2023年中考英语二轮复习（ppt课件）状语从句 .pptx

1、状语从句状语从句Adverbial Clause状语从句的定义以及时态特点状语从句的定义以及时态特点时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句状语从句的定义状语从句的定义以及时态特点以及时态特点1.状语从句的定义状语从句的定义什么是状语从句？什么是状语从句？(1)状语从句（Adverbial Clause）是指句子用作状语，起副词作用的句子。状语从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。(2)状语从句根据其作用可

2、分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词连词(从属连词从属连词)引导，也可以由词组词组引起。状语从句的位置很灵活，位于句首句首或或句中句中时，通常用逗号与主句隔开时，通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。不用逗号隔开。I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before.While John was watching TV,his wife was cooking.例：时间状语从句时间状语从句 由由since引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句(1)引导时间状语从句的基

3、本从属连词when,as,while,as soon as,before,after,since,till,until 若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的动词(如:go,come,start,bedgin,leave,come等等）的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作开始的那一刻起”,一般情况下，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。He has studied very hard since he came to our school.We have made many dumplings since we began to cook.若

4、since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性的动词或表示状态的静态动词,(如:live，stay，study,learn,smoke,be等等）的过去时，则从句表示的意思是“从该动作或状态的完成到结束时算起”。He has never come to see me since I was ill.自从我病愈以来他一直都没来看我。由由since引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句若since 引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词或静态动词的现在完成时持续性动词或静态动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻）到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间起点应该从动作开始时算起。He ha

5、s wirrten to me frequently since I have been ill.I have written her 20 letters since I have been there.(从开始时算起)自从我来这儿，我已经给他写了20封信了。I have written her 20 letters since I was there.（从结束时算起）自从我离开这儿，我已经给他写了20封信了。It is+段时间+since./It has been+段时间+since.表示“从.起已有多长时间了”.Since 从句中常用一般过去时，若从句中是持续性动词的则表示该动作结束有多

6、长时间该动作结束有多长时间。It is 3 years since he smoked.他不抽烟已经有3年了。when,while和as引导时间状语从句的区别when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”When she came in,I stopped eating.When I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him.While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比While my w

7、ife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.I like playing football while you like playing basketball.瞬时动词瞬时动词延续动词延续动词延续延续对比对比as引导时间状语从句可以表示“正当，一边一边”等意思。，多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生。as引导的时间状语从句We always sing as we walk.As we were going out,it began to snow.As my mother sang those old songs,tears ran dow

8、n her cheeks.as表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as只是一个次要的时间说明，不像while从句有强调while动作本身的意思。因此，as常常翻译成“随着”之意As the time went on，he grew older.由由as soon as.引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句As soon as意为“一.就.”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。主句如果是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来(有时为了表达刚完成某事，就去做另一件事，需要用将来完成时)；主句若不是一般将来时，从句的时态由上下文的意思来定。I will tell him the t

9、ruth as soon as I see himAs soon as I decide to go to the cinema,I will ring you up.I will go with you as soon as I have washed my face.由由before和和after引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时主句谓语用的是过去完成时，则从句动从句动词

10、多用一般过去时词多用一般过去时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。It will be four days before they come back.He almost knocked me down before he saw me.Mary had gone to Canada before the letter arrived.After表示“在.之后”，after引导的时间状语从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，如果要强调时间的先后，从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时，如不强调，主句和从句都可用一般过去时。After he had finished the work

11、,he went home.till或until引导的时间状语从句till和until表达的是“直到.”一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。till不可不可以用在句首，而以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。可以放在句首。I didnt go to bed until/till my father came back.She

12、stayed in her room until/till midnight.She didnt leave her room until/till midnight.It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.（强调句）Until he told me the news,I had no idea of it.Not until you mentioned it,did I have any idea of it.此外，当not until 置于句首时，主句要用倒装结构(2)引导时间状语从句的

13、名词 the minute,the moment,the second,the day,the week,the month,the year,the instant等等 The machine will start the moment you press this button.The instant I saw him,I knew that he was angry with me.I rushed over here to tell you the second that I heard the news.The instant she caught his eye,she look

