1、基本句型Joe简单句陈述句肯定句疑问句祈使句感叹句否定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反义疑问句陈述句肯定句否定句主谓主谓宾主系表主谓宾宾主谓宾宾补疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反义疑问句结构回答构成和用法特殊疑问词疑问代词疑问副词词组结构回答构成回答特殊句式一、一般疑问句一、一般疑问句用 Yes或 No 作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。其结构是 be动词(am/is/are)/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分 通常回答为:肯定:Yes,+主语+提问的词.否定:No,+主语+提问的词+not.Are you from Japan Yes,I am/No,Im not Is her sister
2、 doing her homework now Yes,she is/No,she isnt Does he work in a bank Yes,he does/No,he doesnt Can you speak French Yes,I can/No,I cant1.如何将陈述句变成一般疑问句?如何将陈述句变成一般疑问句?要将陈述句变成一般疑问句,可以遵循下列步骤:1)如句中有 be 动词(am、is、are、was、were)情态动词(can、may、must)或助动词(do、does、did、have、had(完成时中)时,可直接将 它们提到句首,句末打上问号即可。主语为第一人称,应
3、将其改为第二人称。It was rainy yesterday.Was it rainy yesterday?Toms father can play the piano.Can Toms father play the piano?I have finished my homework.Have you finished your homework?2)如果句中没有 be动词、助动词或情态动词,则根据谓语动词的形式借 助 do 的相应形式放在句首。具体方法是:如果谓语动词是原形,则借 do;如果 谓语动词是一般现在时第三人称单数形式,则借 does;如果谓语动词是过去式,则借 did.需要注
4、意的是,借 does或 did 后,原句的谓语动词要变回原形。They go to school by bike.Do they go to school by bike?Bill gets up at 6:30 every day.Does bill get up at 6:30 every day?The students saw a film yesterday.Did the students see a film yesterday二、陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项二、陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项 1)如果陈述句中有第一人称,则变问句时最好要变为第二人称。I usually hav
5、e lunch at school.Do you usually have lunch at school?My father is playing soccer.Is your father playing soccer?2)如果陈述句中有 some,则变问句时往往要变成 any。There is some water on the playground.Is there any water on the playground?3)复合句变一般疑问句通常只变主句,从句不变。I know he comes from Canada.Do you know he comes from Canada
6、?4)如果句中含有实义动词 have且表示“有”时,除借 do外,也可将其直接 提到句首。I have some friends in America.Have you any friends in America?/Do you have any friends in America?三、一般疑问句的回答三、一般疑问句的回答 一般疑问句往往采用简短回答,共由三部分(三个单词)组成,对这三部 分(三个单词)的确定可以概括例下:1.第一个词:不是 Yes 就是 No。(有时根据语气的不同,Yes 可由 Sure,Certainly,Of course等代替.NO 可由 sorry 代替.)2.第
7、二个词:问谁答谁。即答语中的主语须与问句的主语一致(必须用主 格代词)。Does she clean her room every day?Yes,she does.Is Anna s father a doctor?No,he isn t.如果主语是 this that,回答时用 it 代替,如果问句中主语 these,those,回答 时用 they 代替。Is this your pen?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.Are those your books?Yes,they are.No,they arent.3.第三个词:用什么问,用什么答。即用问句中的提问词。Can J
8、im play soccer?Yes,he can.Does Mr Bean speak English?Yes,he does.需要注意问题:(1).用 may 引 导的问句,肯定回答用 may,否定回答用 can或t mustnt,用 must 引导的问句,肯定回答用 must,否定回答用 neednt.May I go to the park now?Yes,you may./No,you mustn t.Must I wash my clothes now?Yes,you must./No,you needn t.4作否定回答时,结尾要加上 not。否定回答最好缩写,而肯定回答不能 缩
9、写。Did Thomas come here yesterday?Yes,he did./No,he didn t.Is Lin Lin in Class 3?Yes,she is./No,she isnt或(No,shes not)1.His father is an English teacher.2.These cats are crying.3.They can swim.4.They like to read English.二、特殊疑问句以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what(什么),who(谁),whose(谁的),which(哪个),whe
10、n(何时),where(哪里),how(怎样,通过.),why(为何)等。1.特殊疑问词特殊疑问词2.特殊疑问句有两种语序特殊疑问句有两种语序 如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述 句的语序:疑问词(主语)谓语动词其他成分?who is singing in the room whose bike is broken 如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词一般疑问句 语序?Which class are you in What does she look like Where are you from What time does he get u
11、p every morning How do you know 3.回答回答回答特殊疑问句时,不能用 yes no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答。Who is from Canada Helen(is)Wheres the restaurant Near the station Why do you like koalas Because they are cute.三、选择疑问句选择疑问句是指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式。前一部分是个一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,后面加上or提供给对方另一个条件,让对方根据实际情况进行选择回答。Would you like a whisky or
