2024年中考英语阅读理解表格型解题技巧讲解（含练习题及答案）.docx

1、2024年中考英语阅读理解表格型解题技巧讲解完成表格型阅读理解考查学生综合运用语言的能力，即捕捉信息、组织信息和综合概括的能力。该题型任务分为阅读文章和表格填空两个部分。要求考生根据所给的文章，对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，然后准确有序地完成表格的空缺。此类阅读话题广泛，体裁多样，内容贴近生活。这类题型一般分设5空，其中有的空直接可以从文章找出，有的空则需要概括总结。解题步骤：析表-定位-填表析表：根据表格中5个空格的位置关系，判断出他们的考查类型：细节理解、概括大意、归纳总结。同时根据句子结构，判断所缺核心词的词性。A. 表格第一题可能是标题，那么分析文章结构是总分结构、分总结构

2、还是总分总结构。如果是总分或者总分总结构，答案就隐藏在“总”的段落中，如果是分总结构，那么这道题就属于归纳总结题型。分总结构考查得比较少，一般是总分结构或者是总分总结构，标题答案的出处一般在于第一段或者一二段这类“总起”段落中。B. 如果表格是左右结构，且左边是论点等总结性短语，右边是论据型的句子，那么，左边的论点设空通常是归纳题的考法，需要结合上下论点判断出所填词的词性；右边论据设空，那么则是细节题的考法，需要在原文中定位答案的出处。C. 如果是最后的总结处设空，那么则是总结题型的考法，通常在最后的总结部分来定位或者总结答案。解题方法指导A. 快速定位。考查细节题，通过表格中的关键词快速定位

3、答案出处，并通过原文和表格的对比，勾划出不同之处或表格所缺之处；B. 巧妙转换。对于那些不能直接用原文的单词来填的小题，根据句意，可以对原文的词性和词形进行转换。巧用同词义（意思相同，固定搭配不同）、反义词等转换表达方式，提升正确率。C. 归纳技巧。当表格在左侧的论点型的地方设空时，常用的概括词有：原因（reason/cause）、方法（way/means）、优缺点（advantage/disadvantage）、观点（opinion/view）、建议（advice/suggestion/tip）、目的（aim/purpose）、问题（problem）、影响（effect/influence）

4、、结果（result）、背景信息（background information）等。掌握这些概括性词语，可以帮助学生快速准确地完成答题任务。另外，考虑词性的考点。如果填名词，则一定要考虑单复数，如果填谓语动词，则要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。最后，需要注重书写习惯，多注意大小写的运用。【真题实战】（2023四川南充统考中考真题）阅读短文，根据短文内容，在短文后的空格里填入最恰当的单词(每空限填一词)。As winter comes, hands can easily get cold. Thick gloves might be a good choice, but sometimes wear

5、ing them is inconvenient. However, this was not a problem for ancient Chinese people, who had a fine tool to warm their hands: hand warmers.There is one folk story about its invention. Emperor Yang from the Sui Dynasty visited Jiangsu in winter. Because of the cold, a local official asked craftsmen

6、(工匠人) to make a small warmer for the emperor that could be held in his hands. So, the hand warmer was created.By the Song Dynasty, the warmers had become popular among the common people. Skills for producing the tool were widely used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many poets from this period kept a

7、 record of people using hand warmers.In the early days, copper (铜) was generally used in the production process. It was more suitable than silver, iron and porcelain because it could transfer (传导) heat better, while reducing the risk of breakage or corrosion (腐蚀). Inside a hand warmer, there were co

8、als, some of which were mixed with flowers, giving off a nice smell when burned.Ancient hand warmers had different designs. Round, square and octagonal shapes were typical, and there were also some fashioned shapes which looked like pumpkins, flowers and turtle shells. The patterns on the warmers wo

9、uld usually be animals or symbols with good meanings, such as deer, flowers or the Chinese characters for long life.How ancient people warmed their hands in winterIntroductionHand warmers: a fine tool for ancient Chinese people to keep their hands 1 .The historyIn the Sui Dynasty:Craftsmen made a sm