14、ed away again.The year he was killed in an accident,he was at the peak of his career.immediately(立即立即),directly(一一.就就.),instantly(立马，即刻立马，即刻)等(3)引导时间状语从句的副词 He began to look for another position immediately.Jason saw me and got off the horse immediately.Directly you feel any points,you must go to th

15、e doctor.Please write to me instantly you arrive Instantly I entered the dark room,I turned on the light.(4)引导时间状语从句的短语every time,each time,(the)next time,any time,the last time,the first time,by the time等。Every time I listen to your advice,I get into trouble.The first time he took the train,he met

16、with a heavy rain.He felt nervous each time she spoke to him.注意：由by the time引导的时间状语从句的用法和时态。He had left by the time we reached home.By the time I got to the bus stop,the bus had already left.By the time she got home,her husband had already cooked dinner.2，如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时(do)或现在完成时have done（表示将来），那么

17、主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时(will have done)，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成。1.如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时(did)，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时(had done)，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去过去的过去。By the time you get there,the meeting will have been over.By the time I graduate next year,I will have lived here for 5 years.by the time 意为到时候（为止3，如果主句动作不

18、强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，（主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know，find，believe等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.By the time the war was over,death and suffering were to be seen everywhere.By the time he went abroad,he was 14.no soo

19、ner than,hardly when,scarcely when作为引导词的时候，主句要部分倒装部分倒装,主句用过去完成时，主句用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时。后面的从句用一般过去时。(5)引导时间状语从句的句型 No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.We had scarcely arrived there when he asked to leave.Hardly had he arrived at the cinema when he was told that the film had been fini

20、shed.刚一.就.地点状语从句地点状语从句(1)地点状语从句一般由连接副词where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere等引导 Wherever you go,you should work hard.Where there is a will,there is a way Everywhere they went,they were warmly welcomedWherever the invaders went,they burned and killed.(2)注意:地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 作状语，则是状语从句；作定语修饰名词，则是定语从句。where引导

21、定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。You can work where you like.This is the school where he works.状语状语定语定语原因状语从句原因状语从句(1)引导原因状语的从属连词引导原因状语的从属连词引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because(因为)，for(因为)，as(由于)，since(既然)，now(that)(既然)，seeing(that)(由于，鉴于)，considering(that)(考虑到)，given(that)(考虑到)，in that等，除了这些大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从

22、属连词外，when有时也可引导原因状语从句(表示“既然”)My friends dislike me because I m handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come,lets begin our conference.I was late fort the class in this morning because I didnt set the alarm clock.Considering that its raining,wed better stay indoors.Since you dont trust him,you

23、 should not employ him.Seeing(that)he refused to help us,theres no reason that we should now help him.（2）原因状语从句基本用法）原因状语从句基本用法 because的用法：的用法：because通常表示直接的原因。because引导的从句表示直接而明确的原因和理由，表示按因果关系的推断，语气很强，用来回答用来回答why的问题的问题，一般位于主句之后一般位于主句之后。because 和和so 不可同时出现在一个句子里。不可同时出现在一个句子里。例：We couldnt go out becau

24、se it was too cold.We went to school by bus yesterday because it was cheaper.注意：“not.because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句。例：I didnt help him,not because I was unwilling,but because I was unable to do it.because of 也表示原因，但它后面不接从句,只能接名词,代词或动名词。比较：She didnt go to school because she was ill.She didnt go to

25、 school because of her illness.注意：下列情况下只能使用注意：下列情况下只能使用because：在回答在回答why的问句时的问句时;-Why do you like pandas?-Because they are cute.在用于强调句型时在用于强调句型时;It is because he is losing weight that he wont eat this kind of high calorie food.被被not所否定时所否定时;I dont want to see him not just beacuse he always comments

26、on me.since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由显然的理由(通常被翻译成通常被翻译成“既然既然”)，较为正式，语气比because弱。Since you are free today,you had better help me with my mathematics.Now that you are grown up,you should not rely on your parents.Now that he is ill,he feels unable to do it.Since the weather is

