定式短语在句中做 _。定语状语动词不定式做定语和状语一、动词不定式的形式及意义不定式主动语态被动语态意义一般式to doto be done不定式的

7、动作与句中谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓语动作同时发生完成式 to have doneto havebeen done不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动作之前二、动词不定式作定语1不定式做定语常表示将来的动作。The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。2不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。He has no pen to wri

8、te with.他没有钢笔写字。3不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。4被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式做定语。常见的该类名词有ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。The ability to express an idea is as importa

9、nt as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。【拓展提升】不定式做定语时，如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式使用主动式表示被动。试比较：Have you got anything to buy?你有什么东西要买吗？(不定式to buy的动作执行者是you)Have you got anything to be bought?你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗？(不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”，因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)三、动词不定式做状语1作目的状语不定式做目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调

10、目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。To pass the college entrance exam,we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。2做结果状语不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做)；tooto do(太而不能)；so/suchas to(如此以至于)。Tom took a taxi to

11、 the airport,only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。3做原因状语常用于“主语(人)系动词形容词/过去分词to do”结构中。形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry,surprised,disappointed,excited,glad,happy,anxious,delighted,pleased,foolish等。We were astonished to find the tem

12、ple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。常用于“主语(物)系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy,difficult,hard,cheap，expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.早上的空

13、气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。【温馨提示】在“主语be形容词不定式”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。追踪练习.写出画线部分所作成分1His ambition to become the world swimming champion was understandable._2Do you have anything to be taken there?_3I hurried to his house,only to find

14、him out._4Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time?_5In the end he made up his mind to go by train._定语定语结果状语目的状语定语6All the students ran over to welcome us._7Hes old enough to make a trip alone._8Do you have anything to do tonight?_9Im sorry to hear that you have failed in the driving

15、test._ 10The poor often have no room to live in._ 目的状语结果状语定语原因状语定语.完成句子1Suddenly a good idea occurred to her,but she couldnt find any paper _ _ _.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写的纸。2She was the first woman _ _ the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。to write onto win3She said she had no plans _.她说她

16、没有去那里的打算。4She is too young _.她太小了不能理解它。5He hurried to the school,only _ nobody there.他急忙赶到学校，结果发现没人在那里。to go thereto understand itto find动词不定式作定语和状语1I trained for a long time _(fly)airplanes as a fighter pilot.2First of all,you must be intelligent enough _(get)a related college degree.3Some scientis

17、ts were determined to help humans realise their dream _(explore)space.to flyto getto explore随堂知能小练随堂知能小练.单词拼写1They are determined to _(回收利用)their garbage because they care about the environment.2The research _(缺乏)solid evidence,and therefore,its conclusions are doubtful.3Only when agriculture is ful

18、ly developed can industry have _(足够的)materials and markets.小练小练4I was too busy at that time._(否则),I would have called you.5I havent seen Sara for more than ten years,and she has changed _(超出)recognition.【答案】1.recycle2.lacks3.sufficient4.Otherwise5.beyond【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.A5.B6.A.完成句子1Will you please br

19、ing me a chair _ _ _？请给我拿把椅子坐好吗？2Is there anyone _ _ _ _ the children tomorrow?明天有人来照顾这些孩子吗？3It is clear that the ability _ _ is inborn.显然，笑的能力是与生俱来的。4I arrived at the library,only _ _ that it was closed.我到了图书馆，却发现它关门了。5I was lucky enough _ _ the last bus.我真幸运，赶上了最后一班公共汽车。【答案】1.to sit on2.to take care of3.to smile4.to find5.to catch