10、all warmer for Emperor Yang.By the Song Dynasty:The popularity of the warmers had risen.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties:Many poets 2 the use of hand warmers.The 3 The outside: copper IIt could transfer heat better.It reduced the risk of breakage or corrosion.The 4 : coals, some mixed with flowersThe

11、designsThe designs of the ancient hand warmers were not the 5 .Shapes: typical shapes and fashioned shapesPatterns: animals or symbols with good meanings【答案】1warm 2recorded 3materials 4inside 5same【导语】本文主要讲述了古代中国人的暖手工具暖手炉。1根据“However, this was not a problem for ancient Chinese people, who had a fine

12、 tool to warm their hands: hand warmers.”可知，暖手炉是用来暖手的工具。keep.adj表示“使保持”。故填warm。2根据“Many poets from this period kept a record of people using hand warmers.”可知，明清时期许多诗人都记录了人们使用暖手器的情况。record“记录”，动词；本句时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填recorded。3根据“In the early days, copper (铜) was generally used in the production proc

13、ess.(早期，铜通常用于生产过程。)”和“Inside a hand warmer, there were coals, some of which were mixed with flowers, giving off a nice smell when burned.(在一个暖手炉里，有煤，其中一些混合了鲜花，燃烧时散发出一股好闻的味道。)”可知，此处介绍了制作暖手炉要用的材料。material“材料”，用复数形式。故填materials。4根据“Inside a hand warmer, there were coals, some of which were mixed with f

14、lowers, giving off a nice smell when burned.”可知，暖手炉里面有煤，其中一些混合了鲜花。故填inside。5根据“Ancient hand warmers had different designs.”可知，古代的暖手炉有不同的设计，即不总是一样的。the same表示“一样的”。故填same。（2023辽宁抚顺统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，完成表格。As we all know, plants and animals depend on water to live and grow. In fact, water is needed everywhe

15、re. Here are some cool facts about water.Water in our bodyWater isnt just an important part of our planet. Its an important part of our body, too. More than half of our whole body weight is water. Our body loses water whenever we sweat (流汗) or take a shower. Thats why we need to drink plenty of wate

16、r every day.Water in our lifeWe drink water. We use it to cook, clean, and carry waste out of our homes. Believe it or not, we probably use between about 300 and 380 kilos of water every day.Water and weatherWater vapor (水蒸气) is the most important gas (气体) around us. It usually stays in the air for

17、less than 2 weeks. It can become the rain which is good for plants. It can also become the snow and children love to play in it. Do you know that the biggest snowflake (雪花) fell in 1887? It was even bigger than a dinner plate (盘子). Is it surprising?From water to electricity (电)Water can run very fas

18、t. When it rains heavily, its speed through the air may reach at 20 miles an hour. Because of this, people use moving water to make electricity. For example, people built the Baihetan Hydropower Station (白鹤滩水电站) in Sichuan.Title (标题): 1 Water in our bodyWater is important not only for 2 but also for

19、 our body. We need to drink plenty of water every day. 3 Water is necessary in every part of our life. We use too much water every day.Water and weatherWater vapor is 4 than any other gas around us. It can become different forms such as rain and snow.From water to electricityThe moving water 5 , so

20、people can make electricity with it.【答案】1All about Water 2our planet 3Water in our life 4more important 5runs very fast【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一些关于水的事实。1本文主要介绍一些关于水的事实，故填All about Water。2根据“Water isnt just an important part of our planet. Its an important part of our body, too.”可知，水不仅是地球的重要组成部分，它也是我们身体的重要组成部

21、分。故填our planet。3“Water is necessary in every part of our life. We use too much water every day.”表示“水在我们生活的方方面面都是必不可少的。我们每天使用太多的水。”，是“Water in our life生活中的水”的表述，故填Water in our life。4根据“Water vapor (水蒸气) is the most important gas (气体) around us.”可知，水蒸气是我们周围最重要的气体，即比其他气体更重要，故填more important。5根据“Water c