27、so bad,we have to delay our journey.注意：now that同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。Now that you are busy,let me do it for you.区别：since和now that，表示事物发展的自然结果，特别是当对方大概已经了解其原因的情况下使用，表示既成事实的原因一般位于主句之前表示既成事实的原因一般位于主句之前.for引导的是并列句表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明些辅助性的补充说明，for引引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句

28、隔开。导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。He seldom goes out now,for he is very old.as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的附带说明的“双方已知的原因双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。As it is raining,youd better take a taxi.注意：注意：in view of the fact that可用可用as/since/seeing that来表示，但不能用来表示，但不能用because：As/Since/Seeing that you are here，yo

29、u may as well give me a hand.在在as/since/seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替来代替：As/Since/Seeing/If you dont like Bill,why did you invite him?目的状语从句目的状语从句1.目的状语从句的定义目的状语从句的定义2.引导目的状语的连词及其用法引导目的状语的连词及其用法从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。(1)表示目的状语的从句可以由that（以便），（以便），so that（以

30、便），（以便），in order that（为了；以便），（为了；以便），Lest（免得；唯恐），（免得；唯恐），in case(以防以防)，for fear that（生怕；（生怕；以免）以免）等词引导。You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.He works hard in order that his family may be happy.(2)目的状语从句的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should,will,would等情态动词(1)Lucy puts on her

31、new skirt that she can receive others praise(2)Mr Black eats four bowls of rice a day so that he can keep strong.(3)I went to bed early in order that I could get up early.(4)I carried a bag of food lest there are no shops around.(5)Lee takes more money in case the price of items is too high.(6)He ra

32、n home as fast as he can for fear that it rains.(7)I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus.例句：The bus is usually on time,but start early,just in case注意注意(1)in order to 与 in order that 为了；以便为了；以便 in order to+动词原形（in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句，叫目的状语）In order to improve his spoken English,he

33、 will listen to the tape every day.in order that+从句，做目的状语从句。he listens to the tape every day in order that he can improve his spoken English.(2)in case 与 in case of 的区别 in case of是短语介词,后接名词或代词作宾语,位于句首时句首时,一般表示条件一般表示条件,意为假使、万一、如果等。位于句末时位于句末时,一般表示目的一般表示目的,以防的意思Youd better take your umbrella in case of

34、 rain.in case用作复合从属连词时,引导条件状语从句或表示否定意义的目的状语从句,表示万一、倘若、免得、以防等,而作副词用时,在句中充当状语,常位于句末,通常说 just in case意为以防万一或为了提防Youd better take your umbrella,in case it rains.结果状语从句结果状语从句1.结果状语从句的定义结果状语从句的定义结果状语从句就是在句子中作结果状语的句子，一般放在主句之后。2.引导结果状语的连词及其用法引导结果状语的连词及其用法一般引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that,so that,such that,soas to,toot

35、o,enough to等。Tom worried so that he could not sleep.It was so hot that they had to stop the match.Tom is too young to go to school.(1)so that引导结果状语从句：so that 意为“因此，所以，以致于”，是表结果的词组。Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(结果状语从句)so that引导目状语和结果状语的区别引导目状语和结果状语的区别含义上的区别：引导目的状语从句时表示的是一种意欲或可能性一种意欲或可能性,“

36、以便以便”引导结果从句时表示的是一种事实是一种事实“以致于以致于”。形式上的区别：引导目的状语从句之前不用逗号(说话时也不停顿)，而结果从句之前则通常有逗号(说话时常有停顿)；有时引导结果状语从句时其前也可以没有逗号，此时可看从句中是否有 can/could,may/might,will/would 以及should等情态动词，如果没有，则多半是结果从句。比较：Weve come early so that the meeting can begin promptly.(so that 引导目的状语从句)We are all here now,so that the meeting can b

37、egin at last.(so that 引导结果状语从句)I am going to the lecture early so that I will get a good seat.(so that 引导目的状语从句)I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.(so that 引导结果状语从句)另外，另外，so that引导目的从句时有时可放在主句之前，而引导结果从句时却不能引导目的从句时有时可放在主句之前，而引导结果从句时却不能So that he could buy a new car,he saved a lot o