12、 a beer?Which vase shall I use,the short one or the tall one?回答回答选择疑问句的回答不同于一般疑问句,不能用yes/no来回答,而必须选择其中一个选项进行回答,或者将选项全部否定。如:Can you sing or dance?I can sing.再如:Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs?I want to sing Chinese songs.四、反义疑问句它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方赞同。附加疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短
13、的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。Lets go to the supermarket,shall we?1.句子结构1)陈述部分肯定句+疑问部分否定句(可记为前肯后否)。例:They work hard,dont they?他们努力工作,不是吗?Lets go to the supermarket,shall we?让我们去超市,好吗?2)陈述部分否定句+疑问部分肯定句(可记为前否后肯)。例:You didnt go,did you?你没去,是吗?注意:(1)当陈述部分有never,seldom,hardly,few,little,barely,scarcely,nothing,none
14、,rarely,no,not,no one,nobody,neither等否定意义的词汇时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式:Therere few apples in the basket,are there?He can hardly swim,can he?(2)当陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,anyone,no one等表示人的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用they或he:Everyone in your family is a teacher,arent theyisnt he?(3)当陈述部分的主语为everything,something,anything.noth
15、ing等表示物的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it:Something is wrong with your watch,isnt it?(4)含有think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句,故其后的简短问句应用肯定式I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend,wont she/he?I dont believe that he can tr
16、anslate this book,can he?当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句无关)Your sister supposes she needs no help,doesnt she?You thought they could have completed the project,didnt you?(5)当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达,分三种情况:一般情况下用will you。Give me a hand,will you?以Lets(听者包括在内)开头的祈使句,前肯后可肯可否,疑问句必须用shall we(shal
17、l只用于第一人称);只有以Let us(听话人不被包括在us里面)或Let me开头的祈使句,问句才用will you。Let us know the time of your arrival,will you?Lets try again,shall we?当陈述句是否定的祈使句时,问句可用will you 或can you。e.g.Dont make much noise,will/can you?(6)There be 句型中,反义疑问部分必须为be 动词+thereThere are some apples in the basket,arent there?there used to
18、 be,反义疑问句有两种形式:didnt there和usednt there.There used to be some cities wall,usednt/didnt there?(1)They work hard,dont they?他们努力工作,不是吗?Yes,they do.对,他们工作努力。/No,they dont.不,他们工作不努力(2)They dont work hard,do they?他们不太努力工作,是吗?Yes,they do.不,他们工作努力。/No,they dont.是的,他们工作不努力回答 反意疑问句的回答:前肯后否,前否后肯,根据事实从后往前肯后否,前否
19、后肯,根据事实从后往前翻译前翻译。祈使句结构Let引导的祈使句祈使句的否定祈使句的强调式祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加pleaseplease。在句尾时,。在句尾时,pleaseplease前多用逗号。前多用逗号。祈使句动词原形+sth.(省略主语)Be careful!小心!_Stand up.起立。肯定祈使句肯定祈使句Dont+动词原形.Dont be noisy,pleas
20、e.请不要大声喧哗。Dont swim in the river.别在河里游泳。否定祈使句否定祈使句No smoking.禁止吸烟。No parking.禁止停车。1.表示禁止时,尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示。注意注意注意注意Lets go,shall we?咱们去吧,怎么样?Let us go,will you?让我们去吧,行吗?2.在以Let开头的祈使句中,Lets包括对方,Let us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。_征求对方意见_请求对方允许征求对方意见请求对方允许注意注意3.回答祈使句时要用将来时Please remember to walk the dog every
21、day.Yes,I will.注意注意4.“祈使句+and/or+结果状语”Work harder,and you will get good grades.祈使句用法口诀:祈使句用法口诀:祈使句,无主语,动词开头就可以。祈使句,无主语,动词开头就可以。表示请求或命令,加上表示请求或命令,加上pleaseplease表客气。表客气。要想变成否定句,要想变成否定句,DonDont t开头别忘记。开头别忘记。Tom,_the umbrella with you.Look at the clouds;its going to rain!A.taking B.takes C.take D.tookPl
22、ease _ the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.A.puts B.put C.putting D.to putYou should not talk in class.(改为同义句)_ _ in class.Dont talk感叹句感叹句的省略构成howwhatwhat引导的感叹句:what意为“多么”,用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。What a good girl she is!What heavy snow it is!how引导的感叹句:how意为“多么”,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。How hot it is today!How happily they play!_
侵权处理QQ:3464097650--上传资料QQ:3464097650
【声明】本站为“文档C2C交易模式”,即用户上传的文档直接卖给(下载)用户,本站只是网络空间服务平台,本站所有原创文档下载所得归上传人所有,如您发现上传作品侵犯了您的版权,请立刻联系我们并提供证据,我们将在3个工作日内予以改正。