22、an run very fast. When it rains heavily, its speed through the air may reach at 20 miles an hour. Because of this, people use moving water to make electricity. For example, people built the Baihetan Hydropower Station (白鹤滩水电站) in Sichuan.”可知，水跑得很快。当它下大雨时，它在空中的速度可能达到每小时20英里。正因为如此，人们使用流动的水来发电。故填runs v

23、ery fast。（2023四川凉山统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息。每空一词。Our world is in danger. We must do something to protect the environment. What are the main problems we face?The greenhouse effectWhen we burn fuels such as petrol and coal, a gas called CO2 is produced. Too much of this gas pollutes atmosphere,

24、and causes it to keep in too much heat. As a result of the greenhouse effect, the earths temperature is increasing. This causes sea level to go up, and in the future may cause cities to disappear.Cutting down forestsEvery year, we destroy nature by cutting down huge areas of forests. This makes the

25、greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 and give out O2. Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animals that live in our forests, and causes the surface of the soil to be easily destroyed by rain. This can result in floods and even more damage to the environment.Bad habitsMany o

26、f our habits cause pollution. People often use things once and then throw them away, or leave them on the ground as liter. This creates tons of rubbish and pollutes our land and seas.In order to protect the environment, we need to take proper action. Chinese government has made laws and rules about

27、dealing with the waste. We are getting serious about our bad habits now. We should only buy and use products friendly to the environment. We should also recycle as many things as possible. To reduce air pollution, we can take the bus or subway instead of driving.If we just learn to live in new and d

28、ifferent ways, we can make a difference.The World Is in 1 2 The greenhouse effectv CO2: is produced when burning fuels.Too much CO2 causes atmosphere to keep in too much 3 .v The earths temperature is increasing.Sea level goes up, cities may 4 .Cutting down forestsv Make the greenhouse effect 5 .v D

29、estroy the animals homes.v Cause the soil to be 6 destroyed.Result in floods and even more damage. 7 habitsv Throw away 8 things.v Pollute the land and seas.Waysv Make laws and rules to deal with the waste.v Take our bad habits 9 .v Buy and use products friendly to the environment.v Recycle as many

30、things as 10 .v Take the bus or subway instead of driving.【答案】1Danger 2Problems 3heat 4disappear 5worse 6easily 7Bad 8used 9seriously 10possible【导语】本文介绍了温室效应，砍伐森林，坏习惯是我们所面临的主要环境问题。1根据“Our world is in danger.”可知世界处于危险之中，in danger“处于危险之中”，标题中实词首字母需大写。故填Danger。2根据“What are the main problems we face?”和“

31、The greenhouse effect；Cutting down forests；Bad habits”可知此处提及了面临的问题。故填Problems。3根据“Too much of this gas pollutes atmosphere, and causes it to keep in too much heat.”可知太多的二氧化碳会污染大气，并会使其保持过多的热量。故填heat。4根据“This causes sea level to go up, and in the future may cause cities to disappear.”可知温室效应会导致海平面上升，未来

32、城市也可能消失(disappear)；may后跟动词原形。故填disappear。5根据“This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 and give out O2.”可知砍伐森林会使温室效应更严重。故填worse。6根据“and causes the surface of the soil to be easily destroyed by rain.”可知砍伐树木破坏了动物家园，并导致土壤表面容易被雨水破坏。故填easily。7根据“Bad habits”可知此处是介绍第三个问题：坏习惯。故填Bad。8根

33、据“People often use things once and then throw them away, or leave them on the ground as liter.(人们经常用一次就把它们扔掉，或者把它们当作垃圾扔在地上。)”可知人们把用过的东西扔在地下，就会造成垃圾污染。used“用过的，旧的”。故填used。9根据“We are getting serious about our bad habits now.”可知要认真对待坏习惯。take.seriously“认真对待某事”。故填seriously。10根据“We should also recycle as m

34、any things as possible.”可知我们应该回收尽可能多的东西。故填possible。（2023江苏无锡统考中考真题）先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在文章后表格的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只能填一个单词。To support the employment (就业) of disabled people in Guangzhou, Starbucks has opened its first “Silent Caf” in China where almost half the staff are hearing impaired.Fourteen out of