38、f money.(引导目的状语从句)(2)so/such.that引导结果状语从句的用法so.that.结构表示的是意思是 “太.以致于.”It was so hot that they had to stop the match.Tom drove so carelessly that he almost hit the tree.Ada is so lovely a girl that all of them like her very much.He has so many books that I cant count them.There was so much food that

39、we couldnt eat it all.This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.such.that.结构表示的是意思是 “太.以致于.”注意：such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词

40、。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用，形成固定搭配。such+a/an+形容词形容词+名词名词+that 从句从句=so+形容词形容词+a/an+名词名词+that从句从句so foolish=such a foolso nice a flower=such a nice flowerso many people=such a lot of people练习：The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.（4）.e

41、nough to句型的用法：该结构的基本形式为“形容词或副词enough to+动词原形”，其意为“足够地.可以.”Cathy is tall enough to get the books on the shelf.（3）too.to 句型形式上是肯定的，但是它在意义上却是否定的，表示太而不能。too 的后面接形容词或副词的原级，to 的后面接动词原形。too+形容词/副词+to do sth.He is too young to join the army.The box is too heavy to be carried/to carry.当主语不是人的时候(即主语是不定式动作的承受者

42、)，不定式既可以是主动也可以是被动The milk is too hot to drink/to be drunk.He is old enough to go to school.他太矮了，够不到树上的苹果。He is so short that he cant reach the apples on the tree.He is such a short guy that he cant reach the apples on the tree.He is too short to reach the apples on the tree.He is not tall enough to

43、reach the apples on the tree.这个问题太难了，我解决不了。This problem is so difficult that I cant solve it.The problem is not easy enough to be solved.It is such a difficult problem that I cant solve it.This problem is too difficult to solve/to be solved.条件状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句是由引导词if以及unless等词引导的状语从句。在英文中，“条件”是指某一件事情

44、实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”、“如果”1.条件状语从句的是什么？条件状语从句的是什么？注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中如果句子需表示将来时态，主句是一般将来时态，祈使句或情态动词，有时也能用现在时，而从句要用一般现在时,即 “主将从现原则主将从现原则”（主将从现中的“将”并非指将来时，还能够指表示将来含义的；条件状语从句中，从属连词之后的句子是该条件状语从句的从句）。Well start our project if the president agrees.If you fail in the exam,

45、you will let him down.常用引导词：if(如果),unless(除非),whether(是否)(whether.or not)等特殊引导词：as/so long as（只要）,only if（只有，只要）,providing/provided that（以为条件）,supposing that（如果，假如）,on condition that（在条件下）等2.条件状语从句的引导条件状语从句的引导词有哪些？词有哪些？You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is n

46、o opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.3.几个常用引导词的用法几个常用引导词的用法(1).if 是引导条件状语从句常用的连词，译为“如果”由if引导的条件状语从句表示“在某种条件下某事很可能发生”，if 引导的条件状语从句既可以将从句放前面也可以将从句放后面。If you ask him,he will help you.If it rains,we will stop playing basketba

47、ll.I will buy you a new computer,if you help me clean up.If I see him tonight,Ill tell him that you bought him a present.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种：真实条件句真实条件句如：If it rains tomorrow,we wont go on a picnic.真实条件句一般遵循“主将从现”、主情从现（情指情态动词）、主祈从现（祈指祈使句）等原则。If he arrives at the airport,please let me know.If he

48、is innocent,you should apologize to him for your misunderstanding.非真实条件句非真实条件句非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种，也称虚拟条件句，表示与事实相反。If I were you,I would invite him to the party.I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.if引导非真实条件句，主句和从句的谓语动词时态*if 引导非真实条件句的用法引导非真实条件句的用法A：If I there were no w

49、ater and air,people would die.B：If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have made such a big mistake.C:If it were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home all day.现在现在过去过去将来将来If he hadnt been to London,he her.(meet)If I were him,I her the truth.(tell)would not have met would tell If引导的非真实条件句中，如果从句中有引导的非

50、真实条件句中，如果从句中有谓语动词是谓语动词是were、had、should这三个单词的话，这三个单词的话，可以省略可以省略if,然后将然后将were,had，should提到主语前。提到主语前。A:If I were you,I would never invite him to join this party.=Were I you,I would never invite him to join this party.B：Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim =Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.C:Ifits