35、the thirty staff members have trouble hearing, and so Starbucks has created a caf that doesnt require customers to say anythingnor the staff to hear anything. “This might be the quietest Starbucks among the over 3800 shops on the Chinese mainland,” says Leo Tsoi, Chief Operating Officer of Starbucks

36、, China.The newly opened “Silent Caf” has a special ordering system where all food and drinks are numbered, letting customers easily write down their order and allowing them to place orders without having to say a word.Chen Siting, a staff member shares her thoughts about the idea. “We cannot hear y

37、ou but would like to share a tasty coffee with you,” says Siting. “I believe more people like me could find a career they dream about in the future,” she continues.Like Siting, Zhu Jieying, has been working at Starbucks for about seven years, making him its first hearing-impaired coffee master. He h

38、as hopes that Starbucks could open more opportunities (机遇) for those who are disabled, and encourage them to prove themselves and to explore more possibilities in life.Title: Starbucks “Silent Caf”Basic informationThe first one in China was 1 in Guangzhou.Almost half its staff have hearing 2 .Its cu

39、stomers place their order without having to say anything by writing down certain 3 .Staff members thoughtsChen Siting: More hearing-impaired people like me could find their 4 career in the future.Zhu Jieying: Starbucks could 5 disabled people with more opportunities.【答案】1opened 2impairment 3numbers

40、4ideal 5provide 【导语】本文介绍了星巴克为给更多有听力障碍的人提供工作，开设了“无声咖啡店”。1根据“Starbucks has opened its first Silent Caf in China where almost half the staff are hearing impaired.”可知第一个“无声咖啡店”在广州开业，open表示“开业”，此处用被动语态，动词用过去分词。故填opened。2根据“where almost half the staff are hearing impaired.”可知几乎一半的员工都有听力障碍，have后接名词，hearing

41、 impairment表示“听力障碍”。故填impairment。3根据“The newly opened Silent Caf has a special ordering system where all food and drinks are numbered, letting customers easily write down their order and allowing them to place orders without having to say a word.”可知新开的“无声咖啡馆”有一个特殊的点餐系统，所有的食物和饮料都有编号，让顾客很容易写下他们的订单，让他们

42、不用说一句话就可以下单，number表示“号码”，此处用复数。故填numbers。4根据“I believe more people like me could find a career they dream about in the future,”可知陈思婷相信更多像她一样的人会在未来找到梦想的职业。此空为形容词作定语修饰名词，ideal表示“理想的”。故填ideal。5根据“He has hopes that Starbucks could open more opportunities (机遇) for those who are disabled, and encourage th

43、em lo prove themselves and to explore more possibilities in life.”可知朱洁莹希望星巴克能够给残疾人提供更多机会，provide sb with sth表示“提供给某人某物”。故填provide。（2023四川成都统考中考真题）完成图表根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。Maps mark seas, countries, cities and our homes, and guide us through the world. To know them better, lets take a look at how maps ha

44、ve changed over the centuries.Many ancient countries used maps. One of the first is thought to have been drawn on the wall in Lascaux, France, around 16,500 years ago. Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls (公牛) is a map of the stars. The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly

45、 map, which shows Babylon and its neighboring towns on the stone.Claudius Ptolemy made maps go global. Born in Egypt around 100 AD, he was the first person to try to make a world map. With the help of math, Ptolemy marked around 10,000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa.Perhaps the most commo

46、nly used world map is the Mercator Projection. It was introduced in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator. An important part of maps is the imaginary lines of longitude, latitude and the equator.Mercator took the globe and made it flat (平的), but to do this he had to make the areas further north and south larger

47、, while the areas nearer the middle stay about the right size. The reason for this is that the Earth is like a ball, but a map is flat. It is easy to find places, but some people said it was unfair because places including Canada, the UK and Europe appeared much bigger than they really were.In the 19th and 20th centuries, modern technology allowed map makers to produce maps showing locations exactly. Today, many people view maps on their phones. Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth. Scientist